18-19Module5SectionⅢGrammar——限制性定語從句

1、Section山 Grammar限制性定語從句語境自主領(lǐng)悟先觀察原句后自主感悟1. Ancient China was a placewherestates were often at war with each other.2. But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.3. C on fucius is the philosopher whos ein flue nee has bee n the greatest.4. Mencius believed that the reasorwhy man is

2、different from animals is that man is good.5. Mozi was ano ther teacherwho was very in flue ntial.6. As a result，he spent many years trying to find a state where people would follow his teach in gs.1.3、5句中黑體部分 的引導詞是關(guān)系代 詞，分別在定語從句 中充當定語、主語。2.1、2、4、6句中黑體部分的引導詞是關(guān) 系副詞，分別在定語 從句中充當?shù)攸c、時 間、原因、地點狀語。語法精要點撥在復合句

3、中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。 被修飾的名詞或代詞 叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的后面，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引出。根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句和非限制性 定語從句。限制性定語從句為先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語從句，若去掉，被修飾的主句的內(nèi)容就不完整或失去意義。 這種從句和主句的關(guān)系十分密切，書寫 時不可用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間用逗號分開， 起補充說明 作用，如果省去，意思仍然完整。、關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系 代詞指代在從句中充當?shù)某煞秩宋锞渥又髡Z賓 語表 語定語whoVVVwhomVVthatVVVVVwhichVVVVVwhoseVVVa

4、sVVVVVVl.that和which的用法which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它們在從句中作主語、賓語或表語, which和that在從句中作賓語時可以省略。Please find a roomwhich/that is big eno ugh for all of us to live in.請找一間足夠住下我們所有人的房間。This is the house Which/that) we bought last mon th.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。The man that) we have just seen is a famous writer.我們剛剛看到的那個人是一位著

5、名的作家。Shan ghai is no Ion ger the citythat it used to be.上海不再是過去的那座城市了。名師點津只能用that先行詞是 all, little , few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等詞時而不用當先行詞是序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞which的情修飾時況當先行詞被 the only, the very, the same the right 等修飾時當先行詞既有人又有物時只用which的情況關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which,而不用thatHe is the

6、 very pers on that they are look ing for.他正是他們在找的人。They talked about the things and personsthat they could remember in theschool.他們談論著他們能記起的學校的那些事和人。Some experts thi nk readi ng is the fun dame ntal skills upon which school educatio n depe nds.一些專家認為閱讀是學校教育所依賴的基本技能。2. who和whom的用法who和whom指人，who在從句中可作

7、主語和賓語，whom在從句中作賓語。He is the man Who/whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見到的那個人。Happ in ess and successofte n come to those who are good at recog nizing their own stre ngths.快樂和成功經(jīng)常會眷顧那些善于欣賞自己優(yōu)點的人。3. whose的用法whose既可指人也可指物，在從句中修飾名詞作定語。“ whose+名詞”可 以轉(zhuǎn)化為“ the+ 名詞+ of which/whom ” 和“ of which/whom + the+ 名詞”的形 式

8、。I live next door to a couple whosechildren( = the children of whom) often make a lot of no ise.我隔壁住著一對夫妻，他們的孩子經(jīng)常制造很多噪音。Please pass me the boow hosecover(= the cover of which)is gree n.請遞給我那本綠色封面的書。4. as的用法as引導限制性定語從句僅限于先行詞前面有such, the same等修飾時，as既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中充當主語、賓語等。She is such a n ice girl as w

9、e all like.她是一個我們大家都喜歡的好女孩。She is such a nice girl that we all like her.她是一個如此好的女孩以至于我們都很喜歡她。I bought the samedicti onary as you borrowed.我買了一本和你借的一樣的詞典。(同一類的兩本詞典)I met the samepers on that I saw yesterday.我遇見了昨天我看到的那個人。(同一個人)即時演練1單句語法填空 Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at t

10、he beg inning of the year. The professor who/that/whom you wish to see has gone abroad. This is the woma n scie ntist whose research is known around the world.關(guān)系副詞指代先行詞在從句中充當?shù)某煞謜he n(=介詞+ which)時間時間名詞時間狀語where(=介詞+ which)地點地點名詞或抽象名詞(situation， point， activity，case stage 等)地點狀語why( = for+ which)原因rea

11、s on原因狀語As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be in depe ndent.作為家里最小的孩子，亞歷克斯總是渴望他能獨立的時候。The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere where his employees enjoy their work.公司老板正在盡力營造一個員工們可以在其中快樂工作的輕松氛圍。This is the house wh

12、erehey lived a week ago.這是一個星期前他們住過的房子。名師點津當先行詞是時間名詞、地點名詞或the reason時，一定要注意分析從句的結(jié) 構(gòu)，如果缺少主語或賓語，關(guān)系詞應用which或that，缺少時間狀語或地點狀語 時，才能用when或where。I still remember the day （which/that） we spent together in the city.我仍然記得我們一起在那座城市度過的那一天。即時演練2單句語法填空 She remembers the days whe n she was a girl. There are severa

13、l reasons why we cant do that. Many countries are now setting up national parks where animals and plants can be protected.三、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞只用whom（指人）或which（指物），不可用that。Do you remember the dayon which you joined our club?還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？In the dark stree, there was nt a sin g

14、le persoito whom she could tur n for help.在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。This is the worker with whom my brother has worked for ten years.這就是和我哥哥一起工作了十年的那位工人。名師點津在“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導的定語從句中，確定介詞的原則是：一先、二動、三意義。一先，即根據(jù)先行詞確定介詞；二動，即根據(jù)從句謂語動詞來確定介詞； 三意義，即根據(jù)從句的意義來確定介詞。即時演練3單句語法填空 Scien tists have adva need many theories about w

15、hy huma n beings cry tears none of which has been proved. The n ewly-built cafe , the walls of which are pain ted light gree n , is really a peaceful place for us specially after hard work. This is the teacher from whomve lear nt a lot.語法應用落實I .單句語法填空1. He is the man who/that lives next door.2. The

16、house fell and hurt a woman and her dog_that were just passing by.3. This is the hotel where they are staying during the summer vacation.【導學號：27932027】4. Plato was one of the Greek Philosophers_whose ideas have in flue need Western society.5. I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today.6. The

17、man with whom my father is shaking hands is a policeman.7. By 16: 30, which was almost the closing time, nearly all the paintings had bee n sold.8. A computer is so useful a machine_as we can use everywhere.【導學號：27932028】n .單句改錯1. She spent the whole evening talking about the things and persons which none of us has ever heard of.whichn that2. Tibet is such place that all the people all over the world are dreaming of visiti ng.that f as3. The book that I borrowed it from the library is well written.去掉 it4. The student in that all of the teachers