topic sentence英語(yǔ)主題句

1、topic sentence英語(yǔ)主題句講解 主題句是一個(gè)完整的句子，用以概括、敘述或說(shuō)明該段落的主旨大意。每一個(gè)段落只能有一個(gè)主題，全段的其他文字都應(yīng)圍繞它展開(kāi)。主題句通常由兩部分組成，即主題 (topic) +中心思想 （controlling idea）。中心思想的作用是導(dǎo)向 (control) 和制約 (limit) 主題。所謂導(dǎo)向就是規(guī)定段落的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，所謂制約就是限制主題的覆蓋范圍，兩者不可分割。沒(méi)有導(dǎo)向，內(nèi)容就會(huì)離題或偏題；沒(méi)有制約，內(nèi)容就可能超出一個(gè)段落所能容納的范圍。下面的8個(gè)句子都是很漂亮的主題句，其中紅色加粗的文字為主題，綠色斜體的文字為中心思想：1. People can

2、 avoid burglaries（入室行竊） by taking certain precautions. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“防范措施”展開(kāi)段落) 2. There are several advantages to growing up in a small town. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“優(yōu)點(diǎn)”展開(kāi)段落)3. Most US universities require a 550 point TOEFL score for a number of reasons. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“原因”展開(kāi)段落)4. Fixing a flat tire on a bicycle is

3、easy if you follow these steps. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“步驟”展開(kāi)段落)5. There are several enjoyable ways to travel between the US and Queretaro. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“方法”展開(kāi)段落)6. Effective leadership requires specific qualities that anyone can develop. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“品質(zhì)”展開(kāi)段落)7. Industrial waste poured into Pearl River has led to

4、dramatic changes in its ability to support marine life. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“變化”展開(kāi)段落)8. In order to fully explore the wreck（殘骸） of the Titanic, scientists must address several problems. ( 接下來(lái)作者將圍繞著“問(wèn)題”展開(kāi)段落)通過(guò)對(duì)上面8個(gè)主題句的分析可見(jiàn)：段落的主題句對(duì)主題的限定主要是通過(guò)句中的關(guān)鍵詞來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。也就是說(shuō)，中心思想中應(yīng)包含著一個(gè)相對(duì)具體的關(guān)鍵詞（用下劃線(xiàn)標(biāo)出）。對(duì) “具體” 的要求包括兩個(gè)方面：一是要具體到能控制

5、和限制段落的發(fā)展；二是要具體到能說(shuō)明段落的展開(kāi)方法。Exercise BThere is something wrong with the following topic sentences, please rewrite them to make them effective.請(qǐng)找出下面4個(gè)主題句存在的問(wèn)題并進(jìn)行修改。1. My hometown is famous because it is located by Wheaton River, which is very wide, and because it is built near an unusually steep hill c

6、alled Wheaton Hill. 2. Stephen Hawkings physical disability（殘疾）has not prevented him from becoming a world-renowned physicist, and his book is the subject of a movie. 3. Many Americans are buying foreign cars. 4. Hemingways war stories are very good. ANSWERS 1. My hometown is famous for several amaz

7、ing geographical features.主題句只是一種概括性的陳述，不應(yīng)提供具體的細(xì)節(jié)。1這個(gè)主題句的問(wèn)題就在于它包含了太多的細(xì)節(jié)。2. Stephen Hawkings physical disability has not prevented him from becoming a world famous physicist.主題句只能包含一個(gè)中心思想，全段文字都是圍繞著這個(gè)中心思想展開(kāi)的。2這個(gè)主題句包含了兩個(gè)中心思想：becoming a world-renowned physicist同 his book is the subject of a movie。3. Many Americans are buying the Toyota Corolla because of its fuel economy.主題句雖然是一種概括性的陳述，但這種概括不能過(guò)于寬泛籠統(tǒng)，否則讀者就很難確切地把握本段的內(nèi)容。3這個(gè)主題句的問(wèn)題就是過(guò)于高度概括。而同學(xué)們的寫(xiě)作中最常見(jiàn)的也是這個(gè)問(wèn)題。4. Hemingways stories helped create a new prose style by e