高中英語短文改錯解題技巧

1、高中英語短文改錯解題技巧短 文 改 錯 技 巧 “短文改錯”題是各類考試中的一個重要題型。盡管該題難度不大，但仍有一些同學在做此類題目時不得要領，因而得分甚少。本文結合高考試題，對“短文改錯”題中的常見錯誤加以分析，從中找出命題者設置錯誤的規(guī)律并介紹一些解題技巧。 一、“短文改錯”題中的常見錯誤類型 (一) 名詞方面的錯誤 名詞方面的錯誤多指名詞單復數(shù)形式的誤用，可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤，名詞所有格中“s”的誤置等。例如: 1. He had no ideas that the kitchen was not for guests. 2. In summer, the sea under t

2、he blue skies is even more beautiful. 3. . youve been settled down in Boston and are getting used to the local ways of life. 4. . but she marked strictly on students actual performance . (二) 動詞方面的錯誤 動詞錯誤在短文改錯中所占比重最大，它所涉及的錯誤包括動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤；易混動詞的用法錯誤；動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)錯誤；動詞的非謂語形式，以及動詞的句型搭配錯誤等。在改錯題中，動詞方面的考查比例較大。例如

3、: 1. The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . 2. I just want to thank you for helping me becoming a different person. 3. How about join us? The camp is at the foot of a small hill. 4. Ill send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport. (三) 形容詞、副詞方面的錯誤 這類錯誤多指誤用形容詞修飾形容詞，誤用副詞

4、修飾名詞，誤用形容詞修飾動詞，誤用形容詞或副詞的原級、比較級和最高級以及誤用帶-ly的副詞與不帶-ly的副詞等，特別注意根據(jù)上下文該用比較級而未用的“暗中比較”。例如: 1. They came back lately and had some tea. 2. you always gave me specially attention . 3. . they fly down immediate and catch them without delay. 4. Yes，it is clearly that your life in your country is quite differen

5、t from . 5. I know you are particular interested in Human Rights. 6. Last year, my English teacher proved to be the more popular in our school. (四) 連詞方面的錯誤 短文改錯中出現(xiàn)連詞就要判斷連詞用的是否正確，是否符合句子意思；連接的是詞還是句子，是否符合邏輯關系。此外如果是平行結構就要注意前后時態(tài)、語態(tài)、詞性一致問題平行結構常借助與并列連詞and, or, but, not onlybut also, notbut, eitheror, neith

6、er nor, as well as等，though不與but連用，because不與so連用等。 1. It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. 2. I became very active but made new friends. 3. My hometown is a pretty city, so people there are kind and polite. 4. While they find fish come to the surface, they fly down

7、 immediately. 5. Both your aunt or I look forward to seeing you again. (五) 代詞方面的錯誤 這類錯誤主要包括形容詞性物主代詞與名詞性物主代詞的誤用，關系代詞、連接代詞的誤用，代詞主格與代詞賓格的誤用，代詞單數(shù)與代詞復數(shù)的誤用，各個不定代詞之間的誤用，反身代詞與代詞賓格之間的誤用，代詞的指代錯誤，定語從句中多用代詞等。 1. . the men threw away most of his clothes to save themselves. 2. a lot of white birds come to my city

8、 for food. I can wait patiently above the sea for quite a long . 3. If he spends most of his time playing about in the way that he used to as a child，they will go hungry. 4. That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleasant, uninterrupted . 5. I just smiled to me and thought . 6. your

9、 life in your country is quite different from me. 7. Everybody sleeps in tents, that is very exciting. (六) 介詞方面的錯誤 這類錯誤多指漏掉介詞、多用介詞或介詞與其他詞語搭配的錯誤等。例如: 1. The crowd waiting for to greet them in England was very surprised . 2. He was looking for a glass the cupboard. 3. After autumn arrives，the city loo

10、ks as an old man with leaves . 4. . he can no longer expect others to pay his food, his clothes . 5. On the front door stood a five-year-old boy from across the street. 6. Could you share your experience for us? 7. My mother was a career woman and had her own problems to take care. (七) 冠詞方面的錯誤 這類錯誤多

11、指a(n)與the的誤用，a與an的誤用。有時也表現(xiàn)為:單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前面該用冠詞的地方缺少冠詞，不該用冠詞的地方多了冠詞。例如: 1. An American and a Frenchman decided to cross the sea between France and England in the balloon in 1784. 2. the popular teacher is at same time the one who should be strict with . 3. And if he breaks the law of society ., he may go t

12、o the prison. 4. so we will have plenty of spare time to visit the area and have a fun. (八) 時態(tài)、語態(tài)方面的錯誤 這類錯誤主要為現(xiàn)在時態(tài)與過去時態(tài)、主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的誤用。做題時，應注意把握文中動詞時態(tài)的呼應規(guī)律，注意把握諸個并列動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的呼應規(guī)律。例如: 1. We had guests last night who have not stayed in a B&B hotel before. 2. Today，I got a letter that said I had been admit

13、ting to a college. 3. We hung a sign on the front door that was read: “Were having dinner .” 4. sometimes all that is need is someone to rely on. 5. Ill send my friend Charlie to meet you at the airport when you arrived. (九) 主謂一致方面的錯誤 這類錯誤主要指主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞形式的錯誤。因此做題時，要注意謂語動詞的形式要和句子主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如:

14、1. “I just want to know what the sign say.” 2. Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish. 3. Here are the information about Manchester University. 4. What may surprise you are that Im going to . (十) 短語、句型固定搭配錯誤 主要考查介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞的固定搭配；副詞、動詞的固定搭配；及物動詞后多介詞或副詞以及不及物動詞后少介詞，英語中的一些固定句型與習慣搭配等。 1. My teacher a

15、dvised me to keep my diary. keep a diary是固定搭配，意思是“寫日記”. 2. In my surprise, he did very well in his previous job. To ones surprise 是固定搭配 3. I thought that was dull to watch a game 此題考查it的功能，It + be + adj. + to do為固定結構。 二、解題技巧 想做好“短文改錯”題，不妨試試分成“四步走”，遵循“四原則”，實施“四查法”具體做法如下: (一) 分成“四步走” 1. 通讀全文，了解大意。注意語篇

16、結構和行文邏輯。不能在不了解文章大意的情況下，逐字逐行地進行修改。 2. 先易后難，縮小范圍。在通讀全文的過程中，可以先把文中明顯的錯誤找出來改正，然后再根據(jù)具體語境，仔細分析判斷，將注意力集中在較難的句子上。 3. 把握句意，逐行判斷?？梢罁?jù)“動詞形，名詞數(shù)，注意形和副；非謂動詞細辨別，習慣用法要記?。痪渥咏Y構多分析，邏輯錯誤須關注”的口訣行事。 4. 再次通讀，復查驗證。把大部分錯誤改正之后，如果還有拿不準的地方，就應再次通讀全文，并利用語感來做最后的判斷。 縱觀近幾年的“短文改錯”題，正確的地方只有一處；多詞和缺詞的地方約有3處；用錯詞的地方一般有6個，且多為動詞。這種比例或許也能幫助你

17、做出最后判斷。 (二) 遵循“四原則” 1. 改動處以最少為原則?！岸涛母腻e”題要求每行只能改動一處，改動的方法可以是增詞、刪詞或換詞，但無論作何種改動，只能是增加一詞、減少一詞或把一個詞改成另一個詞。當然，沒有錯誤的行無需改動。也就是說，每行改動之處不能超過一個。 2. 實詞以改變詞形為原則。在“短文改錯”題中，一般只是改變實詞的形式，而不能改變實詞的詞義，也不能將其改換成另一個實詞，更不能隨便增刪。例如: The air keeps the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon . (把keeps改為keeping) Yes, it

18、 is clearly that your life in your country is quite different from . (把clearly改為clear) 3. 虛詞以添加或刪除為原則。歷年的“短文改錯”題中需要添加或刪除的地方差不多有3至4處。這些需要添、刪的詞一般都是虛詞(如冠詞、介詞等)，不是實詞(如動詞、名詞等)，否則會改變句子的原意。例如: They did not want breakfast because that they were going out early . (刪去that) He was looking for a glass the cupbo

19、ard. (the前面加in) 4. 以保持句子原意不變?yōu)樵瓌t。做“短文改錯”題時，一般不應改變句子原意。改錯時，應該針對短文中的用詞錯誤、語法錯誤、邏輯錯誤加以改正，不應更改作者的原意。做到換詞不改意，加詞不增意，去詞不減意。如有多種改法，應以保持原意為條件，擇其佳者而從之。例如： But I have spent most my money, so I cannot 改正：在my前加of。也有同學去掉most，這種改法雖改正了語法錯誤，但改變了原意。作者想說的是“花掉了大部分的錢，而不是全部”。 (三) 實施“四查法” 1. 左顧右盼查名詞?？忌鷳⒁馑褜っ~之前及其本身出現(xiàn)的錯誤，還要看

20、該名詞前面是否缺限定詞、該用何種限定詞，尤其要查名詞前冠詞的使用情況。當名詞前面有形容詞修飾時更要加倍注意。例如: Your knowledges of Greece can help the whole class. (把knowledges改為knowledge) 2. “語(態(tài))”、“時(態(tài))”俱進查動詞?？忌鷳J真分析動詞時態(tài)、語態(tài)的使用是否正確，尤其要根據(jù)上下文所提供的時間信息，仔細推敲，從而選用正確的動詞時態(tài)形式。例如: (2006天津) I gained so much confidence that I go back to school . (把go改為went) 3. 啟承

21、轉合查連詞。若要使文章結構嚴謹，應在文中使用各種啟承轉合的連詞。這些連詞能使文章在結構上和意義上通順流暢。例如: It started to rise higher again. So it was still too close to the water. (把So改為But) 4. 文通理順查邏輯?！拔耐ā敝感形暮虾跤⑽脑~法、句法；“理順”指行文邏輯符合人們普遍認可的道理。例如: (NMET 2006) The air keeping the balloon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was coming up. (把第二個up改為do

22、wn) 總之，要想做好“短文改錯”題，除了掌握上面講的原則、做法、步驟之外，平時還要加強語言基礎知識的學習，多做有針對性的訓練。I. 重點詞匯1. prefer v. (preferred/preferring)更喜歡，選擇某事物(而不選擇其他事物)經(jīng)典例句1). I prefer dogs to cats. 貓狗之中我更喜歡狗。2). I prefer speaking the truth to lying. 我寧愿講實話而不愿說謊。3). Would you prefer that we put off our wedding till next mouth? 你是否更愿意把我們的婚禮推遲

23、到下個月?重點用法 prefer sth./doing prefer A to B prefer doing A to doing B prefer (sb.) to do (rather than do) prefer that-clause練習 中譯英1). 比起乘坐擁擠的公共汽車，他寧愿騎自行車。_ _ 2). 瑪麗更愿意我在外面等她。_Keys: 1). Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 2). Mary prefers me to wait for her outside.2

24、. persuade v. 說服;勸說經(jīng)典例句1). We persuaded him to take the job / into taking the job. 我們說服他接受這份工作。2). My mother finally persuaded me not to go to the party / out of going to the party. 媽媽最終說服我不參加這次聚會。3). How can I persuade you of my sincerity?我如何能讓你相信我是真誠的?4). I am almost persuaded that he is honest. 我

25、幾乎相信了他是誠實的。重點用法 persuade sb. to do sth.= persuade sb. into doing sth. 說服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth. = persuade sb. out of sth./doing sth. 勸阻某人做某事persuade sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事persuade that-clause 使某人相信.練習 中譯英1)他正試圖說服他的朋友放棄抽煙。2) 我們使亨利相信是他錯了。3) 我?guī)缀跸嘈潘钦\實的。Key：1) He is trying to persuade his friends

26、 to give up smoking. 2) We persuaded Harry that he was wrong. 3)I am almost persuaded of his honesty.3. insist v. 堅持經(jīng)典例句 You can come back later, if you insist. 如果你一定要堅持，你就稍后再來吧。重點用法insist on/upon sth./( sbs) doing 堅持某事/要求(某人)做某事I still insist on my viewpoint. 我仍然堅持我的觀點。He insisted on paying for the

27、 meal. 他堅持要付飯錢。Mother insisted on our washing the clothes by ourselves. 媽媽堅決要求我們自己洗衣服。練習 選擇填空1). The man insisted _ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding2). I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A. has been sent for B. sends for C. will b

28、e sent for D. be sent for3). Some people insisted that the person _ a thief and insisted that he _ to the police station. A. was; be taken B. was, would be taken C. should be; should be taken D. be; be takenKeys: 1). C 2). D 3). A4. determinev. 決定;確定;下定決心經(jīng)典例句 1). Attitude determines everything. 態(tài)度決定

29、一切。2). We determined to go to the railway station at once. 我們決定立刻去火車站。3). I wonder what determined her to marry him in the end. 我想知道是什么使她最終下決心嫁給他的。4). The court determined that the man was guilty of robbery. 法庭裁定那個人犯了搶劫罪。重點用法determine on/upon (doing) sth. determine + n. determine to do sth. determin

30、e sb. to do sth. 使某人下定決心做某事determine + that-clause adj. be determined to do sth.練習 中譯英1). 你決定好暑假做什么了嗎?_2). 她決心要上哈佛大學。_Keys: 1). Have you determined what to do in the summer holidays? 2).She was determined to go to Harvard University.II. 重點詞組1. care about 關心，在乎經(jīng)典例句1). The only thing he cares about is

31、 money. 他唯一在乎的東西就是金錢。2). Family members should always care about each other. 一家人應該互相關心。短語歸納 care for 喜歡(多用于否定、疑問句);照顧I dont care for coffee. 我不喜歡喝咖啡。Could you help care for my child when I am out?我外出時能幫忙照顧下我的孩子嗎?練習 中譯英1). 她關心的只是她的社交活動。_2). 他深深地愛著她。_Keys: 1). All she cares about is her social life. 2

32、). He cares for her deeply.2. give in 屈服，讓步，投降;上交經(jīng)典例句1). Seeing that he could not persuade me, he had to give in (to my view). 由于無法說服我，他不得不認輸。2). Its time to give in your examination papers. 到了交試卷的時間了。短語歸納give in (to sb./sth.) 向讓步give up sth./doing 放棄(做)某事give away 贈送;泄露give back 歸還;恢復give off 放出，散發(fā)

33、(光、熱、煙、氣味等)give out vt. 分配;分發(fā);發(fā)布vi.(食物，燃料，電力等)用光;筋疲力盡練習用give 構成的短語的適當形式填空。1). When will the food supplied of our enemy_.2). He intended to_ a large amount of money to the Project Hope.3). Because of his low salary, he had to _ his dream trip to Europe.Keys: 1). give out 2). give away 3). give up 3.

34、change ones mind 改變主意make up ones mind (to do) 下定決心(做某事)經(jīng)典例句1). Maybe youll change your mind after thinking it over. 也許你仔細考慮之后會改變主意。2). I have made up my mind to leave, and nothing you say will change it. 我已經(jīng)下定決心，不管你說什么我都不會改主意了。短語歸納與mind 有關的常用短語read ones mind 看出某人的心思keep ones mind on 專心于bear/keep st

35、h. in mind 記住某事bring/call sth. to mind 回憶某事練習 中譯英1). 我決心當醫(yī)生。_2). 任何事情都不能使我改變主意。_Keys: 1). Ive made up my mind to be a doctor. 2). Nothing will make me change my mind.III. 重點句子1. It was my sister who/that first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River. 首先想到沿湄公河騎車旅游的是我姐姐。解釋 強調句型It is/was +

36、被強調部分+ that/who + 其余部分。被強調部分可以是原句的主語、賓語、狀語、從句。強調主語：It is the ability to do the job that matters, not where you come from or what you are. 關鍵是你的工作能力而不是你從哪來或你是誰。強調賓語：It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 我把這張票給了麥克。強調時間狀語：It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour

37、hand was made. 大約600年前，第一個有鐘面和時針的鐘誕生了。強調地點狀語：It was in Brooklyn that Beckham first met Victoria, so they named their first son Brooklyn. 布魯克林是貝克漢姆和維多利亞第一次相遇的地方，所以他們給第一個兒子取名布魯克林。強調從句：It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him. 醫(yī)生之所以決定為他動手術，是因為他病情危險。練習 中譯英1).

38、我把這張票給了麥克。_2). 醫(yī)生之所以決定為他動手術，是因為他病情危險。_Keys: 1). It was Michael that/who I gave this ticket to. 2). It was because he is in critical condition that the doctor decided to operate on him. 2. She insisted that she (should) organize the trip properly.解釋insist + that-clause insist 意為“堅持要求(做某事)”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣

39、，謂語用should do的形式, should可省略;而insist 意為“堅持認為，堅持某種觀點”時，賓語從句的動詞時態(tài)根據(jù)具體的語境變化，不用虛擬語氣。He insisted that he hadnt made a mistake. 他堅持認為自己沒有犯錯。The bodyguards insisted that the president (should) keep away from the crowd for the sake of safety. 出于安全考慮，護衛(wèi)人員堅決要求總統(tǒng)遠離人群。suggest (建議)，demand (要求)，require (要求)，reques

40、t (請求)，order (命令)等動詞的賓語從句也常用“(should) do”表示虛擬語氣。練習 中譯英1). 我堅決要求你立刻采取行動把事情處理好。_2). 他反應冷淡表明他并不喜歡這個主意。_Keys: 1). I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right. 2). His cool response suggested that he didnt like the idea. 單詞薈萃1_ vi. (使)爆裂；爆發(fā) n突然破裂；爆發(fā)_ (過去式)_ (過去分詞)2_ n污

41、垢；泥土_ adj.臟的；污穢的3_ n休克；打擊；震驚 vt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動 _ adj.震驚的_ adj.令人震驚的4_ n電；電流；電學_ adj.電的；用電的_ adj.發(fā)電的_ n祝賀；(復數(shù))賀詞_ _ vt.祝賀6_ n騎自行車的人_ vt.騎自行車7_ vt.(使)驚嚇，嚇唬_ adj.受驚的；受恐嚇的_ adj.令人恐懼的8_ vt.表示；表達n.快車；速遞_ n表示，表達；臉色. 短語檢測1立刻；馬上2結束；終結3掘出；發(fā)現(xiàn)4考慮得少，滿不在乎5仿佛；好像6嚴重受損；破敗不堪7許多的，大量的8以而自豪. 佳句再現(xiàn)1It seemed _ (仿佛到了世界末日)(as

42、 if)2_ (不是所有的希望) was lost. 3_ (你認為將會發(fā)生什么) before an earthquake？(happen)4_ (他們無論朝哪里看) nearly everything was destroyed. (Everywhere)5But the one million people of the city, _(不重視這些事件的), were asleep as usual that night. (who)單詞點睛1burstvt.&vi.(to explode；to come open or fly apart suddenly or violently)(

43、使)破裂，爆發(fā)；突然發(fā)作【情景記憶】1)burst _ 闖入burst into tears/laughterburst _ crying/laughing 突然大哭/大笑起來(2)burst _ anger/joy 勃然大怒/樂不可支【溫馨提示】burst into與burst out都有“突然進入某種狀態(tài)或發(fā)生某種情況”的意思，但burst into后面接名詞，burst out后面接動名詞。(1)The river _ (沖破河岸) and flooded the village.(2)He blew the balloon _ (爆了為止)(3)He _ (闖進了我的房間) witho

44、ut knocking at the door.(4)They _ (都突然大笑起來) at the expression on her face. (burst out)2ruinvt. (to destroy completely)(使)毀滅；(使) 破產(chǎn)；毀壞 n. 毀滅；(the remains of something destroyed)(常用復數(shù))廢墟；遺跡，殘余(1)_ ruins 一片廢墟bring _ ruin 使毀滅；使沒落fall in/into ruin 成為廢墟(2)ruin oneself 自取滅亡ruin ones health/fame毀壞某人的健康/聲譽【易

45、混辨析】damage，destroy與ruin這三個詞都有“損壞、破壞”之意，具體區(qū)別如下：(1)damage 表示“損害，損壞”，通常指部分性的損壞，往往暗示損壞后價值、效率、功能等會降低，有時用于比喻用法中。如：Smoking will damage your health.吸煙會損害你的健康。(2)destroy 表示“毀壞”， 通常指徹底的毀掉或毀滅， 往往暗示無法或很難修復，有時用于比喻用法中。如：The fire destroyed the building. 大火燒毀了大樓。(3)ruin 表示“毀壞，毀滅”，指徹底的毀壞，破壞的原因通常是自然現(xiàn)象、年齡、疏忽等?，F(xiàn)多用于比喻用法

46、中，在真正具體地摧毀或破壞某座建筑物時，通常不用ruin。如：Any kind of dishonest dealing will ruin his career.任何不誠實的交易都會毀了他的事業(yè)?！净顚W活用】(1)An earthquake _ (使全城到處是頹垣斷壁)(leave)(2)Some prewar constructions were abandoned and eventually _ (成為了廢墟)(3)He _ (現(xiàn)在沒落了), but he has seen better days. (bring)(4)用damage, destroy或ruin的適當形式填空After

47、 the Wenchuan earthquake, many buildings _, but the local people still repaired the _ ones and rebuilt the new ones to keep their hometown from coming to _3shockn(the feeling of distress and disbelief that one has when something bad happens accidentally)休克；打擊；震驚 vt.&vi.(使)震驚；震動；(使)驚愕；使觸電(1)(be)a sho

48、ck _ sb.對某人來說是一個打擊a great shock to sb. 令人震驚的人或事(2)shocked adj. (主語多為人)感到吃驚的，感到驚訝的 be shocked _被震驚be shocked to do sth.做某事很震驚(3)shocking adj. (主語多為物)令人氣憤的，令人驚訝的shock意為“令人震驚的人或事”時為可數(shù)名詞，其前可以與不定冠詞連用。The news of his mothers death was a terrible shock to him.他母親去世的噩耗使他非常震驚?！净顚W活用】(1)If you touch a live wir

49、e, you _ (就會觸電)(2)We _ (都感到震驚) the news of his guilty.(3)_ (多么驚人的浪費) of time！(what)(4)I _ (聽到很震驚) that he had resigned.(5)What she did _ (如此的令人震驚以至于) I can hardly describe it. (shock)4trapvt.(trapped, trapped)使陷入困境；設陷阱捕捉 n陷阱；困境；捕捉器(1)be trapped _ 陷入trap sb. into doing sth. 誘使某人做某事(2)fall _ a trap (b

50、e caught in a trap) 掉入陷阱；落入圈套lay/set a trap (for) 安裝捕捉器，設陷阱；設計陷害，設圈套【活學活用】(1)Some miners _ (被困在地下) after the collapse.(2)By clever questioning they _ (誘使他招認了) that he had done it. (trap)5judgen(one appointed to decide the winners of a contest or competition) 裁判員；法官vt.&vi.(to form an opinion or estimation after careful consideration)斷定；判斷；判決(1)judging _ 根據(jù)來判斷judgesb./sth.by/from 以來判斷as _ as I can judge 據(jù)我判斷，我認為judgesb./sth. (to be)n