高二英語gettingalongwithothers課件15匯編

1、 Unit 1 Module 5 Grammar and usage To-infinitive and Verb-ing form as a noun Part 1 To-infinitive 1. to do as a subject The cat said, “to take roller coaster is terrible ”. The cat said, “Its terrible to take roller coaster.” How long did it take you to take roller coaster? How terrible it is to tak

2、e roller coaster! 不定式短語作主語時不定式短語作主語時, 可以直接放在句可以直接放在句 首首, 但在很多情況下但在很多情況下, 尤其是在疑問句和尤其是在疑問句和 感嘆句中感嘆句中, 往往放在謂語之后往往放在謂語之后, 而用先行而用先行 代詞代詞it作形式主語。作形式主語。 It作形式主語作形式主語,不定式作真主語常見句型不定式作真主語常見句型: Its my duty to teach you how to learn English well. It requires patience to be a good teacher. a) It is + adj. (easy,

3、 important, difficult) + 不定式不定式 b) It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, ones duty, a shame) + 不定式不定式 c) It takes/needs/requires + some time (hours, months, days, patience) + 不定式不定式 2. to do as a predictive Our most important task now is to make a plan. 當(dāng)句子的主語是當(dāng)句子的主語是aim, idea, policy, question, suggestio

4、n, wish, task, duty, job, purpose等或者主語是等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的引導(dǎo)的 名詞性從句名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做時，后面可以用不定式做 表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。 注注: 作表語的不定式都帶作表語的不定式都帶to, 但當(dāng)主語部但當(dāng)主語部 分有實義動詞分有實義動詞do時時, to可以省略可以省略。 Now the only thing we can do is wait. 當(dāng)不定式充當(dāng)表語的時候當(dāng)不定式充當(dāng)表語的時候, 表示具體動表示具體動 作或是將來要發(fā)生的動作。如作或是將來要發(fā)生的動作。如: 1. My wish i

5、s to be a doctor. 2. What she wants to do is to tell you a secret. 3. His plan is to go abroad and continue his studies. PS: 動名詞和不定式同樣都可以充當(dāng)動名詞和不定式同樣都可以充當(dāng) 表語表語,兩者的區(qū)別在于不定式表達是具兩者的區(qū)別在于不定式表達是具 體或是將來發(fā)生動作，而動名詞則表體或是將來發(fā)生動作，而動名詞則表 示抽象的一般行為。示抽象的一般行為。 1. His job is delivering the letters to their destinations.

6、2. My job is to look after the sister when Mom is cooking. 3. To do as an object The cat said “Remember not to take it next time!” (Tips:不定式否定為不定式否定為not to) 可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多可以直接用不定式作賓語的動詞很多, 如如agree, afford, tend, ask, decide, determine, expect, fail, hope, learn, intend, manage, offer, plan, promis

7、e, refuse, want, wish 2005年天津卷年天津卷12題：題：I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody, but the managers plan is unfair. A. to sound B. to be sounded C. sounding D. to have sounded 當(dāng)不定式短語比賓補長時當(dāng)不定式短語比賓補長時, 往往將往往將 不定式放到賓補后不定式放到賓補后, 而用先行代詞而用先行代詞it 作形式賓語作形式賓語, 常用動詞有常用動詞有feel, think, find, believe, consid

8、er, make等。等。 The cat felt it terrible to take roller coaster. b) 只有少數(shù)介詞如只有少數(shù)介詞如but, except等后面可等后面可 以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作 介詞賓語的不定式都帶介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，但，但如果如果 but或或except所在句子里的謂語動詞所在句子里的謂語動詞 含有含有do, does, did時，通常省略時，通常省略to。 We have no choice but to wait. Cf. We can do nothing but wait. 4. to do as

9、 an object complement You should get them to help you. (They will help you.) (常用謂語動詞有常用謂語動詞有: get, ask, force, order, tell, invite, allow, wish, want, like, expect, advise, beg, cause, persuade, teach, warn, hate, permit,forbid, encourage等。等。) 通常這樣的動詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里通常這樣的動詞用在以下的結(jié)構(gòu)里: Verb +sb/sth + to do sth

10、 The boss made her work long hours. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 賓補賓補 She 主語主語 was made 謂語謂語 to work 主補主補 long hours (by her boss). 2005全國卷全國卷(I)No.18 While watching television, _. A. The doorbell rang B. The doorbell rings C. We heard the doorbell ring D. We heard the doorbell rings 2005福建卷福建卷No.23 If anyone hap

11、pens to drop in while Im out, _ him or her leave a message. A. have B. get C. ask D.tell Tips:有些動詞后面須接有些動詞后面須接不帶不帶to 的不定式做賓語補足語的不定式做賓語補足語, 常用的動詞有常用的動詞有: make, let, have, see; hear, watch, notice, feel; look at, listen to; help, observe 等等, 但是句子變成被動語態(tài)后但是句子變成被動語態(tài)后, 不定式不定式 成為句子的主語補足語成為句子的主語補足語, 需帶需帶to。

12、 I would rather _ (go) swimming. You had better _ (tidy) your bedroom. Why not _ (visit) your cousin in Japan? Tips:有些句型后面須接有些句型后面須接不帶不帶to的不的不 定式。定式。 go tidy visit She told me _ (be) cheerful and _ (look) on the bright side. We had nothing _ (do) but _ (watch) TV. Tips: 當(dāng)兩個不定式當(dāng)兩個不定式and, or, expect,

13、but, than或或rather than連接起來時，連接起來時， 第二個不定式第二個不定式符號省略。符號省略。 to be look to do watch 5. to do as an attributive He has not kept his promise _ (write) to his parents regularly. She made a decision _(go) abroad for a year. 不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語不定式可以在句子充當(dāng)后置定語, 修飾修飾 名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語名詞。以下幾類情況常用不定式作定語: 能帶不定式作賓語的動詞能

14、帶不定式作賓語的動詞, 其同源其同源 名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見名詞可以帶不定式作定語。常見 的有的有attempt, decision, promise, plan等等 His eagerness to finish his homework was quite clear. 常與不定式搭配的形容詞常與不定式搭配的形容詞, 其同源其同源 名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。名詞一般可以用不定式作定語。 常見的有常見的有ability, determination, anxiety, eagerness等等 She was the only person to survive after the e

15、arthquake. 序數(shù)詞序數(shù)詞,形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級或被only, last, next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作 定語。定語。 Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. (=The first comes and the last leaves.)(主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系) I have no time to listen to your excuse. (同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系) She has a meeting to attend. (=attend a meeting) Theres nothin

16、g to worry about. (=worry about nothing)(動賓關(guān)系動賓關(guān)系) Tips: 不定式在作定語時不定式在作定語時, 有時與被有時與被 修飾的名詞有意義上的修飾的名詞有意義上的主謂主謂 關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系關(guān)系、同位關(guān)系、動賓關(guān)系, 如果該不定式是不及物動詞如果該不定式是不及物動詞, 它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞它后面需要加上適當(dāng)介詞。 6. to do as an adverbial不定式可以作狀不定式可以作狀 語語, 表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。表示目的、結(jié)果、原因、條件等。 2005年遼寧卷年遼寧卷22題：題：All these gifts must be

17、 mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. A. in order to have received B. in order to receive C. so as to be received D. so as to be receiving so as to (不能放句首不能放句首), to, in order to作目作目 的狀語的狀語 He hurried to the station only _ that the train had gone. to find B. finding A.C. found D. to have found

18、 在在soas to, suchas to, only to 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中 不定式作結(jié)果狀語不定式作結(jié)果狀語, 其中其中only to用于表用于表 示意想不到的結(jié)果。示意想不到的結(jié)果。 The boy isnt old enough to go to school. = The boy is too young to go to school. enough to, tooto結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu) I am glad to meet you. 形容詞形容詞(glad, happy, lucky, fortunate, surprised, angry, anxious, ready, quick, slo

19、w, cruel, clever等等)+ 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語不定式結(jié)構(gòu)作原因狀語 To tell you the truth, I hate you. 7. 作插入語作插入語, 用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、用來說明說話人的態(tài)度、 看法、對整個句子進行解釋看法、對整個句子進行解釋, 如如to be frank/honest(坦白地說坦白地說), to be sure(確實確實), to make the matter worse(更糟糕的是更糟糕的是)等。等。 The order to start the general attack soon came. 8. 作同位語作同位語 不定式的進行式、完

20、成式和被動式不定式的進行式、完成式和被動式 Some students pretended to be reading English when the teacher came in. 不定式的進行式：不定式的進行式：to be + V-ing, 用用 來表示謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，不來表示謂語動詞動作發(fā)生時，不 定式的動作正在進行。定式的動作正在進行。 2005年江蘇卷年江蘇卷No.25 - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official.

21、 A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been D. to be left 不定式完成式不定式完成式: to have + V-ed構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 用來表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。用來表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。 2006年四川卷年四川卷No.26 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. A. hold B. holding C. held D. to be held The book is said to have been translated into

22、 many languages. 當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所當(dāng)不定式的邏輯主語是不定式所 表示的動作的承受者時表示的動作的承受者時, 不定式要不定式要 用被動語態(tài)。用被動語態(tài)。 不定式的被動式分為一般式被動不定式的被動式分為一般式被動to be V-ed和完成式被動和完成式被動to have been V-ed The question is difficult to answer. He is hard to get along with. Tips:當(dāng)句式為當(dāng)句式為:主語主語+be+adj.+to do時時, 且且to do的邏輯賓語是句子主語的邏輯賓語是句子主語 時時, to do不用

23、被動語態(tài)。不用被動語態(tài)。 表表 語語 主主 語語 賓賓 語語 不定式不定式 賓語補足語賓語補足語 定定 語語 狀狀 語語 Part 2 Verb-ing form as a noun 1. 動名詞的句法功能動名詞的句法功能: 動名詞由動詞加動名詞由動詞加 ing構(gòu)成構(gòu)成, 與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動與現(xiàn)在分詞的形式相同。動 名詞主要起名詞作用名詞主要起名詞作用, 在句中擔(dān)任主在句中擔(dān)任主 語、表語、賓語和定語。語、表語、賓語和定語。 Seeing is believing. (眼見為實眼見為實) Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 作主語作主語, 可以直接放在句

24、首可以直接放在句首, 但在某但在某 些習(xí)慣表達法中也可以用先行代詞些習(xí)慣表達法中也可以用先行代詞 it作為形式主語作為形式主語, 而把動名詞后置而把動名詞后置, 如如: It is no use (good) + 動名詞動名詞: 做某事做某事 沒用沒用(不好不好) Its no use crying over spilt milk. (覆水難收覆水難收) Its no good smoking in public. His hobby is collecting stamps. 可改為可改為: Collecting stamps is his hobby. Cf. He is collecti

25、ng stamps. (is collecting 是謂語動詞進行時，此句為是謂語動詞進行時，此句為SVO結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)) 不能改為不能改為: Collecting stamps is he. 作表語作表語: 通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容通常是說明主語的內(nèi)容, 注注 意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別意它與謂語動詞進行時的區(qū)別 2006年北京卷年北京卷No.35. I cant stand _ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ talking while she works. working; stopping B. to work; stopping

26、 C. working; to stop A.D. To work; to stop 2005年上海卷年上海卷No.32 He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he could not risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost 2006年江蘇卷年江蘇卷N0.32 - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man. - My goodness! I ca

27、nt imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 作賓語作賓語 A. 作及物動詞的賓語作及物動詞的賓語 (stand, admit, dislike, imagine, delay, consider, mind, understand, avoid, enjoy, practise, miss, finish, keep, suggest, appreciate, escape, miss, risk, deny, allow, forbid等等) I like swimming but I don

28、t like to swim in winter. I prefer to drive rather than to be driven. I prefer driving to riding. Tips:有些動詞有些動詞 (continue, prefer,begin, hate, like, start, love)后面既可以接不后面既可以接不 定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語定式作賓語，也可以接動名詞作賓語, 意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛意義差別不大。通常認為用動名詞泛 指一般的傾向性指一般的傾向性, 用不定式則表示特定用不定式則表示特定 或具體某一種動作。或具體某一種動作。 200

29、5年北京卷年北京卷No.30 When asked by police, he said that he remembered _ at he party, but not _. A. to arrive, leaving B. to arrive, to leave C. arriving, leaving D. arriving, to leave 有些動詞有些動詞, 如如forget, remember, regret 等等, 后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂后面接動名詞表示的動作先于謂 語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于語動詞動作，不定式表示的動作后于 謂語動詞。謂語動詞。 B. 作介詞的賓

30、語作介詞的賓語 2005年浙江卷年浙江卷No.3 The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without _ his notes. A. bringing up B. referring to C. looking for D. trying on be used to doing 習(xí)慣于做習(xí)慣于做; look forward to doing 盼望做盼望做; devote ones life to doing 致力于做致力于做; spend time (in) doing 花時間做花時間做; be fond

31、 of doing 喜愛做喜愛做; be good at doing 擅長做擅長做; be proud of doing 為做為做而自豪而自豪; be tired of doing 對做對做 感到厭倦感到厭倦; feel like doing 欲想做欲想做; lead to 導(dǎo)致導(dǎo)致; insist on堅持要做堅持要做; object反對反對; succeed/be successful in 成功地做了成功地做了 go on doing 繼續(xù)做繼續(xù)做(原來的事原來的事); keep on doing 不停地做不停地做; what about doing 做做怎么樣怎么樣; think of

32、 doing 考慮考慮 做做; be interested in doing 對做對做感興趣感興趣; have some difficulty/trouble (in) doing 做某事有困難做某事有困難; be busy (in) doing 忙于忙于 做做; instead of doing 做做而不做而不做 2005年江蘇卷年江蘇卷No.23 Everybody in the village likes Jack because he is good at telling and _ jokes. A. turning up B. putting up C. making up D.

33、showing up 作定語作定語 動名詞可作前置定語動名詞可作前置定語, 表示所修飾的表示所修飾的 詞的用途或目的詞的用途或目的, 可用可用for改寫改寫;而現(xiàn)在而現(xiàn)在 分詞作定語時分詞作定語時, 可用定語從句改寫?？捎枚ㄕZ從句改寫。 swimming pool, waiting room, walking stick a sleeping car =a car for sleeping a sleeping child=a child who is sleeping Thats the queens full-time job, laying eggs. 作同位語作同位語 這就是蟻后的專職

34、工作這就是蟻后的專職工作產(chǎn)卵。產(chǎn)卵。 2. 動名詞的邏輯主語動名詞的邏輯主語 Do you mind my smoking here? 人稱代詞做邏輯主語時應(yīng)用所有格人稱代詞做邏輯主語時應(yīng)用所有格, 即形容詞性物主代詞。即形容詞性物主代詞。 He was awakened by someone knocking at the door. Theres no need for that being done. 邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時邏輯主語是不定代詞或指示代詞時, 很少用所有格很少用所有格, 而用普通格。而用普通格。 邏輯主語是名詞時邏輯主語是名詞時, 用所有格用所有格, 但是但是 如果

35、名詞為無生命物體時，則用普如果名詞為無生命物體時，則用普 通格。通格。 Marys laughing made Tom angry. There is no hope of the factory making profit. 在口語中在口語中, 動名詞如果不在句首，動名詞如果不在句首， 可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格可以用名詞普通格或人稱代詞賓格 作邏輯主語。作邏輯主語。 2005年安徽卷年安徽卷 No.34 I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you t

36、reating 3. 動名詞的完成式動名詞的完成式(having done)、 一般式被動一般式被動(being done)和完成式和完成式 被動被動(having been done)。 After having finished his work, he went home. He attended the meeting without being asked. She never told me about her having been interviewed by the police. 表語表語 主語主語 賓語賓語 動名詞動名詞 定語定語 高考鏈接高考鏈接 1. I have a

37、 very important meeting to attend. (P8) 考點考點 動詞不定式作定語。動詞不定式作定語。 考例考例 The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games _ in Beijing in 2008. （四川（四川2006） hold B. holding A.C. held D. to be held 點撥點撥 選選D。根據(jù)。根據(jù)in 2008可知要用表可知要用表 將來的時態(tài)；將來的時態(tài)；the 29th Olympic Games和和hold之間是被動關(guān)系，故答之間是被動關(guān)系，故答 案應(yīng)選案應(yīng)選D。動詞不定式被動語

38、態(tài)作后。動詞不定式被動語態(tài)作后 置定語，表示將來和被動兩重含義。置定語，表示將來和被動兩重含義。 2. Although I have fun with my online friends, I know that my real friends are more important than my online friends.(P11) 考點考點 although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意 為為“雖然雖然；盡管；盡管”。 考例考例 _ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experie

39、nce. （2006全國卷全國卷） A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although 點撥點撥 選選D。although引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句， 表示表示“雖然雖然”，本句句意為：雖然這，本句句意為：雖然這 位老工人在技術(shù)知識方面很有限，但他位老工人在技術(shù)知識方面很有限，但他 有豐富的經(jīng)驗。上下句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。有豐富的經(jīng)驗。上下句子為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。 其他幾個連詞其他幾個連詞since（既然（既然），），unless （除非），（除非），as（當(dāng)（當(dāng)時；因為時；因為）在）在 此與句子的邏輯意義不符。此與句子的邏輯意義不符。 3. We will listen to

40、 your problems and offer you practical advice.(P13) 考點考點 practical 可行的，實用的?？尚械模瑢嵱玫?。 考例考例 When we plan our vacation, Mother often offers _ suggestions. （2004全國卷全國卷 ） careful B. practical A.C. effective D. acceptable 點撥點撥 選選B。careful細心的；細心的；practical 可行的，實用的；可行的，實用的；effective有效的，有效的， 生效的；生效的；acceptabl

41、e可接受的。根據(jù)句可接受的。根據(jù)句 意可知應(yīng)選意可知應(yīng)選B。 4. We wont tell anyone about your call unless you want us to. (P13) 考點考點 unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為 “如果不，除非如果不，除非”。 考例考例 _ youve tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. (北京北京2006) Unless B. Because A.C. Although D. When 點撥點撥 選選A。unless 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句， 表示表示“除非除非”。句意為：你很難想象。句意為：你很難想象 它有多