主語從句詳解

1、主語從句詳解、概述在句子中起名詞作用的各種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句.根據(jù)它們在句中的語法作用, 這類從句又可分為主語從句、同位語從句、表語從句和賓語從句 .二、主語從句主要有四類（ 1） 由連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句 :引導(dǎo)詞 that 無含義 /在句中不做成分 / 不可以省 . 例如： That you will win the medal seems unlikely.That you are so indifferent bothers me.That she survived the accident is a miracle.（ 2） 用連詞 whether 引導(dǎo)的主語從句 : wh

2、ether 有含義 （是否 ）/ 在句中不做成分 /不可以省 . 注意：引導(dǎo)主語從句 , 不能用 if, 只能用 whether.例如： Whether we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.Whether she is coming or not doesner too tmmuactht.（3） 用連接代詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句在由連接代詞 who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever 引導(dǎo) 的名詞性從句中

3、 ,其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用 , 擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分 .例如： What you need is more practice. What I want to know is this.Whatever we do is to serve the people.注： whatever / whoever 的功用whatever, whoever 在主語從句中不含疑問意義.它引導(dǎo)主語從句 , 并在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等 .whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who. 要注意和 whatever, whoever 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語 從句的區(qū)別 .Wh

4、oever breaks the law should be punished. （主語從句）（=Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished. （讓步狀語從句）（=No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.）（ 4）用連接副詞 when, where, why, how 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句 （其連接副詞有含義 ,在句中作狀語 .） 例如 :Where we should leave it is a

5、problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic.三、注意點 : it 構(gòu)成的主語從句（ 1）由連詞 that 引導(dǎo)的主語從句 , 在多數(shù)情況下放到句子的后面 , 而用代詞 it 作形式主語 . 例如： That light travels in straight lines is known to all.=It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.When the plane is to take off has not been announced .= It has

6、not been announced when the plane is to take off.（但當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示“的東西”時，一般不用it作形式主語.）錯:It is a book what he wan ts.對:What he wants is a book.另外，需要注意的是，it作形式主語代替主語從句時，要注意和as引導(dǎo)的定語從句的區(qū)別.試 比較：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack.As was reported， the US was under the terrorist attac

7、k.（2）常見用 it 作形式主語的復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)A. It is + 名詞+從句It is a fact that 事實是It is good news that是好消息It is a questi on that是個問題It is com mon knowledge that是常識類似的名詞還有： a pity; a wonder; a good thing ; no wonder; surprise 等.例如： It is a mystery to me how it all happened.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fi

8、sh.It is no surprise that Bob should have won the game.It s a pity that you missed the film.B. It is + 形容詞 +從句It is n ecessary that有必要It is clear that 很清楚It is likely that 很可能It is important that 重要的是 類似的形容詞還有： Strange; natural; obvious; true; good; wonderful; possible; unlikely; quite; unusual; cer

9、tain; evident; worth-while; surprising; interesting; astonishing， etc.例如： It is doubtful whether she will be able to come.It was really astonishing that he refused to talk to you.It is essential that he should be here by the weekend.It seems obvious that we cannot go on like this.It is necessary tha

10、t you （should）master the computer.It is important that a student learn English well.It is likely that a hurricane will arrive soon.需要注意的是，這類主語從句中，謂語動詞很多為（should）+動詞原形”，即要用虛擬語氣.C. It is +過去分詞 +從句It is said that 據(jù)說It is reported that 據(jù)報道It has bee n proved that 已證明It must be pro ved that 必須指出 類似的過去分詞還

11、有： known; estimated; expected; believed; thought; hoped; noted; discussed; required;decided; suggested; demanded; made clear; found out,etc.例如： It is thought that he is the best player.It is estimated that the vase is 2000 years old.It is used to be thought that a new star must be due to a collision

12、 between two stars.It has not been made clear when the new road is to be opened to traffic.It is said that he was killed in the earthquake.D. It seems (happened / appears / doesn matter/makes no differenee / occurred ) that It seems that they will win the game.It makes no difference whether he will

13、attend the meeting or not.It does not matter if I missed my train.It happened that I saw him yesterday.主從練習(xí)1. as much as one-fifth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimateB. The estimatedC. They are estimated D. It is estimated that2. some mammals came to live in the sea is not known.A. W

14、hich B. Since C. Although D. How3. we have achieved is attributed to the guidance of our parents.A. Whoever B. Whatever C. However D. That4. wealthy does not necessarily mean that a man is greedy.A. For the reason that he is B. Just because he isC. The reason of being D. That he is5. Although _ happ

15、ened in this developed country sounds like science fiction, it could occur elsewhere in the world.A. whichB. what C. howD. it6. she had forgotten to take her notebook.A. That occurred to herB. She occurred thatC. To her that occurredD. It occurred to her that7. I am sure that she said is wrong.A. wh

16、ichB. allC. thisD. what8. We lost our way in the forest, and made matters worse was that it was getting dark.A. thatB. which C. itD. What9. or not is still uncertain.A. HescomingB. If he is comingC. That comingD. Whether he csoming10. It _s he blle able to come.A. doubt whether B. doubtful C. doubt

17、itD. doubtful whether11. he is at work in the heart of the big city or at home in the quietsuburb, Dick lsife is tied to machines.A. Whether B. Till C. If D. Unless12. he saw both surprised and frightened him.A. ThatB. WhenC. What D. Which13. is warm sunshine.A. What do we all need.B. What all we ne

18、edC. What we needD. What we all need14. is a pity that he should feel so upset.A. What B. That C. He D. It15. a spoonful of soil can tell us so much about the structure and early history of the moon.A. Remarkable B. Quite remarkablyC. It is remarkable thatD. It is remarkable fact that16. you nominat

19、e will be elected.A. Who B. Whom C. Whomever D. That s17. book you borrow must be returned within a week.A. What B. WhichC. Whichever D. That s18. of us gets home first starts cooking.A. WhoB. WhichC. Whichever D. Anyone1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. That C. Whoever D. Whatever2. It

20、worried her a bit her hair was turning grey.A. while B. that C. if D. for3. When and why he came here yet.A. is not known B. are not knownC. has not known D. have not known4. is no reason for dismissing her.A. Because she was a few minutes lateB. Owing to a few minutes lateC. The fact that she was a

21、 few minutes lateD. Being a few minutes late5. Tom liked to eat was different from .A. That that you had expected B. Whatthat you had expectedC. That what you had expected D. Whatwhat you had expected6. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.do B. That.do C. If.does D. That.does7.It Bob dri

22、ves badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that8.Its uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. if B. that C. whether D. how9. the boy didnt take medicine made his mother angry.A. That B. What C. How D. Which10. we cant get seems better than we have.A. What, what B. Wh

23、at, that C. That, that D. That, what11. you dont like him is none of my business.A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether12. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where13. is going to do the job will be decided by the Party committee.A. That B. Why C. How D. Who14. wel

24、l finish translating the book depends on the time.A. When B. Why C. What D. That15. he wont go there is clear to all of us.A. How B. What C. Why D. This16. the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.A. If B. Where C. That D. What17. you come or not is up to you.A. What B. If C. W

25、hy D. Whether18. makes mistakes must correct them.A. Who B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Anybody19. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. That C. If D. How20. Who is this factory some foreign friends visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one21.Is this factoryyou vi

26、sited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one22.leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D.Who表語從句1、概述用作表語的從句叫作表語從句 , 它位于主句中的連系動詞之后 .引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有從屬連 詞 that、whether 、 as though（if） ；關(guān)系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever,

27、 whichever 等；關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等 .可以接表語從句的連系動詞由 be, look, remain, seem 等 .That 引導(dǎo)表語從句時 , 在口語中 , 間 或可以省略 .The trouble is that we are short of money. 困難是我們資金短缺 .That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. 這就是為什么在新 英格蘭用石頭墻而不用柵欄的原因 .

28、At that time, it seemed as if I couldnt think of the right word anyhow.當(dāng)時 ,我似乎怎么也想不出一個恰當(dāng)?shù)淖盅蹃?.2、由從屬連詞 that, whether 引導(dǎo)的表語從句 .that 在引導(dǎo)表語從句時無詞義 , 而 whether 有詞義 , 意為、 “是否 ”.這時主句的主語常常是些 抽象名詞,女口 question（問題），trouble（麻煩）,problem（問題）,result（結(jié)果）,chanee（可能性）, suggestion（建議）,idea（想法）,reason（理由）等.表語從句對主句主語進行說明

29、、解釋，使主語的內(nèi)容具體化 .The trouble is （that） she has lost his money. 麻煩的事是他丟了錢 .The question is whether we need more ice cream. 問題是我們是否還需要一些冰淇淋 .The problem was that it was too valuable for everyday use. 問題是它作為日常之用太貴重了 . What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in herel

30、ssons. 我們不能理解越來越少的學(xué)生對他的課不感興趣 .3、由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.關(guān)系代詞 who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 等引導(dǎo)表 語從句 , 在句中作主語、賓語、表語 , 關(guān)系代詞不能省略 .The question is which of us should go. 問題是我們哪一個應(yīng)該去 .The problem was who could do the work. 問題是誰能做這項工作 .Thats what he is worrying about. 那就是他在擔(dān)心的

31、事 .Thats what we should do. 那是我們應(yīng)該做的 .4、由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句.Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 去把雨衣拿來 .就在你原來放的地方 .I had n either a rain coat noran umbrella. That s why I 我0們既沒傘也沒雨衣 ,這是我們淋濕的原因 .That is how mice ruin many stores of grain every year. 那就是老鼠是怎樣每年損害大量糧食的 .That is what he is worried abo

32、ut. 那就是他所擔(dān)心的 .5、由連詞 because, as if/as though 等引導(dǎo)的表語從句 .It looked as if it was going to snow. 看起來好像要下雪了 .Thats because we never thought of it. 這是因為我們從未想過此事 .It seems as if he didn t know the a好像他不知道答案 .可以接表語從句的系動詞有：1：be（being,been,am,is,are,was,were）2: feel , seem , look, appear ,sound,taste , smell3

33、: stand , lie , remain ,keep, stay4: become ,get , grow , turn ,go ,come, run,fall5: prove, turn out系動詞的固定搭配 :come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild 連接詞： that / whether /as if /asthough （if 不引導(dǎo)表語從句 ）連接代詞： who / whom / whose / which/ what連接副詞： when / where / why / how /because

34、注：引導(dǎo)表語從句的連詞 that 間或可以省略 .The truth is （that）I didnt go there. 事實是我沒去那兒 .考題 1 The traditional view is we sleep because our brain is“programmed” to make us do so.A. when B. why C. whether D. that答案 D解析 下劃線處之后是包含一個原因狀語從句的表語從句 , 如果看不出它是 充當(dāng)整個句子結(jié)構(gòu)的表語從句將難以把握整個句子的意思 .因此 , 應(yīng)選擇可引導(dǎo)名詞 性從句且不充當(dāng)任何成分的 that.考題 2 You

35、 are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is I disagree.A. why B. where C. what D. how答案 B解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)系動詞 is 后的表語從句并在該表語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語（“disagree屬于不及物動詞 ,“I disagree本身是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu) ）,下劃線 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞 where, 表語從句 “where I disagree 的”意思是 “我不同意之處、 我不同 意的地方 ”.考題 3 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

36、 Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. what D. where答案 A解析 下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)與系動詞 is 連用的表語從句并在該表語從句中 充當(dāng)原因狀語，下劃線應(yīng)填入表示因此”（指因某種原因所造成的結(jié)果）的引導(dǎo)詞 why.考題 4 she couldn t understand was fewer and fewer students showedinterest in her lessons.A. What; why B. That; what C. What; because D. Why; that答案 A解析 第一個下

37、劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)賓語,特指她所不理解的事情 , 應(yīng)填入關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞 what ； 第二個下劃線處表示 “因此 ”（指因某種原因所造成的后果 , 由 why 引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句 ）而不是 “為 什么 ”（指原因、 理由 , 由 because 引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句 ）, 應(yīng)填入引導(dǎo)詞 why.考題 5 made the school proud was more than 90% of the students hadbeen admitted to key universities.A. What; because B. What; thatC. That

38、; what D. That; because答案 B解析 第一個下劃線處的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)主語從句并在該主語從句中充當(dāng)主語,特指令校方驕傲的事情 , 應(yīng)選用關(guān)系代詞型的引導(dǎo)詞 what； 第二個下劃線處引導(dǎo)表 語從句表示原因、 理由, 應(yīng)由 that 引導(dǎo)對應(yīng)的名詞性從句 .s game?考題 6 Are you still thinking about yesterday Oh, that s .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel e

39、xcited答案 A解析 A 選項的意思是 “令我感覺激動的事物 ”； B 選項的意思是 “我覺得激 動的任何事物 ”； C 選項的意思是 “我對它感覺的方式 ”； D 選項的意思是 “令我感覺 激動的時間”四個選項中A最適合跟代表“game的主語that對應(yīng)，充當(dāng)表語從句表語從句與賓語從句的關(guān)系不屬于的賓語從句和表語從句都屬于名詞性從句.其作用跟名詞在句中的作用相同.故充當(dāng)賓語的句子叫賓語從句 ， 充當(dāng)表語的句子叫表語從句 .賓語從句（1） 對于賓語從句要掌握以下三點 語序 : 從句的語序必須是陳述句語序 ， 即“主語 + 謂語”這種形式 . 時態(tài) : 當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時的時候，

40、 從句可以是任何時態(tài) ， 而當(dāng)主句是一般過去時的時候 ， 從句 ， 從句時態(tài)必須是過去時范圍的時態(tài) ， 即（一般過去 時 ， 過去進行時 ， 過去完成時 ， 過去將來時 ）. 連接詞 : 當(dāng)從句意思完整 ， 主句意思肯定時 ， 連接詞用 that， 且可以省去 ， 當(dāng)從句意思完整 ， 主句意思不確定或含否定含意時 ， 常用 if 或 whether（ 是否 ）， 當(dāng)從句意思 不完整時 ， 連接詞則是代替不完整部分的特殊疑問詞.表語從句在句子中起表語作用的從句叫做表語從句， 位于主句系動詞的后面.表語從句的引導(dǎo)詞和主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞相同.也是名詞性從句的一種.如： What the police

41、want to know is when you enred red the room 警察想知道的是 你什么時候進的房間 .The The trouble is that we are short of funds 困難是我們?nèi)狈Y金 .This This is what we should do 這是我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做的 .That” s s why I want you to work there 那就是我要你在那兒工作的原因 .His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一個問題是史密斯先生到了沒有 .注意：從句

42、中的疑問句用正常語序 ， 即陳述語序 .as as if， as though， becau 也可用來引導(dǎo)表語從句 .She She seems as if she had done a great thing 她看起來好像做了一件大事 .It It is because you eat too much 那是因為你吃得太多了 .表從練習(xí)1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. if C. when D. whether2 The reason why he failed is he was too

43、careless.A. becauseB. that C. for D. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s you left itA. whereB. there C. there where D. where there4 The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us

44、.A. thatB. if C. whetherD. 不填6. The reason isI missed the bus.A. thatB. when C. whyD. what7. That is _ _ we were late last time.A. thatB. when C. why D. what8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. whyB. whenC.

45、 whatD. because10. The reason why he hasn t come is .s being illA. because his mother is illB. because of his motherC. that his mother is illD. for his mother is ill111. He was born here.- That is _ he likes the place so much.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. whatB. whereC.

46、 thatD. Whyyour father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are youB. That ； how you areC. How ； that you areD. What ； how you are2. The trouble iswe are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that3. America was was first called “ India ” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. t

47、he place D. there where4. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .A. what it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be5. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What thatB. ThatwhatC. What whatD. Thatwhat6. The energy is makes the ce

48、lls able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. Such1. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week .Is thatyou had a few days off ？A. whyB .whatC. whenD. where2. I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reasoBn. That s whyC. There s whyD. It s how3. See the flags

49、 on top of the building? That was we did this morning.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. what4. - Are you still thinking about yesterdays game?-Oh, that s .A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited aboutC. how I feel about itD. when I feel excited5. What surprised me was not what he said but h

50、e said it.A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB. ifC. whenD. whether2 The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. becauseB. thatC. forD. because of3. Go and get your coat. It s you left itA. whereB. there

51、 C. there where D. where there4 The problem is to take the place of TedA. who can we getB. what we can getC. who we can getD. that we can get5. What I want to know is he likes the gift given by us.A. thatB. if C. whether D. 不填6. The reason is I missed the bus.A. thatB. when C. whyD. what7. That is _

52、 _ we were late last time.A. thatB. when C. why D. what8. She looked she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. asD. as though9. I fell sick!-I think it is you are doing too much.A. whyB. when10. The reason why he hasn A. because his mother is illC. that his mother is ill 11. He was born here.C.

53、what D. becauset com_e_is.B. because of his mother s being illD. for his mother is ill- That is he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why12. That is Lu Xun once lived.D. howA. whatB. where C. that D. why13 your father wants to know is getting on with your studies.A. What; how are you B. That

54、 ； how you areC. How ； that you areD. What ； how you are14. The trouble is we are short of tools.A. what B. that C. how D. why that15. America was was first called “ India ” by Columbus.A. what B. where C. the place D. there where16. China is becoming stronger and stronger. It is no longer .A. what

55、it used to beB. what it was used to beingC. what it used to beingD. what it was used to be17. he really means is he disagrees with us.A. What thatB. ThatwhatC. What whatD. Thatwhat18. The energy is makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such19 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is thatyou had a few days off ?A. whyB .whatC. whe nD. where20had n either a rain coat nor an umbrella I got wet through.A. It s the reason That s whC. There s whyD. It s how21. See the flags on top of the build ing? That waswe did this morning