(完整word版)初中主謂一致詳解4頁

1、 初中主謂一致的用法一、主謂一致三原則 主謂一致是指謂語動(dòng)詞與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語法一致原則，意義一致原則，就近一致原則。 1. 語法一致原則：指主語是單數(shù)形式，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，主語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 Tom is a good student. 湯姆是個(gè)好學(xué)生。 They often play football on the playground. 他們經(jīng)常在操場上踢足球。 2. 意義一致：指主語形式上為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但表示單數(shù)意義，這是謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 My family are havi

2、ng lunch now. 我們一家人現(xiàn)在正吃午飯。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 這本書20美元太貴了。 1.單數(shù)名詞(代詞)，不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)形式，復(fù)數(shù)名詞(代詞)作主語，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 The desk is Toms. 這張桌子是湯姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 這些學(xué)生正在操場上踢足球。 2.表示時(shí)間，價(jià)格，重量，數(shù)目，長度，數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語作主語

3、時(shí)，這些通常作一個(gè)整體概念，謂語用單數(shù)形式。 Two months is a long holiday. 兩個(gè)月是一個(gè)長假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英鎊并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很長的距離。 Five minus four is one. 5減4等于1。 3. people,police等集體名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 People here

4、 are very friendly. 這兒的人很友好。 His family isnt large.他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我們一家人都喜歡看電視。4. 動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 To see is to believe眼見為實(shí)Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.做眼睛保健操對你的眼睛十分有益。 5. 由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；6主語是each/every+單數(shù)名詞+and(each/every)+單數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Ea

5、ch boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每個(gè)男人和女人都在工作。 7. one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一個(gè)半小時(shí)足夠了。8. 以s 結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths, physics等 No news is good news.沒有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our clas

6、s 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。9. 由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。這兩種情況區(qū)分如下：a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞，指的是同一個(gè)人或物；a/the+單數(shù)名詞+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞，指兩個(gè)人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來了。(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人) 10 a variety of各種各樣, a number of一群

7、+名詞復(fù)數(shù)，動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式; .而the number of 表數(shù)量+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。On exhibition there are a great variety of cars.展會上有各種各樣的車。The number of the students is over eight houndred。學(xué)生人數(shù)達(dá)800多人。11. a/an+單數(shù)名詞+or two 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一兩個(gè)學(xué)生考試不及格。 12. 不定代詞somebody, someone, something, anybod

8、y, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齊了嗎？Something is wrong with him.他有毛病。 Nobody was in.沒有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他們每人都有一本英語詞典。 Neither answer is

9、correct. 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。 14. 如果主語是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.15. the+形容詞表示一類人時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 16. more tha

10、n one+單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。 More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一個(gè)學(xué)生曾經(jīng)去過北京。 3.就近一致：指謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式還是用復(fù)數(shù)形式，取決于最靠近他的主語。 Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不僅老師喜歡踢足球，而且他的學(xué)生也喜歡。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 課桌上有一支鋼筆和一些書。 1.以here，there開關(guān)的句子，若主語在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語動(dòng)詞通

11、常與臨近的主語一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌上有一本書和三只筆。 Here are some books and paper for you. 這里有一些書和紙給你。2.由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)就近原則決定謂語動(dòng)詞形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but al

12、so he is ready to leave.但：如果either, each, neither作主語，則動(dòng)詞為單數(shù)形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.4.就遠(yuǎn)一致當(dāng)主語部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介詞或介詞短語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；但“名詞+as well as+名詞”時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般應(yīng)與第一個(gè)名詞一致。 Mike with his father has

13、 been to England. 邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.主謂一致課堂練習(xí) 參考15. BABAB 610. ABCDA 1115. BBCDA 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 2125 ADBAB 2630 ADACC 3135 ACCBA 3640 CACAC 主謂一致專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching T

14、V now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. isnt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball pl

15、ayer. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one.It is very easy. A. is B. arent C. isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earth

16、quake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping 9. Every one except Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all. _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane

17、 _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? There _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited

18、 C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 21. A library with 5000 books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered22. I told him what I was surprise

19、d _ his attitude towards his study. A. is B. was C. at is D. at was23. On the wall _ two large portraits(肖像). A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. are hung24. All that can be done _. A. has been done B. has done C. have done D. were done25. The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting. A. has B. have C.

20、 are D. is26. I have finished a large part of the book; the rest _ more difficult. A. is B. are C. was D. were27. The wounded(傷員) _ by the hospital. A. has taken in B. has been taken in C. have taken in D. have been taken in28. The following _ some other examples. A. are B. is C. was D. were29. The

21、whole class _ the teacher attentively(認(rèn)真地). A. are listening B. is listening to C. are listening to D. is listening30. “All _ present and all _ going on well,” our manager said. A. is; is B. are; are C. are; is D. is; are31. The rich _ not always happy. A. are B. is C. has D. have32. He is the very

22、thief that the police _. A. is after B. is looking C. are after D. are looking33. The third and last chapter(章節(jié)) _ by Professor Chen. A. are written B. are writing C. is written D. is writing34. One third of the students in our school _ girl students. A. is B. are C. was D. were35. Many a writer of newspaper articles _ to writing novels. A. has turned B. have turned C. being turned D. are going to turn36. None of your projects _. A. working out B. work out C. is worked out D. worked out37. Going to bed early and getting up early _ a good habit. A.