[專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料]專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)分類(lèi)模擬375

1、專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)分類(lèi)模擬375專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)考試復(fù)習(xí)資料專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)分類(lèi)模擬375專(zhuān)業(yè)八級(jí)分類(lèi)模擬375PART LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MINI-LECTURESubfields of Linguistics The overlapping interests between the field of linguistics and other disciplines create several 1 of linguistics. . Sociolinguistics Focusing on patterns and 2 in language

2、within a society or community Examining the way people use language to 3 in society and to achieve 4 . 5 Studying language processing and its interaction with 6 mental processes, for instance, studies of childrens language acquisition and SLA . Computational Linguistics Using computers in analyzing

3、languages, stylistic studies and 7 , bringing forth machine translation systems and machines that 8 and produce speech and text . 8 Employing linguistic theory and methods to improve SLA 10 , especially focusing on motivation, 11 , learning style and personality . 12 Linguistics Examining the relati

4、onship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and languages have 13 over time . Philosophical Linguistics Examining the philosophy of language, with one major concern to analyze the 14 of possible word order combinations . Neurolinguistics Studying how language is 15 and represented in

5、 the brain (如需獲取本MP3聽(tīng)力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 1.答案:cross-disciplinary fields聽(tīng)力原文 Subfields of Linguistics Good morning, well continue our talk on linguistics. Last time we have got a general concept about linguistics. The scientific study of language is concerned with as well as the two main branches of linguisti

6、cs: descriptive linguistics and comparative linguistics. With these as workout, todays focus is on the subfields of linguistics. As we know, the field of linguistics both borrows from and lends its own theories and methods to other disciplines. Many subfields of linguistics have expanded our underst

7、anding of languages. Linguistic theories and methods are also used in other fields of study. These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields, namely sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, computational linguistics, applied linguistics, anthropological linguist

8、ics, philosophical linguistics and neurolinguistics. Lets start with sociolinguistics. Sociolinguistics is the study of patterns and variations in language within a society or community. It focuses on the way people use language to express social class, group status, gender, or ethnicity, and it loo

9、ks at how they make choices about the form of language they use. It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society and to achieve positions of power. For example, sociolinguistic studies have found that the way a New Yorker pronounces the phoneme /r/ in an expression s

10、uch as fourth floor can indicate the persons social class. According to one study, people aspiring to move from the lower middle class to the upper middle class attach prestige to pronouncing the /r/. Sometimes they even overcorrect their speech, pronouncing an /r/ where those whom they wish to copy

11、 may not. Some sociolinguists believe that analyzing such variables as the use of a particular phoneme can predict the direction of language change. Change, they say, moves toward the variable associated with power, prestige, or other quality having high social value. Other sociolinguists focus on w

12、hat happens when speakers of different languages interact. This approach to language change emphasizes the way languages mix rather than the direction of change within a community. The goal of sociolinguistics is to understand communicative competencewhat people need to know to use the appropriate l

13、anguage for a given social setting. Next comes psycholinguistics, which merges the fields of psychology and linguistics to study how people process language and how language use is related to underlying mental processes. Studies of childrens language acquisition and of second-language acquisition ar

14、e psycholinguistic in nature. Psycholinguists work to develop models for how language is processed and understood, using evidence from studies of what happens when these processes go awry. Thirdly, computational linguistics. Computational linguistics involves the use of computers to compile linguist

15、ic data, analyze languages, translate from one language to another, and develop and test models of language processing. Linguists use computers and large samples of actual language to analyze the relatedness and the structure of languages and to look for patterns and similarities. Computers also aid

16、 in stylistic studies, information retrieval, various forms of textual analysis, and the construction of dictionaries and concordances. Applying computers to language studies has resulted in machine translation systems and machines that recognize and produce speech and text. Such machines facilitate

17、 communication with humans, including those who are perceptually or linguistically impaired. The fourth subfield is called applied linguistics. Applied linguistics employs linguistic theory and methods to improve overall efficacy in teaching and learning a second language. Linguists look at the erro

18、rs people make as they learn another language and at their strategies for communicating in the new language at different degrees of competence. In seeking to understand what happens in the mind of the learner, applied linguists recognize that motivation, attitude, learning style, and personality aff

19、ect how well a person learns another language. The fifth is anthropological linguistics. It is also known as linguistic anthropology, which uses linguistic approaches to analyze culture. Anthropological linguists examine the relationship between a culture and its language, the way cultures and langu

20、ages have changed over time, and how different cultures and languages are related to one another. For example, the present English use of family and given names arose in the late 13th and early 14th centuries when the laws concerning registration, tenure, and inheritance of property were changed. Co

21、ming up next is philosophical linguistics. Philosophical linguistics examines the philosophy of language. Philosophers of language search for the grammatical principles and tendencies that all human languages share. Among the concerns of linguistic philosophers is the range of possible word order co

22、mbinations throughout the world. One finding is that 95 percent of the worlds languages use a subject-verb-object (SVO) order as English does (She pushed the table.). Only 5 percent use a subject-object-verb (SOV) order or verb-subject-object (VSO) order. Finally, lets refer to the neurolinguistics.

23、 Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is processed and represented in the brain. Neurolinguists seek to identify the parts of the brain involved with the production and understanding of language and to determine where the components of language (phonemes, morphemes, and structure or syntax)

24、 are stored. In doing so, they make use of techniques for analyzing the structure of the brain and the effects of brain damage on language. With that, we come to the end of todays lecture. Hopefully you have all got a clear idea of these subfields of linguistics, including their different focuses an

25、d functions. Next time well specifically target at applied linguistics and find out how this branch benefits SLA learners. Thank you for your attention. 考點(diǎn) 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文These overlapping interests have led to the creation of several cross-disciplinary fields.可知，多種學(xué)科的重疊部分造成了多種跨學(xué)科領(lǐng)域的出現(xiàn)，所以本題答案為cross

26、-disciplinary fields。 2.答案:variations考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在定義解釋處。 演講的主題是語(yǔ)言學(xué)的分支，演講者首先談?wù)摿松鐣?huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)，根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究某一社會(huì)或團(tuán)體中語(yǔ)言的模式和變異，故空白處應(yīng)填variations。 3.答案:negotiate their roles考點(diǎn) 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文It also examines the way people use language to negotiate their roles in society.可知，社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究人們?nèi)绾芜\(yùn)用語(yǔ)言來(lái)演繹他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的角色，因此本題答案為negot

27、iate their roles。 4.答案:positions of power考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在遞進(jìn)關(guān)系處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究人們?nèi)绾芜\(yùn)用語(yǔ)言來(lái)演繹他們?cè)谏鐣?huì)中的角色并實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的權(quán)力地位，故答案為positions of power。 5.答案:Psycholinguistics考點(diǎn) 本題考點(diǎn)設(shè)在分論點(diǎn)處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文Next comes psycholinguistics.可知，演講者討論的語(yǔ)言學(xué)的第二個(gè)分支是心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)，因此本題答案為Psycholinguistics，注意該空位于句首，首字母須大寫(xiě)。 6.答案:underlying考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在定義解釋處。 演講

28、者指出心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)將心理學(xué)和語(yǔ)言學(xué)結(jié)合在一起，根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究個(gè)體如何運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言以及語(yǔ)言的使用如何與潛在的心理過(guò)程聯(lián)系起來(lái)，故答案為underlying。 7.答案:information retrieval考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在列舉處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，計(jì)算機(jī)語(yǔ)言學(xué)利用計(jì)算機(jī)協(xié)助文體研究、信息檢索、不同形式的文本分析、詞典及索引編制等，故空白處應(yīng)填information retrieval。 8.答案:recognize/distinguish考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在定語(yǔ)從句處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，計(jì)算機(jī)在語(yǔ)言研究上的應(yīng)用使得機(jī)器翻譯系統(tǒng)以及能識(shí)別并生成語(yǔ)音和文本的機(jī)器應(yīng)運(yùn)而生，故答案為

29、recognize或其同義詞distinguish。 9.答案:Applied Linguistics考點(diǎn) 本題考點(diǎn)設(shè)在分論點(diǎn)處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，演講者討論的第四個(gè)語(yǔ)言學(xué)分支是應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)，因此本題答案為Applied Linguistics，此外根據(jù)語(yǔ)境每個(gè)詞首字母均須大寫(xiě)。 10.答案:efficacy考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在定義解釋處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)理論與方法來(lái)提高第二語(yǔ)言習(xí)得的整體效率，故答案為efficacy。 11.答案:attitude考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在列舉處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)通過(guò)識(shí)別學(xué)習(xí)者的動(dòng)機(jī)、態(tài)度、學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格以及其個(gè)性對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的影響，從而

30、弄清楚學(xué)習(xí)者的思想狀態(tài)，故空白處應(yīng)填入attitude。 12.答案:Anthropological考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在分論點(diǎn)處。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，演講者討論的語(yǔ)言學(xué)的第五個(gè)分支是人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言學(xué)，故答案為Anthropological。注意此處首字母要大寫(xiě)。 13.答案:changed考點(diǎn) 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家主要研究文化與語(yǔ)言的關(guān)系以及文化與語(yǔ)言隨著時(shí)間不斷變化的方式等，因此本題答案為changed。 14.答案:range考點(diǎn) 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。 演講者談?wù)摰牡诹鶄€(gè)分支是philosophical linguistics，即哲學(xué)語(yǔ)言學(xué)，根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，語(yǔ)言哲學(xué)家

31、關(guān)注的是世界上可能存在的語(yǔ)序組合范圍，故答案為range。 15.答案:processed考點(diǎn) 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在定義解釋處。演講者談?wù)摰淖詈笠粋€(gè)分支是neurolinguistics，即神經(jīng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)，根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，神經(jīng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)研究語(yǔ)言是如何被處理并呈現(xiàn)在大腦中的，故答案為processed。SECTION B INTERVIEW (如需獲取本MP3聽(tīng)力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 1.A.Three months.B.Almost a year.C.Half a year.D.Three years.答案:B聽(tīng)力原文 (IInterviewer; KMiles Kimball) I: For almost

32、a year, economists at the University of Michigan have been asking Americans about their happiness for the schools widely quoted monthly measure of consumer confidence. Tonight on our show, we have Miles Kimball, an economics professor at Michigan. He says only results from the first three months hav

33、e been analyzed so far. We asked him how all this works, language-wise. Good evening, Professor Kimball, Im so glad to have you here. K: Its my pleasure. Thank you for inviting me on the show. I: Professor Kimball, could you please tell us specifically what you and your research group did? K: What w

34、e did was we added to the survey of consumers the following question: Now think about the past week and the feelings youve experienced. Please tell me if each of the following was true for you much of the time this past week: You were happy. You felt sad. You enjoyed life. You felt depressed. And pe

35、ople are asked to give yes-no answers to each of those four questions. That takes only about forty-five seconds for people to answer that, so its quite quick. I: Why would you want to know the answers to these questions? K: Well, actually maybe I could explain how this relates to language because I

36、think that answers the question, too. So, in most languages, the word for happiness is related to the word for good luck. And in English, for example, we have the word happenstance or this archaic phrase as happy has it, which are both about luck and things that happen by chance. And so that meaning

37、 of happiness ends up meaning something like having a good life or the outcome of good fortune. And its important to realize this is a different meaning of happiness than just how you feel. Theyre obviously related, and thats importantrelated but different. One of the striking facts about happiness

38、in the sense of how you feel is that it tends to go back to normal pretty fast. I: And what have you found so far? K: So we found this in our data after-in peoples reaction after Hurricane Katrina. So we measured the happiness of people across the countryso almost none of these people are those who

39、are directly affected by the hurricane, and yet their happiness dipped down for a week or two. And then it came back to normal. So its not too surprising that people would react strongly to Katrina. But then that becomes a measuring rod for other things. How long have the economists been asking Amer

40、icans about their happiness?解析 本題的出題點(diǎn)在主持人的開(kāi)場(chǎng)白處。題干問(wèn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家調(diào)查美國(guó)人民的幸福度有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。聽(tīng)音重點(diǎn)在economists以及asking Americans about their happiness處。對(duì)話開(kāi)頭主持人介紹說(shuō)，近一年來(lái)，密歇根大學(xué)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家一直在調(diào)查美國(guó)人的幸福程度，故B正確。2.A.Im happy.B.I felt sad and depressed.C.I enjoyed my life.D.Only yes or no.答案:D聽(tīng)力原文What kind of answers are people asked to g

41、ive to the four questions?解析 本題的出題點(diǎn)在細(xì)節(jié)處。題干問(wèn)的是Kimball教授及其團(tuán)隊(duì)所提出的問(wèn)題要求人們給出什么樣的答案。Kimball教授說(shuō)對(duì)于那些問(wèn)題，人們只需要回答“是”或者“不是”(give yes-no answers)，所以答案選D。3.A.54 seconds.B.45 seconds.C.40.5 seconds.D.14.5 seconds.答案:B聽(tīng)力原文How long did it take to answer the questions of Professor Kimball and his group?解析 本題的出題點(diǎn)在數(shù)字處。題

42、于問(wèn)的是人們用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間來(lái)回答Kimball教授及其團(tuán)隊(duì)所提出的問(wèn)題。對(duì)話中提到That takes only about forty-five seconds for people to answer that, so its quite quick.即：人們只需要45秒來(lái)回答這些問(wèn)題，時(shí)間很短。故答案為B。4.A.It is an architectural phrase.B.It is an ancient phrase.C.It is an accidental phrase.D.It is an archaic phrase.答案:D聽(tīng)力原文Which of the following

43、 statements is true about the phrase as happy has it?解析 本題的出題點(diǎn)在選擇關(guān)系處。題干問(wèn)的是關(guān)于“as happy has it”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)，下面哪項(xiàng)表述是正確的。對(duì)話中提到.or this archaic phrase as happy has it，即“as happy has it”這個(gè)短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)過(guò)時(shí)的短語(yǔ)。答案選D。5.A.Almost none of these people are directly affected by the hurricane.B.Its surprising that people would reac

44、t strongly to Katrina.C.Their happiness dipped down for a month or two.D.Their happiness didnt come back to normal.答案:A聽(tīng)力原文Which of the following statements about peoples reaction to Katrina is true?解析 本題的出題點(diǎn)在細(xì)節(jié)結(jié)果處。題干問(wèn)的是關(guān)于人們對(duì)颶風(fēng)Katrina的反應(yīng)，下列哪項(xiàng)表述是正確的。對(duì)話中提到：“幾乎沒(méi)有人直接受到颶風(fēng)的影響，但他們的幸福指數(shù)持續(xù)下降了一兩周，之后很快又回到正常水平。

45、”因此人們對(duì)颶風(fēng)Katrina反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈，這一點(diǎn)都不令人驚訝，因此可排除B、C、D，答案選A。 (如需獲取本MP3聽(tīng)力錄音請(qǐng)搜索標(biāo)題名) 6.A.English Literature.B.Computer.C.Business Administration.D.Finance.答案:C聽(tīng)力原文 W: Good morning, Mr. Smith. Have a seat, please! M: Thanks a lot. W: OK, next lets get down to the business. What is your major? M: My major is Business

46、Administration. I am especially interested in Marketing. W: Marketing? Nice! That perfectly suits our qualifications. Have you received any degrees? M: Yes. First, I received my Bachelors degree in English Literature, and then an MBA degree. W: That sounds you did a good job in your university. Do y

47、ou feel that you have received a good general training? M: Yes, I have studied in an English training program and a computer training program since I graduated from university. I am currently studying Finance at a training school. W: Your resume says that you have had one-year experience working in

48、a foreign representative office in Shanghai, may I ask why you left? M: I worked in a foreign rep. office for one year. However, I left there two years ago because the work they gave me was rather dull. I found another job that is more interesting. W: You mean you couldnt work to live, you enjoy wha

49、tever you do, right? M: Yes, I will love whatever I do. W: But, does your present employer know you are looking for another job? M: No, I havent discussed my career plans with my present employer, but I am sure he will understand. W: If you believe you are a good fit for the position, please talk ab

50、out what kind of personality you think you have. M: I always approach things very enthusiastically. When I begin something, I dont like to leave it half-done. I cant concentrate on something new until the first thing is finished. W: And what are your personal weaknesses? M: Im afraid Im a poor talke

51、r. Im not comfortable talking with the people whom I have just met for the first time. That is not very good for business, so I have been studying public speaking. W: It is very difficult for somebody to see ones own weakness. Are you more of a leader or a follower? M: I dont try to lead people. Id

52、rather cooperate with everybody, and get the job done by working together. Which major did the candidate get for a masters degree? 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，求職者在獲得英語(yǔ)文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位之后，又攻讀了企業(yè)管理的碩士學(xué)位。而電腦和金融是該求職者在培訓(xùn)機(jī)構(gòu)所學(xué)的，并非他本人的專(zhuān)業(yè)，因此C為正確答案。 7.A.He changed his major in his postgraduate study.B.He participated in training

53、programs after graduating from college.C.He had worked at least in two companies before this interview.D.He started working in a foreign representative office two years ago.答案:D聽(tīng)力原文 Which of the following statements about Mr. Smiths background is INCORRECT? 本題考查重要細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，史密斯先生讀本科時(shí)的專(zhuān)業(yè)是英國(guó)文學(xué)，而讀研究生時(shí)

54、的專(zhuān)業(yè)是工商管理，由此可以推出，他讀研時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)專(zhuān)業(yè)了，所以排除A；根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，自從大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后史密斯先生就參加了英語(yǔ)和計(jì)算機(jī)的培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目，由此排除B；根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，史密斯先生曾經(jīng)在一家外企駐上海的代表處工作過(guò)一年，離職后找到了另外一份有趣的工作，由此可以推出，此次面試前他至少在兩家公司工作過(guò)，故排除C。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，史密斯先生是在兩年前離開(kāi)那家外企駐上海的代表處，結(jié)合聽(tīng)力原文可知，他應(yīng)該是在三年前開(kāi)始在這家公司工作的，因此D為正確答案。 8.A.Because the working environment was poor.B.Because the job was boring.C

55、.Because the pay was rather low.D.Because he disliked his employer.答案:B聽(tīng)力原文 Why did the candidate leave the foreign representative office? 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在原因解釋處。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，他離開(kāi)那家外企駐上海的代表處是因?yàn)槠涔ぷ鞣ξ?，因此B為正確答案。 9.A.To pursue personal interests.B.To make both ends meet.C.To improve the quality of family life.D.To realize individual value.答案:A聽(tīng)力原文 According to the candidate, what is his purpose of working? 本題設(shè)題點(diǎn)在對(duì)話問(wèn)答處。根據(jù)聽(tīng)力原文可知，求職者不是為了生存而工作，而是享受自己的工作，因此A為正確答案，同時(shí)排除B和C；原文并未提及實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)