技能高考英語專題：非謂語動詞作定語的用法

1、非謂語動詞作定語的用法非謂語動詞作定語的用法 一、考點透視一、考點透視 考綱定位和能力要求考綱定位和能力要求: 掌握動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別掌握動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，過去分詞作定語時的區(qū)別 知識內(nèi)涵：知識內(nèi)涵： 非謂語動詞在句中可以充當(dāng)定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞非謂語動詞在句中可以充當(dāng)定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞 具體用法如下：具體用法如下： （一）動詞不定式作定語（一）動詞不定式作定語 1）The car to be bought is for his sister . 2) He is always the first to come and the last to leav

2、e He was the best man to do the job . 3) Do you have the ability to read and write in English ? 表示將來表示將來 被修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有被修飾的詞是抽象名詞時，常見的有 ability chance idea fact attempt belief way promise 等。等。 修飾序數(shù)詞或形容詞的修飾序數(shù)詞或形容詞的 最高級時最高級時 主意事項主意事項 1、不定式作定語永遠(yuǎn)放在所修飾詞的后面。、不定式作定語永遠(yuǎn)放在所修飾詞的后面。 2、不定式和它前面所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓

3、、不定式和它前面所修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓 關(guān)系，又和主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形關(guān)系，又和主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主動關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。式。 例如例如 1）I have a lot of work to do . 2) Mr Smith, do you have something to be typed ? No, thank you . “have sth to do” “主語有某事要去做主語有某事要去做” 如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面如果不定式是不及物動詞，它后面 應(yīng)帶有必要的介詞。應(yīng)帶有必要的介詞。 例例 I have got a chair to sit

4、 on . （二）分詞作定語（二）分詞作定語 1、及物動詞的分詞作定語、及物動詞的分詞作定語 doing（與被修飾名詞之間為主動關(guān)系） being done（與被修飾名詞之間為被動關(guān)系且正在進(jìn)行） done（與被修飾名詞之間為被動關(guān)系且完成） 例如例如1 Do you know the boy standing under the tree? 2 The houses being built are for villages. 3 I dont like the novel written by Mary 2、不及物動詞的分詞作定語：、不及物動詞的分詞作定語： doing（表示正在進(jìn)行）don

5、e（表示已經(jīng)完成） 例如：例如： boiling water boiled water 例如：例如： developing countries developed countries 正在沸騰的水 燒開了的水 發(fā)展中國家 發(fā)達(dá)國家 （三）不定式（三）不定式 to be done， 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞being done 和過去分和過去分 詞詞done作定語的區(qū)別作定語的區(qū)別 例如例如 1The question to be discussed tomorrow is very important . 2 The question being discussed now is very impor

6、tant. 3The question discussed yesterday is very important. 不定式不定式 to be done 表表“被動被動 將來將來” 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞being done 表表“被動被動 進(jìn)行進(jìn)行” 過去分詞過去分詞done 表表“被動被動 完成完成” 二、典型直擊二、典型直擊 1、Laura was away in Paris for over a week .When she got home ,there was a pile of mails _for her. A waited B to wait C waiting D was wai

7、ting 解題思路解題思路1尋找非謂語動詞作定語所修飾的名詞和代詞尋找非謂語動詞作定語所修飾的名詞和代詞 2判斷該名詞或代詞與非謂語動詞之間的主被動關(guān)系判斷該名詞或代詞與非謂語動詞之間的主被動關(guān)系 C 2 The witness _by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight . A questioned. B being questioned. C to be questioned D having questioned 解題思路解題思路1 判斷被修飾名詞或代詞與非謂語動詞之間的主被動判斷被修飾名詞或

8、代詞與非謂語動詞之間的主被動 關(guān)系關(guān)系 2區(qū)分區(qū)分to be done ,being done ,done 時間上的差異時間上的差異 A 3In some language ,100 words make up half of all words _ in daily conversations. A using. B to use. C having used. D used 4 Were having a meeting in half an hour ,The decision _ at the meeting will influence the future of our compa

9、ny. A to be made. B being made. C made D having been made D A 5.Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives, including your own . A change B changing C changed D to change 6.I have a lot of readings _ before the end of this term . A completing B to complete C completed D being completed 解題思路解題思路 找準(zhǔn)題目中的關(guān)

10、鍵詞找準(zhǔn)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞,確定是否為考查不定式作定語的情況確定是否為考查不定式作定語的情況. D B 三，能力突破三，能力突破 解答非謂語動詞作定語的方法解答非謂語動詞作定語的方法: 1，確定考題是否為非謂語動詞作定語，確定考題是否為非謂語動詞作定語; 2，分析被修飾名詞和代詞（通常為空前的名詞）與其非謂，分析被修飾名詞和代詞（通常為空前的名詞）與其非謂 語動詞之間的被動關(guān)系語動詞之間的被動關(guān)系;若為主動，則可選擇若為主動，則可選擇doing ，to do ； 若為被動若為被動 ，則可選擇性，則可選擇性to be done ，being done， done 3，分析時間究竟是過去，現(xiàn)在還是將來

11、，分析時間究竟是過去，現(xiàn)在還是將來; 4，考慮不定式作定語的幾種情況，考慮不定式作定語的幾種情況. 1 The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in some corner . A standing. B to stand. C stands. D stood 2 The airport _ next year will help promote tourism in this area . A being completed. B to be completed. C completed D having been completed 3 With the world changing fast ,we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day . A deal. B dealt. C to deal. D dealing 4 So far nobody has claimed the mon