淺談動(dòng)詞不定式作定語

1、如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!淺談動(dòng)詞不定式作定語 不定式作定語，一般都是作后置定語，修飾前面的名詞或代詞。一、 不定式與所修飾詞之間的關(guān)系1. 主謂關(guān)系被修飾的名詞或代詞實(shí)際上是不定式的邏輯主語。如：We need someone to help with the work. （someone will help with the work） 我們需要有人來幫忙干這工作。2. 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系被修飾的名詞或代詞是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯賓語。如：I have many letters to write. （to write many letters）我有許多信要寫。1 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔

2、，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!3. 同位關(guān)系不定式與所修飾的名詞指的是一回事。如：We have made a plan to learn from Lei Feng. 我們制定了一個(gè)向雷鋒學(xué)習(xí)的計(jì)劃。4. 狀語關(guān)系被修飾的名詞實(shí)際上表示動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)作的方式、時(shí)間等。這些名詞多是抽象名詞。如：Thats the way to do it. 那樣做才對(duì)。I have no time to go there. 我沒有時(shí)間去那兒。二、 不定式與其所修飾的詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，而該不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，其后須加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，構(gòu)成及物動(dòng)詞短語。 如：I am looking for a room to liv

3、e in. 我正在找一間屋子住。2 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!I need a piece of paper to write on. 我需要一張寫字用的紙。There is nothing to worry about. 沒什么可擔(dān)心的。不定式作定語且所修飾的名詞是time，place或way時(shí)，不定式后的介詞一般要省去。如：He had no money and no place to live.他沒有錢也沒有地方住。三、 當(dāng)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞為不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式主動(dòng)形式與被動(dòng)形式的含義有所不同。試對(duì)比：There is nothing to do. 無

4、事可做。(有無聊感)There is nothing to be done. 不能做什么了。(即束手無策了)There is nothing to see. 沒有東西值得看。There is nothing to be seen. 什么東西也看不見。一、不定式作定語3 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!1作定語的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。如：The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.There is nothing to worry about.Pl

5、ease give me a knife to cut with.Here is some paper for you to write on.但是，不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time, place 或way時(shí)，不定式后面的介詞習(xí)慣上省去。如：He had no money and no place to live (in).We found a way to solve this problem (in).2當(dāng)作定語的不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，不定式既可以用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，也可用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，但其含義有所不同。試比較：Have you anything to send ? 你有什么

6、東西要寄嗎？（不定式to send 的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“你”）4 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？（不定式to be sent 的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是“我”或“別人”）3用不定式作定語的幾種情況：不定式表將來：I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any 等限定的中心詞。如：He was the best man to do the job.He was always the first to

7、come and the last to leave.She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Women and children were the first to get into the lifeboats.5 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!用來修飾的詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常見的有：ability, chance, idea, fact, excuse, promise, answer, reply, attempt, belief, way, reason, moment, tim

8、e 等。如：Do you have the ability to read and write English ?I have a chance to go sight seeing.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語與被修飾的詞之間有一定的邏輯關(guān)系。這些關(guān)系常見的有三種。1、不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。He told me he had a composition to write.I want to get something to drink.由上述例句得知，此時(shí)的不定式必須是及物動(dòng)詞。如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，其后就帶一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)或含義上所需要的介詞。如：Will you please bring

9、 me a chair to sit on?6 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!She has nothing to worry about.2、不定式與被修飾的名詞或不定代詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。如：He was the last one to arrive.Is there anyone to take care of the children.例句中的不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語分別是one和anyone。此時(shí)的不定式在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。如：Among the men to take part in the work(=Among the men who are to take part in the work),he is probably the most active.3、不定式所修飾的詞在意義上通常是用于不定式所做某種事情的。如：We have got a new way to kill field mice.I think he will have a chance to go to his hometown. 7 / 8如果您需要使用本文檔，請(qǐng)點(diǎn)擊下載按鈕下載!可以看出，