初一英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)

1、初一英語(yǔ)重要知識(shí)點(diǎn)1、26個(gè)字母，大小寫，讀音，音標(biāo)，縮略詞，前面冠詞搭配1). ABC, a.m., p.m, CD, VCD, CEO, ET, B, H, m, km, mm, g, kg, WTO, SOS, SARS, VIP, WHO, UN, NBA, W.C., TV, PRC, UK, USA,2). a story, an interesting story a man, an old man, an honest man, an unusual man3). an hour, an apple, an orange, an egg, a university,4). a

2、“P”, a “U”, an “S”, an “I”, an “R”2. be動(dòng)詞的用法：am, is , are1). I am a middle school student.我是一個(gè)中學(xué)生。在第一人稱單數(shù)后用am.2). You are a teacher.你是一個(gè)老師。在第二人稱，不管單復(fù)數(shù)，都用are.3). Tom and Mike are brothers.湯姆和麥克是兄弟。主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，用are.4). Both Jane and Cherry are good at English.兩個(gè)人都擅長(zhǎng)于英語(yǔ)。bothand用are.5). She is my friend.她是我的

3、朋友。第三人稱單數(shù)，用is.6). The book is very interesting.這本書很有趣。物品單數(shù)也用is.7). The food is very delicious.食物很好吃。不可數(shù)名詞一律用單數(shù)。8). The city we live in is fascinating.我們居住的城市很迷人。主語(yǔ)是城市，單數(shù)，用is.9). Not only Jane but also Cherry is good at English.不但而且，not onlybut also句型中be動(dòng)詞取決于第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)。10). There is a net bar near my home

4、.我家附近有一個(gè)網(wǎng)吧。單數(shù)。11). There are more than 200 teachers in our school.我們學(xué)校有2百多老師。復(fù)數(shù)。3.人稱代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthemI am an English teacher. My students call me Mr. Chen.我是個(gè)老師，學(xué)生們叫我陳老師。She is a kind old woman. All of us like her.她是一個(gè)和藹的老太太。大家都喜歡她。Both of them are from UK. They both c

5、ome from UK.他們兩個(gè)人都來(lái)自英國(guó)。介賓。Edisons mother found him a clever boy. Edisons mother found that he was a clever boy.愛(ài)迪生的媽媽發(fā)現(xiàn)他是個(gè)很聰明的孩子。第一個(gè)句子，他是賓語(yǔ)，第二個(gè)句子中，它是后面的從句的主語(yǔ)。4.物主代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1).This is my bike. The bike is mine.這是我的自行車。2).Whos the boy over th

6、ere? Do you know his name?那個(gè)男孩子是誰(shuí)？你知道他的名字嗎？3).I love my motherland as much as yours.我愛(ài)我的祖國(guó)與你的一樣深。4).May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎？你的比我的好用。5).All parents love their children. My parents love theirs too.所有的父母親都愛(ài)他們的孩子，我的父母親也愛(ài)他們的孩子。A friend of mine visited me yesterday and we had a

7、long chat about our school days.我的一個(gè)朋友昨天來(lái)找我，我們?cè)谝黄鹫f(shuō)了很多關(guān)于我們?cè)趯W(xué)校的生活的話題。5. What:什么，代詞，形容詞，連詞，感嘆詞1). Whats her telephone number?他的電話號(hào)碼是多少?2). What are you doing?你在做什么？3). “What has happened?” She asked.She asked what had happened.她問(wèn)道，發(fā)生了什么事呢？4). What time is it?Whats the time?幾點(diǎn)啦？5). I believe what she to

8、ld me.我相信她所告訴我的話。（引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句）6). What a fine day!多好的天氣??！(感嘆)6.名字：英文里一般名字有三個(gè)：first name, middle name, last name.其中first name就是他們的名字(given name), last name就是他們的姓(family name), middle name一般略去。Tomas Smith: Tomas是名字，Smith是姓。First name往往還有昵稱。比如：Tom is short for Tomas.稱呼一般放在姓氏的前面。比如，我們稱呼David Black為Mr Black,而

9、不是Mr David.7. number:號(hào)碼，數(shù)1）number:號(hào)碼，放在數(shù)字前, Number 5或No. 5. Whats your number? I am Number 28.2）The number of: 的數(shù)量，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)：The number of the students in our class is fifty-six.我們班的學(xué)生數(shù)量是56。3）A number of:很多，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)：A number of students like playing computer games.很多學(xué)生喜歡打電腦游戲。8. How的用法1).用在問(wèn)候語(yǔ)中。如：How d

10、o you do? (你好！)這是初次見(jiàn)面時(shí)的問(wèn)候語(yǔ)，答語(yǔ)也用How do you do?2).用來(lái)詢問(wèn)身體健康狀況，意為怎么樣。如：-How is your mother? -She is very well.你媽媽身體怎么樣？她很好。3).用來(lái)詢問(wèn)做事的方式或手段，意為怎樣。如：-How do you come to school? -By bike.你怎樣來(lái)上學(xué)？騎自行車。4).用來(lái)詢問(wèn)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行的程度，意為怎么樣。如：-How do you like this book？-Very much.你覺(jué)得這本書怎么樣？非常喜歡。Hows the weather? Its fine.天氣怎樣？

11、很好。5). How about.？意為怎么樣？相當(dāng)于What about.？，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)情況或征求意見(jiàn)。How about playing football?踢足球怎么樣？My father is a teacher. What about yours?我的父親是位老師，你父親呢？6). how old意為多大，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)年齡。如：-How old are you? -Im eleven.你多大了？我十一歲。7). how many/much意為多少,用來(lái)詢問(wèn)某物的數(shù)量。how many用來(lái)對(duì)可數(shù)名詞提問(wèn)，how much用來(lái)對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞提問(wèn)。如：How many pears are there

12、 on the table?桌上有多少個(gè)梨？How much bread do you want？你想要多少面包？8). how much意為多少錢，用來(lái)詢問(wèn)價(jià)格。如：-How much are these things? -Ten yuan.這些東西多少錢？十元。9). how long意為多久，多長(zhǎng)，既可以用來(lái)詢問(wèn)時(shí)間有多久，又可以詢問(wèn)某物有多長(zhǎng)。如：-How long does it take you to do your homework every day? -About two hours.你每天做作業(yè)要花多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間？大約兩個(gè)鐘頭。-How long is this street?

13、-About two hundred meters.這條街有多長(zhǎng)？大約兩百米。10). How far:多遠(yuǎn)，提問(wèn)兩地之間的距離-How far is it your home to school? About two kilometers.你家里學(xué)校多遠(yuǎn)？大約兩公里。11).How often:多經(jīng)常，對(duì)時(shí)間頻度的提問(wèn)-How often do you chat online? -Once a week?你多經(jīng)常上網(wǎng)聊天？-每周一次。12). How soon:過(guò)多久，-How soon will your brother come back? -In a week.你兄弟什么時(shí)間會(huì)回來(lái)？一

14、個(gè)禮拜后。13).感嘆詞，引導(dǎo)感嘆句，后跟形容詞How interesting the story is!這個(gè)故事多有趣啊。9. where的用法：1）表示疑問(wèn)，在哪里，對(duì)地點(diǎn)提問(wèn)Where are my glasses? I cant find it.我的眼鏡在哪里？我找不著。2）定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞，先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)This is the place where we used to play basketball.這就是我們以前經(jīng)常打籃球的地方。10.一般疑問(wèn)句：Yes/No問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句有兩種：1）一種是由be動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的疑問(wèn)句。其結(jié)構(gòu)是“be+主語(yǔ)+其它部分？”肯定回答用“Ye

15、s，主語(yǔ)+be.”，否定回答用“No，主語(yǔ)+be+not.”。be和not可用縮寫形式。Is this your English book？這是你的英語(yǔ)書嗎？Yes，it is.是的，它是。-Are you reading the book you bought yesterday? -No, I am not.你在看你昨天買的書嗎？不。2）第二種形式是由助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是“助動(dòng)詞(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它部分？”肯定回答用“Yes，主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(或do).”否定回答用“No，主語(yǔ)+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(或do)+not.”。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞也常用縮寫形式。Can you sp

16、ell your name？你會(huì)拼寫你的名字嗎？Yes，I can.是的，我會(huì)。-Would you like to go to my party on Friday night? Yes, Id love to.你愿意參加我禮拜五的聚會(huì)嗎？是的。-Have you finished writing the composition? NO, I havet.你寫完了作文了嗎？不，還沒(méi)有。-Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do.你喜歡漢堡嗎？是的。對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句的回答也不一定是一律不變的。肯定回答可用OK./Certainly.等，否定回答可用Sorry./Sorry

17、，I cant.等。11. this, that, these, those指示代詞1).this（這個(gè)）that（那個(gè)）, these（這些）, those（那些）既可以充當(dāng)限定語(yǔ)，也可以做代詞This girl is Mary. This is Mary.This is my backpack, that is yours.Those women are teachers. Those are teachers.2).this ,that可用于打電話用語(yǔ)，指我與對(duì)方。Hi, May I speak to Clinton? This is Tom speaking.我可以找克林頓通話嗎？我是

18、湯姆。Who is that speaking?你是誰(shuí)呢？3). that用于指代前面提到的不可數(shù)名詞In winter, the weather in Quanzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing.4).定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞that, those,其中that指物，those指人或物She admires that which looks beautiful.他欣賞外表美的東西。He admires those who write good stories.他欣賞那些能寫好故事的人。5). that可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,可以省略He said that J

19、enny would come to the party soon.他說(shuō)甄妮一小會(huì)兒就回來(lái)。6) that可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，代替which或who.I like the music that I can dance to.我喜歡我可以跟著跳舞的音樂(lè)。12. when的用法1)作疑問(wèn)副詞，常引導(dǎo)一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句，表示“什么時(shí)候”。如：When did they live there？他們什么時(shí)候住在那兒？When is spring in China？在中國(guó)，春季是什么時(shí)候？2).連接連詞，表示“當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句When the lights arered, the traffic mu

20、st stop. = The traffic must stop when the lights are red.當(dāng)交通燈變成紅色的時(shí)候，來(lái)往車輛必須停下來(lái)。3). When在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。When you jump the queue, other people wont be pleased.當(dāng)你插隊(duì)時(shí)，其他人將會(huì)不高興。13.動(dòng)詞的分類從其含義來(lái)分，動(dòng)詞可分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞乏義動(dòng)詞。如：1).實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：go去;play玩2).連系動(dòng)詞（后常跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)）：be是; become成為;look看起來(lái); feel感覺(jué)起來(lái);taste嘗起來(lái);s

21、ound聽(tīng)起來(lái)3).情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：can能; must必須; may可以; need需要;should應(yīng)當(dāng)4).助動(dòng)詞：do（動(dòng)詞原形，構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句或否定句等）have（動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞）, be（現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞）, will（動(dòng)詞原形）14.助動(dòng)詞1). be作為助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。We are working hard in the garden.（構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）我們?cè)诨▓@里辛勤勞動(dòng)。The house was painted purple.（構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)）房子被刷成紫色的。2). do作為助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句、否定句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句。如：Do you live in Shangha

22、i?（構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句）你住在上海嗎？I dont like to have hamburgers.（構(gòu)成否定句）我不喜歡吃漢堡包。Do come please.（構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句）一定要來(lái)。3). have作為助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：Have you finished the work?（構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）你的工作完成了沒(méi)有？4). shall和will作為助動(dòng)詞，用來(lái)構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。如：I will call you this evening.（構(gòu)成一般將來(lái)時(shí)）今晚我會(huì)打電話給你。What shall we do next week?下個(gè)星期我們做什么？15. dictionary:字典look u

23、p a word in a dictionary查字典a living dictionary活字典，If you dont know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in a dictionary.如果你不認(rèn)識(shí)一個(gè)單詞的意思，你可以查字典。16. in English：用英語(yǔ)She can talk and write in English.她會(huì)用英文說(shuō)和寫。Whats this in English?這個(gè)用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)？(What do you mean by this?)17. family：家庭集體名詞，看作單位時(shí)作為單數(shù)，看作所有成員時(shí)，作為復(fù)數(shù)1). My family is very large.我家很大。（一個(gè)單位）2). My family has lived in the village for about 30 years.我家住在這個(gè)村莊差不多30年了。（一個(gè)單位）3). My family are all fond of going to the movies.我們家的人都喜歡去看電影。（單位內(nèi)的所有的成員）18. thanks for：因?yàn)楦兄xthanks to:多虧了，由于Thanks for the phot