考研英語真題及答案解析

1、_ 年考研英語(一)真題section i use of englishdirections:read the following text. choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark a, b, c or d on answer sheet 1. (10 points)ancient greek philosopher aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” but _some claims to the contrary,

2、 laughing probably has little influence on physical filness laughter does _short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, _ heart rate and oxygen consumption but because hard laughter is difficult to _, a good laugh is unlikely to have _ benefits the way, say, walking or jogg

3、ing does.although sadness also _ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _ muscular responses.in an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist fritz.1 aamong bexcept cdespite dlike2 areflect bdemand cindicate dproduce3 astabilizing bboosting cimpairing ddetermining4 atransmit bsustain c

4、evaluate dobserve5 ameasurable bmanageable caffordable drenewable6 ain turn bin fact cin addition din brief7 aopposite bimpossible caverage dexpected8 ahardens bweakens ctightens drelaxes9 aaggravate bgenerate cmoderate denhance 0aphysical bmental csubconscious dinternal1 / 311 aexcept for baccordin

5、g to cdue to das for2 awith bon cin dat3 aunless buntil cif dbecause4 aexhausts bfollows cprecedes dsuppresses5 ainto bfrom ctowards dbeyond6 afetch bbite cpick dhold7 adisappointed bexcited cjoyful dindifferent8 aadapted bcatered cturned dreacted9 asuggesting brequiring cmentioning dsupposing0aeven

6、tually bconsequently csimilarly dconverselysection ii reading comprehensionpart adirections:read the following four texts. answer the questions below each text by choosing a, b, c or d. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (40 points)text 1the decision of the new york philharmonic to hire alan gilbe

7、rt as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. for the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “hooray! at last!” wrote anthony tommasini, a sober- sided classical-music critic.one poss

8、ible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: alex ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man2 / 31who is capable of turning the philharmonic into “a markedly di

9、fferent, more vibrant organization.” but what will be the nature of that difference? merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. if gilbert and the philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attra

10、ct.21. we learn from para.1 that gilberts appointment hasaincurred criticism.braised suspicion.creceived acclaim.daroused curiosity.22. tommasini regards gilbert as an artist who isainfluential.bmodest.crespectable.dtalented.23. the author believes that the devoted concertgoersaignore the expenses o

11、f live performances.breject most kinds of recorded performances.cexaggerate the variety of live performances.doverestimate the value of live performances.24. according to the text, which of the following is true of recordings? athey are often inferior to live concerts in quality.bthey are easily acc

12、essible to the general public.3 / 31cthey help improve the quality of music.dthey have only covered masterpieces.25. regarding gilberts role in revitalizing the philharmonic, the author feels adoubtful.benthusiastic.cconfident.dpuzzled.text 2as the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy

13、chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. in the third quarter, ceo turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to liberum research. as the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.the decision to quit a

14、senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. for years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive ceo candidates are the ones who must be poached. says korn/ferry senior partner dennis carey:”i cant think of a single search ive done where a board has

15、not instructed me to look at sitting ceos first.”many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. the financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “the traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inver

16、ted,” says one headhunter. “the people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26. when mcgee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingaarrogant.4 / 31bfrank.cself-centered.dimpulsive.27. according to paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred

17、by atheir expectation of better financial status.btheir need to reflect on their private life.ctheir strained relations with the boards.dtheir pursuit of new career goals.28. the word “poached” (line 3, paragraph 4) most probably means aapproved of.battended to.chunted for.dguarded against.29. it ca

18、n be inferred from the last paragraph thatatop performers used to cling to their posts.bloyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.ctop performers care more about reputations.dits safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. which of the following is the best title for the text?aceos: where to go

19、?bceos: all the way up?5 / 31ctop managers jump without a netdthe only way out for top performerstext 331.consumers may create “earned” media when they area obscssed with online shopping at certain web sites.b inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.c eager to help their friends promote q

20、uality products. 32. according to paragraph 2,sold media featurea a safe business environment.c strong user traffic.d flexibility in organization.33. the author indicates in paragraph 3 that earned mediaa invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers. b can be used to produce negative effects

21、in marketing.34. toyota motors experience is cited as an example of a responding effectively to hijacked media.b persuading customers into boycotting products.c cooperating with supportive consumers.d taking advantage of hijacked media.35. which of the following is the text mainly about ?a alternati

22、ves to conventional paid media.6 / 31b conflict between hijacked and earned media.c dominance of hijacked media.d popularity of owned media.text 4the magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. there are also sto

23、ries about newly adoptive and newly single mom sandra bullock, as well as the usual “jennifer aniston is pregnant” news. practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like us weekly and

24、people present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like bullock. according to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. no shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid wit

25、hout a partner to lean on; yet to hear sandra and britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the- clock help) is a piece of cake.its hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because reese and angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understan

26、d that a baby is not a haircut. but its interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood arent in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped gettin

27、g “ the rachel” might make us look just a little bit like jennifer aniston.36.jennifer senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring atemporary delightbenjoyment in progresschappiness in retrospect7 / 31dlasting reward37.we learn from paragraph 2 thatacelebrity moms are a permanent s

28、ource for gossip.bsingle mothers with babies deserve greater attention.cnews about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.dhaving children is highly valued by the public.38.it is suggested in paragraph 3 that childless folksaare constantly exposed to criticism.bare largely ignored by the media.cfail t

29、o fulfill their social responsibilities.dare less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.according to paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is asoothing.bambiguous.dmisleading.40.which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?ahaving children contributes little

30、to the glamour of celebrity moms.bcelebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing. chaving children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.dwe sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.part b8 / 31directions:the following paragraph are given in a wrong order. for questi

31、ons 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list a-g to filling them into the numbered boxes. paragraphs e and g have been correctly placed. mark your answers on answer sheet 1. (10 points)a no disciplines have seized on professionalism with a

32、s much enthusiasm as the humanities. you can, mr menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. but the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in english drop out before ge

33、tting their degrees.c equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. there are simply too few posts. this is partly because universities continue to produce ever more phds. but fewer students want to study humanities subjects: english depar

34、tments awarded more bachelors degrees in 1970- 71 than they did 20 years later. fewer students requires fewer teachers. so, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.d one reason why it is hard to desi

35、gn and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top american universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. many students experience both varieties. although more than half of harvard undergraduates e

36、nd up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.e besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top american universities have professionalised the professor. the growth in

37、 public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic ca

38、reer: as late as third of american professors did not possess one. but the key idea behind professionalisation, argues9 / 31mr menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”so disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the

39、production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. g the subtle and intelligent little book the marketplace of ideas: reform and resistance in the should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. they may then decide to go elsewhere. f

40、or something curious has been happening in american universities, and louis menand, a professor of english at , captured it skillfully.g 41. 42. e 43. 44. 45.part cdirections:read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into chinese. your translation should be written

41、 carefully on answer sheet 2. (10 points)with its theme that “mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book as a man thinking by james allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) allens contribution was to take an assump

42、tion we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. however, allen b

43、elieved that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “why cannot i make myself do this or achieve that? ”part of the fa

44、me of allens book is its contention that “circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) this seems a justification for neglect of those10 / 31in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.this ,however,

45、would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. if circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. in fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring o

46、ut the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a persons early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.section writingpart a51. directions:

47、write a letter to a friend of yours toyour should write about 100 words on answer sheet 2do not sign your own name at the end of the leter. user “l(fā)i ming” instead. do not writer the address.(10 points)part b52. directions:write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. in your essay,

48、 you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, andyour should write neatly on answer sheet 2. (20 points)_年考研英語(一)真題參考答案11 / 311-5，acdba 6-10 cadcb 11-15 bcaca 16-20 bcadb21-25 dbcaa 26-30 ccbdb 31-35 ccbdb 36-40 cbccc41-45 bdcae翻譯：6、 xx 的貢獻在于提供了我們能分擔和揭示錯誤性質(zhì)的假設-因為我們不是 機器

49、人，因此我們能夠控制我們的理想。7、 我們可以單獨通過意識維持控制的感覺，但實際上我們一直面臨著一個 問題，為什么我不能完成這件事情或那件事情。8、 這似乎可能為必要時的忽視正名，也能合理說明剝削，以及在頂層的人 的優(yōu)越感及處于后層人們的劣勢感。9、 環(huán)境似乎是為了挑選出我們的強者，而且如果我們感覺受了委屈，那么 我們就不可能有意識的做出努力逃離我們原來的處境。0、正面在于我們處于這樣的位置，知道所有事情都取決與我們自己，之前 我們對著一系列的限制，而現(xiàn)在我們成了 xx。51. directions:write a letter to a friend of yours toyou shoul

50、d write about 100 words on answer sheet2.do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. use”li ming”instead.do not write the address.(10points)小作文 xx：dear friends:recently a lot of new movies, you concern?12 / 31i recently saw a movie is especially suitable for you.its name is if you are the on

51、e.first of all it has very powerful cast. storyline is very tight.characters language is classic and thought-provoking. but, i most like it because its morals. dear friends, do you to love the understanding of what? love is romantic, is costly, is simple, or plain? i think in this movie can be refle

52、cted. perhaps now we still cant clear love, but love is already brimming with our lives, is a part of life.i want to watch the movie, we can understand a lot. dear friends, do you also see this movie, remember to write and tell me how you feel. miss you!2、directionwrite an essay of 160-200words base

53、d on the following drawing .in your essay ,you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended measing andyou should write neatly on answer sheet2.(20points)大作文 xx：our surroundings are being polluted fast and mans present efforts can not prevent it. time is bringing us more people, and

54、more people will bring us more industry, more cars, larger cities and the growing use of man-made materials.isnt it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going- and why? it makes one think of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker,ive some good news an

55、d some bad news. the good news is that were making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. thein my opinion, to protect environment, the government must take even more concrete measures. first, it should let people fully realize the importance of environmental protection through education. second, much more efforts should be made to put the population planning policy into practice, because more people means more people means more pollution. finally, those