2021高二英語寒假作業(yè)同步練習(xí)題：過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)

1、1The supplies were _(運(yùn)輸)to the local people immediately the earthquake happened. (根據(jù)漢語意思填空)【答案】transported【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：地震一發(fā)生，這些物資就被送到了當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣衲抢?。根?jù)漢語意思“運(yùn)輸”，可知應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞transport，本句中主語與謂語動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且事情發(fā)生在過去，故為一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。上文已經(jīng)有了were，故填transported。2Joe is proud and _(固執(zhí)的), never admitting he is wrong and always l

2、ooking for someone else to blame. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】stubborn【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：Joe驕傲而固執(zhí)，從不承認(rèn)自己錯(cuò)了，總是去責(zé)備別人。根據(jù)漢語意思“固執(zhí)的”以及上文Joe is proud and可知應(yīng)填形容詞stubborn，作表語。故填stubborn。3He worked hard and _(最終)got a good result in the exam. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】finally【詳解】考查副詞。句意：他努力學(xué)習(xí)，最終在考試中取得了好成績(jī)。分析句子可知，本句為and連接的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，finally意為“最終”

3、，副詞詞性，在句中作狀語，表示最終在考試中取得了好成績(jī)，符合句意。故填finally。4We have an excellent retirement plan and medical _(保險(xiǎn)) as well. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】insurance【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們還有很好的退休計(jì)劃和醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)漢語意思“保險(xiǎn)”，以及上文medical為形容詞修飾名詞，可知應(yīng)填名詞insurance。故填insurance。5Not having _(說服) my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest

4、 lay. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】persuaded【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由于沒有說服我的父母，我沒能上我感興趣的戲劇學(xué)校。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為分詞作狀語，Not having done表示“與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生”，persuade意為“說服”，動(dòng)詞詞性，與句子主語I為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，即我發(fā)出說服父母的動(dòng)作，且說服的動(dòng)作先于謂語動(dòng)詞failed發(fā)生，即沒有說服父母，所以沒能去戲劇學(xué)校，故空格處應(yīng)用persuade的過去分詞persuaded。故填persuaded。6Just as Professor Scotti often puts it,

5、success is ninety-nine percent mental _(態(tài)度). （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】attitude【詳解】考查名詞。句意：正如斯科蒂教授常說的，成功是百分之九十九的精神態(tài)度。分析句子可知，mental意為“精神的”，形容詞詞性，后接名詞，attitude意為“態(tài)度”，名詞詞性，句中指精神態(tài)度，符合句意。故填attitude。7Which one do you _(較喜歡), the blue jacket or the red one? （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】prefer【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：你更喜歡哪一個(gè)？是藍(lán)色的夾克還是紅色的？根據(jù)所給漢語意思，

6、應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞prefer。故填prefer。8In my _(觀點(diǎn)), we should take the strictest measures to ensure the food safety. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】view【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在我看來，我們應(yīng)該采取最嚴(yán)格的措施來確保食品安全。固定搭配in ones view（在某人看來），用名詞view（看法）。故填view。9One of the _(缺點(diǎn)) of our planning is the failure to balance the work and the study. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】shor

7、tcomings【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們計(jì)劃的缺點(diǎn)之一是不能平衡工作和學(xué)習(xí)。在定冠詞the后應(yīng)是名詞在句子中作主語；根據(jù)所給漢語意思，應(yīng)該是名詞shortcoming；“one of意思為“之一”，后接可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此shortcoming應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填shortcomings。20It is difficult for the old to keep up with the rapid _(步伐) of change. （根據(jù)漢語意思填空）【答案】pace【詳解】考查名詞。句意：老年人很難跟上迅速變化的步伐。keep up with the pace of .為固定短語，跟上

8、的步伐。故答案為pace.語法專題（過去完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)）過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)合。表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)被完成的動(dòng)作，常與by，before等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。由“hadbeen過去分詞”構(gòu)成。1過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)有以下三種形式(1)肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 had been done 其他成分。(2)否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 had not been done 其他成分。(3)疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：had 主語 been done 其他成分？疑問詞 had 主語 been done 其他成分？2過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)常用于以下三種情況(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，常與by，bef

9、ore等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用。By the time he got to the school，the first class had been finished.當(dāng)他到達(dá)學(xué)校時(shí)，第一節(jié)課已經(jīng)結(jié)束了。The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came.老師來之前，教室還沒有打掃過。(2)根據(jù)語意可以判斷出動(dòng)作先后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，用過去完成時(shí)。As the assignment had been done，he went on to search the Internet.任務(wù)完成后，他繼續(xù)上網(wǎng)搜索。He did what he had b

10、een told to.他做了別人叫他做的事。(3)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中，若表示過去某一被動(dòng)動(dòng)作時(shí)，用過去完成時(shí)。They said the production costs had been reduced.他們說生產(chǎn)成本已經(jīng)降低了。練習(xí)：11An incredible tree-house restaurant_(completed) by the end of last month and a large crowd of people went there for meals. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been

11、 completed【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)及語態(tài)。句意：一個(gè)令人難以置信的樹屋餐館截止上月底完工了，很多人都去那里吃飯。根據(jù)by the end of last month可知，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)，complete與主語是邏輯被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填had been completed。12That was the first time that she _(invite) to visit the Great Wall. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been invited【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：那是她第一次被邀請(qǐng)去參觀長(zhǎng)城。句型It/This/That

12、was the first time that后引出的定語從句應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)，表示“此事第一次發(fā)生”；從句主語she和動(dòng)詞invite構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故此處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填had been invited。13Many years after the book _ (publish), some people realized that the Shangri-la of the novel was a perfect match for Zhongdian in Yunnan Province, China. （用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子）【答案】was publis

13、hed/had been published【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在這本書出版多年后，一些人意識(shí)到小說中的香格里拉與中國(guó)云南的中甸是一個(gè)完美的匹配。根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)可知，從句用一般過去時(shí)；從句動(dòng)作publish發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作realize之前，所以也可以用過去完成時(shí)。句中主語book與publish之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填was published/had been published。14The earthquake had been _（predict） several months before.（用單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】predicted【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句

14、意：這次地震幾個(gè)月前就有人預(yù)測(cè)過了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)several months before和had been可知，設(shè)空處需填過去分詞和had been構(gòu)成過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，predict的過去分詞形式是predicted。故填predicted。15My friend_(forbid) from going out before I arrived at his apartment. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been forbidden【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：在我到達(dá)我朋友的公寓之前，他被禁止外出。分析句意，邏輯主語和提示詞之間表示被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此處應(yīng)表示“被禁止”。

15、根據(jù)過去完成時(shí)的基本用法：“過去的過去”可知，此處表示“被禁止”發(fā)生于arrived 之前。故此處符合過去完成時(shí)的用法。綜合分析，此處用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)符合題意。故填had been forbidden。16A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who_(trap) in the mountains for two days.（用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子）【答案】had been trapped【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：一位救援人員冒著生命危險(xiǎn)營(yíng)救了兩名已經(jīng)在山中被困兩天的游客。根據(jù)句中主句的謂語動(dòng)詞risked可知，事情

16、發(fā)生在過去，而“被困”發(fā)生在risked之前，故用過去完成時(shí)。定語從句的先行詞是two tourists，與從句的謂語動(dòng)詞trap之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此設(shè)空處應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填had been trapped。17So far, the moon_by man already. (visit) （所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】has been visited【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，人類已經(jīng)探訪過月球了。時(shí)間狀語so far常和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，且the moon和visit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語the moon是第三人稱單數(shù)，故填has been visited。1

17、8Thousands of films_ (produce) all over the world in the last few years.（所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】have been produced【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里全世界產(chǎn)生了數(shù)以千計(jì)的電影。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句中缺失謂語，所以空處需填動(dòng)詞，作謂語，又因句中是在講述過去發(fā)生的事到目前為止有什么結(jié)果，所以時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且與主語是被動(dòng)語態(tài)，故填have been produced。19-My friend whom you met yesterday_ (invite) to give a spee

18、ch at the award ceremony.-So has my sister. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】has been invited【詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：你昨天遇到的那位朋友已被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)陬C獎(jiǎng)典禮上講話。我妹妹也一樣。根據(jù)答語So has my sister.可知，空處謂語動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，因?yàn)槭潜谎?qǐng)，所以空處動(dòng)詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：have/has been done，主語是My friend，單數(shù)，所以助動(dòng)詞需用has。故填has been invited。20When we got there after the accident, we were tol

19、d that the injured _ (send) to the nearest hospital yet. (所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】had been sent【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：事故發(fā)生后，當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那里時(shí)，我們被告知傷者已被送往最近的醫(yī)院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以時(shí)態(tài)是過去完成時(shí)，且主語the injured與send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。故填had been sent。閱讀理解China Forbidden City-traditionally off-limit at nigh

20、t for anyone except emperors and visiting dignitaries (顯要人物）- was decorated with lanterns as China celebrated the end of the Chinese New Year holiday. The complex, home to Chinese emperors for five centuries, was opened at night for the first time since it was reopened as the Palace Museum 94 years

21、ago.The complex and palace walls were illuminated with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court, while the China National Traditional Orchestra and the Peking Opera performed. An image of a treasured scroll called A Thousand Li of Rivers and Mountains was c

22、ast onto the palace roof.Most of Chinas 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in: 2,500 invited guests and 500 people who booked their tickets online. “The 3,000 visitors can show off for the whole year,” one person said on Weibo. When booki

23、ng for the second day opened at midnight, the booking system crashed for more than an hour due to great demand. The free tickets were quickly taken when it reopened. A lively secondary market soon appeared. Scalpers were selling tickets for as much as 9,999 yuan on online trading sites.The Palace Mu

24、seum is now on a campaign to attract more visitors, with its former curator Shan Jixiang saying he wants to make traditional Chinese culture more accessible to the general public. More than 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 8

25、5 percent by 2020 to mark the palaces 600th anniversary . Creativity today has made the Palace Museum younger and drawn traditional culture closer to the public.21What does the underlined word “illuminate”probably mean in Paragraph 2?ACared for.BLit up.CPicked out.DKept safe.22How do most Chinese ad

26、mire the night view of the Forbidden City ?ABy watching TV at home .BBy grabbing free tickets onlineCBy buying tickets from the secondary market.DBy receiving invitation from the Forbidden City.23What will happen in 2020 according to Shan Jixiang?AThe campaign between museums will be better.BCreativ

27、ity will make the Palace Museum younger.CTraditional Chinese culture will be recreated by foreigners.DAbout 85 percent of the palace will be accessible to visitors.24What can be a suitable title of the text ?AA Brief Introduction of the Forbidden CityBDifficulties in Getting Tickets to the Forbidden

28、 CityCPerformances During the Light Show in the Forbidden CityDForbidden Citys First Opening to General Public at Night【答案】21B22A23D24D【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了故宮于94年前重新開放以來，第一次在夜間向普通民眾開放。并且結(jié)合了美麗的燈飾和燈光表演，意向游客展示故宮的皇家感覺。遺憾的是，當(dāng)晚只有3000名幸運(yùn)游客可以親身游覽夜間美麗的故宮。21詞義猜測(cè)題。由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed

29、to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宮殿和宮墻被無數(shù)的紅燈籠和一場(chǎng)旨在于重現(xiàn)皇家感覺的燈光秀所照亮。Illuminated“點(diǎn)亮，照亮”與light up同義。故選B。22細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Most of Chinas 1.3 billion people, however, had to watch the show on television. Only 3,000 people were allowed in一句可知除了3000名幸運(yùn)游客外，中國(guó)13億人口中的大部分將在電視上觀看。故選A。23細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段More tha

30、n 80 percent of the palace is now accessible to visitors, up from 30 percent in 2012. Shan has set a target of 85 percent by 2020 to mark the palaces 600th anniversary .一句可知到故宮600年周年紀(jì)念的時(shí)候，將會(huì)有85%的區(qū)域向游客開放。故選D。24主旨大意題。通覽全文可知，文章介紹了故宮于94年前重新開放以來，第一次在夜間向普通民眾開放。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】做詞義猜測(cè)題時(shí)要利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測(cè)

31、詞義，千萬不能脫離開語境，尤其是要注意劃線詞前后的內(nèi)容。本題第1小題，由后面的with red lanterns and a light show, designed to recreate the feelings of the royal court可知宮殿和宮墻被無數(shù)的紅燈籠和一場(chǎng)旨在于重現(xiàn)皇家感覺的燈光秀所照亮。Illuminated“點(diǎn)亮，照亮”與light up同義。故選B。寫作（改錯(cuò)）假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有 10 處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（），并在其下面寫

32、出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1. 每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2. 只允許修改10處,多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。My father is the person constantly looks for mistakes in other people and thought no one is perfect in the world. His character was created a negative atmosphere in my family. I was the same like my father

33、, so I often felt angry, disappointed, depressed, and alone in school. Fortunately, my favorite book changed this.Before I had read my favorite book I began to seek “good things” in other people. It has complete altered my life. Now I feel happy, I have more friends, I have more trust in people, and

34、 I realize everyone has their own strength! Another important lesson I got from this book is that I should always behave me in a positive manner. Lets admit that we sometimes complain about our situation. Thats not good. “Believing it or not, people dont like to listen to negative opinions.”【答案】1. person后加who/hat2.thoughtthinks3. character后的was刪掉4.the same 后的likeas5.alonelonely6.BeforeAfter7. completecompletely8.happy改為happier9. behave后的memyself 10. BelievingBelieve【分析】這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了作者的父親是一個(gè)經(jīng)常在別人身上尋找錯(cuò)誤的人，他認(rèn)為世界上沒有人是完美的。這樣的性格對(duì)作者產(chǎn)生了消極的影響，但是作者最喜歡的一本書，改變了作者的消極的態(tài)度，使作者以積極的態(tài)度對(duì)待自