高考英語題型分類專題復(fù)習(xí)-閱讀理解

1、閱讀理解題形講與練一、考查形式 閱讀理解是高考英語試卷中的語言運(yùn)用題，旨在檢查高中生在閱讀中的語感：特別是在閱讀過程中獲取和處理信息的能力。 考試說明對閱讀理解的要求做了明確的規(guī)定，閱讀理解部分主要測試考生以下能力： 1，掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意： 2了解用以闡述主旨的事實(shí)和有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)： 3根據(jù)上下文判斷大綱附表以外的某些詞匯和短語的意義： 4既理解個別句子的意義，也理解上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系： 5根據(jù)所讀材料進(jìn)行一定的判斷，推理和引申： 6正確領(lǐng)會作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。二、考查內(nèi)容 閱讀理解?？嫉念}材： 發(fā)展報告，農(nóng)業(yè)報告，經(jīng)濟(jì)報告環(huán)境報告，科學(xué)報告，教育報告，健康報告，新聞科學(xué)，自然災(zāi)害，醫(yī)學(xué)(如

2、瘟疫等疾病)，戰(zhàn)爭，旅游、交通，人物傳記、人物特寫，故事，探索，語言、語言掌故，音樂、體育與娛樂，文學(xué)、藝術(shù)，歷史、考古、文物出土，英語國家的文化習(xí)俗、人口、地理、建設(shè)、歷史、社會、科技等概況。三、基本題形以及解題技巧 1. 基本題型及題形特征基本題型及題形特征主旨大意題主要考察學(xué)生對所讀材料中心思想的概括。其考察形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想或目的大意等； 細(xì)節(jié)理解題主要考察考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的理解。這一題型常見的命題方式有：事實(shí)認(rèn)定題、排序題、圖形辨認(rèn)題、數(shù)字運(yùn)算題； 推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解

3、文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題； 判斷詞義題主要考察考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義能力。要求從句子結(jié)構(gòu)、段落、文章中推斷或根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法推斷詞義。 2. 四大題形的解題技巧 1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題技能 常見的命題方式有： （1）特殊疑問句形式。以when，where。whatwhichwho，how much, many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題： （2）以是非題的形式。true / false. not true/ false或EXCEPT： （3）以According to開頭提問方式： （4）以填空題的形式，如： To avoid attracting mountain

4、 lions, people are advised_. （5）就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。 做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而可采取帶著問題找答案”的方法，先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語，然后以此為線索快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句，對照比較，確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法，將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項(xiàng)排除： 2) 細(xì)節(jié)題干擾項(xiàng)有如下幾個特點(diǎn)： (1)與原文有相關(guān)信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容； (2)符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容： (3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，但在程度上有些變動： (4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反： (5)一半正確，一半錯

5、誤： 細(xì)節(jié)理解題的答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思：有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。值得一提的是，有時原文中的信息可能只是一個短語，甚至一個單詞，因此需要我們在閱讀中特別仔細(xì)才能捕捉到真正有用的信息?？傊?，做細(xì)節(jié)題時要將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細(xì)節(jié)上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右， 自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細(xì)節(jié)出處，待找到含細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容時，就要放慢速度，仔細(xì)核對比較內(nèi)容，直至確定答案。2推理判斷題解題技能 這類題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層

6、次閱讀理解題。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維同時借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。 1) 這種問題的提問方式通常有： (1) From paragraph 4 we can infer that_. (2) We can infer from the text that./What can we learn from.? (3) The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that _. (4) The author implies that by the yea

7、r 2050, _. (5) To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should _. (6) The author mentions the fact that.to show _ (7) This passage would most likely be found in _? 這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。 2) 考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： (1) 深入理解作

8、者在字里行間滲透出來的深層含義, 不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)： (2) 推理的源泉來自于上下文的語境、語氣等： (3) 緊緊抓住所給文章，決不能脫離文章憑空想像； (4) 把握上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，通過分析、綜合、判斷等進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理，決不能以偏概全、見樹不見林。3主旨大意題解題技能 高考閱讀理解對文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行命題，旨在考查考生通過對原文快速瀏覽正確獲取語篇的大意，并對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落、中心思想加以歸納理解以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在閱讀短文時，能夠提煉文章的中心情節(jié)，體會作者的主要意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、

9、中心論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。 1) 主旨大意常見的題干形式如下： (1) What would be the best title for the text?/what is the topic of the text? (2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _. (3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is. (4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _. (5)

10、What is mainly discussed in the text? (6) What is the main idea of the passage? (7) Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph? 2) 從命題形式上看，此類閱讀測試題主要可概括為兩大類， (1) 怎樣理解段落及文章整體的主旨大意 (2) 怎樣擬定或選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。 3) 主旨大意的解題技巧 (1)主題句定位法 文章是由段落組成的。段落是發(fā)展一個主題的一群句子，段落圍繞著中心思想展開，而段落的中心思想又是為文章整體

11、的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找具體段落的中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，通過主題句找出文章的主題。找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是確定文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵。主題是文章要表達(dá)的中心思想，文章的主題句通常都有一個話題，它是文章的核心?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。 但是由于文章的不同，主題句出現(xiàn)的位置也不是一成不變的。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾。因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法(skimming)，瀏覽時，一般不需逐句細(xì)讀，只選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。 文章主題常?？梢酝ㄟ^文章的寫

12、作方法來體現(xiàn)，有以下五種情況：方法特征正方形寫作法中心主題隱含在全文之中，沒有明確的主題句。閱讀這樣的文章，就要求考生根據(jù)文章的細(xì)節(jié)來分析，概括出段落的主題，從而推導(dǎo)出文章的主旨。分析的方法：先弄清該段落主要講了哪幾個方面的內(nèi)容，這些內(nèi)容在邏輯上有什么聯(lián)系，然后加以歸納形成主題。正三角形寫作法中心主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。開門見山，提出主題，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)來解釋、支撐或發(fā)展主題句所表達(dá)的主題思想。即由一般到特殊，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例論證，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段首的寫作方法。主題句一般可在第一句話找到。新聞報道通常就采用這種寫法。倒三角形寫作法主題句出現(xiàn)在文尾。在細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點(diǎn)、印象、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題

13、。這是英語中最常見的歸納法寫作方式，即細(xì)節(jié)表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主題句則常位于末段。圓形寫作法首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方法。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時再次點(diǎn)出主題，這種首尾呼應(yīng)的寫作方式也較為多見。通常，前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復(fù)，后面的往往有進(jìn)一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。菱形寫作法主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。通常前面只提出問題，文中的主題由隨之陳述的細(xì)節(jié)或合乎邏輯的引申在文中導(dǎo)出，而后又作進(jìn)一步的解釋、支撐或發(fā)展。 (2)文章標(biāo)題的選擇或擬定的解題技巧 標(biāo)題位于文章之首，用來高度概括文章內(nèi)容，點(diǎn)明文章主題。它是段落中心思想的最精煉的表達(dá)形式。 它的特點(diǎn)是：濃縮性強(qiáng)，短小精悍，多為一個

14、短語；涵蓋性強(qiáng)，一般要求能覆蓋全文，其確定的范圍要恰當(dāng)，既不能太大，也不能太?。痪_性強(qiáng)，不能隨意改變語言表意的程度及色彩，用詞準(zhǔn)確、不偏不離。那么如何選擇文章的標(biāo)題呢? 要在閱讀原文的基礎(chǔ)上，仔細(xì)考慮這句話或短語與文章主題是否有密切的聯(lián)系： 依據(jù)文章關(guān)鍵詞，再看它對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何： 對比四個選項(xiàng)，先排除兩個，再比較余下的，要考慮標(biāo)題是過大還是過??； 要避免下列三種錯誤： (a)概括不夠(多表現(xiàn)為部分代替整體，從而導(dǎo)致范圍太小)； (b)過度概括(多表現(xiàn)為人為擴(kuò)大范圍)； (c)以事實(shí)、細(xì)節(jié)替代替抽象具體的大意。4詞義猜測題解題技能 1)四類生詞類型： (1) 舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中

15、未出現(xiàn)的詞義； (2) 合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，imperfect等； (3) “靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語境才能正確理解： (4) 超綱生詞。如：大綱之外的和熟詞新意的生詞 猜測詞義不僅是一項(xiàng)閱讀技巧，也是高考閱讀能力考查的一個方面，每年在高考閱讀中都有猜測詞義的試題。掌握正確方法快速而又準(zhǔn)確地猜測出生詞的含義，對提高閱讀速度和答題效率相當(dāng)重要。 2)常見的考查形式： (1) The phrase “” in the sentence could be replaced by _ (2)

16、 The word “” in the paragraph refers to _ (3) What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? (4) What does the unlined word mean? (5) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “” ? (6) The word “” most nearly means _ 3)常見的猜測詞義的方法: (1) 利用構(gòu)詞法 掌握構(gòu)詞法對猜測詞義很有幫助。如：unfores

17、eeable這個詞，可以根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法把它拆成un，fore，see，able：其中see是詞根，fore是“先，前，預(yù)”的含義，un是否定，able是“能的，可的”，因此unforeseeable 是“未能預(yù)見到的”意思。 (2)利用同義近義詞 在生詞所出現(xiàn)的上下文中，有時會出現(xiàn)與之同義或近義的詞語或結(jié)構(gòu)，這時可從熟悉的詞語中推知生詞的含義。統(tǒng)稱在詞或短語之間有并列連詞and或or，這些詞語或短語在句中作相同的成分，并且and或or連接的兩項(xiàng)內(nèi)容在含義上是接近的或遞進(jìn)的，由此確定同等關(guān)系中的某個生詞所屬的義域，甚至推出它的大致詞義。 (3)利用反義詞 利用反義詞來說明生詞的意義，如反義詞hot

18、and cold，perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句為肯定與否定等，在句內(nèi)詞與詞之間，在段內(nèi)句與句之間的關(guān)系上起著互為線索的作用。 (4)利用定義、解釋和例證 有些文章，特別是科技文章，通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞給予定義，我們可以利用定義來猜測這些詞的意思。釋義法就是根據(jù)文章中的字里行間，對生詞以定語(從句)、表語甚至用逗號、破折號等標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號引出并加以解釋說明的方式。 為了說明或證實(shí)，文章中經(jīng)常會舉例，往往用來列舉說明前面較難理解的詞，這些例子可幫助我們猜測生詞。舉例時，常常會用一些連接性的詞，如：such as，like，for example，for instance，tha

19、t is，namely等。 (5)利用上下文語境 任何一篇文章中的句子在內(nèi)容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章 有關(guān)。利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進(jìn)行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進(jìn)而推測詞義，是閱讀過程中的一大關(guān)鍵，這也是近年來高考考查的熱點(diǎn)。 (6)根據(jù)語義轉(zhuǎn)折 有時文章的作者為了增強(qiáng)表達(dá)效果，會用一些含有表示意思轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞，副詞或短語。如：though，although，still，but，yet, instead, instead of，however, while，On the contrary, on the other hand，unlike，rather than，for

20、one thing，for another等，我們可以根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折意思猜測詞義。四、高考實(shí)例 命題特點(diǎn) 12008年的閱讀理解部分有三篇短文，總閱讀量為1076個單詞(不包括問題及選擇項(xiàng)的詞數(shù))，總題量為15題，分值為30分： 2閱讀理解題有兩大變化： (1)選材方面，在保證題材多樣性、語言真實(shí)性的基礎(chǔ)上增加了文學(xué)體裁：(2)在理解問題的設(shè)問方面，適當(dāng)加大了理解的深度，避免考生采用簡單的排除法或直接與原文信息匹配找到答案： 3閱讀理解題內(nèi)容新穎，體裁多樣，題材豐富，時代氣息濃厚，滲透現(xiàn)代社會的新觀念，選材融知識性、教育性和趣味性為一體，可讀性較強(qiáng)，體現(xiàn)豐富的文化內(nèi)涵； 4基本無生詞，有些詞雖然不在

21、高考英語3500詞匯的范圍內(nèi)，但屬于新教材高頻詞匯，學(xué)生比較熟悉，如A篇的involve，democratic等，B篇的negative，objective等，C篇的critical，amid；有些詞可以通過構(gòu)詞法知識(合成、前綴、后綴、轉(zhuǎn)化)理解詞義，如A篇的hairstyle，adulthood等B篇的self-image，tricky等。 C篇的undersizedwarring presence等；還有些生詞可以通過上下文來猜測其詞義，如B篇的It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image be

22、cause you cant move pastone flaw or weakness that you see about yourselfflaw對大多數(shù)考生而言是生詞，但通過對 or weakness的理解可以知道這個單詞和weakness同義，就不難判斷它的含義是“缺點(diǎn)”；有些詞雖然為考生所熟悉，但特定的語境賦予了它們新的含義考生須根據(jù)具體語境方能推知，如A篇中的From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations，earlier generations of parents and children often ap

23、peared to move in separate orbits“orbit”在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中表示“軌道”之意，而這里是“范圍”或“圈子”之意。 5試卷從選材到命題都關(guān)注了考生的思維能力。選材時除關(guān)注語言的難易、題材、體裁以外，還關(guān)注語言的思維深度，關(guān)注現(xiàn)在中學(xué)生的認(rèn)知能力，這一點(diǎn)尤其是在C篇中體現(xiàn)明顯，考試后學(xué)生普遍感覺有一些題目很難選擇答案，與2008年高考設(shè)題深度加大，迷惑性較強(qiáng)有關(guān)。 6從命題的情況看，2008年閱讀理解題各題型分配與2007年對比如下：年份細(xì)節(jié)題推理題主旨要義題猜測詞義題2007761120087611能力要求 1考生要有快速閱讀與篩選信息、獲取信息的能力以及作出判斷

24、的能力： 2考生要有歸納全文信息，理解全篇信息間的邏輯關(guān)系并進(jìn)行推理、判斷的能力。 3考生要有深層理解，挖掘文章沒有明確表達(dá)的意義的能力。 4考生能根據(jù)上下文和中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識判斷生詞的意義，并且能識別各種題型(細(xì)節(jié)、推理、主旨、猜詞)和掌握各種題型的解題方法： 5考生在用英語交流的過程中能理解語言隱含的情感、態(tài)度和價值觀。第一節(jié) 閱讀理解 (共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分) 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。試題分析AParents and kids today dress alike, listen to the same music,

25、 and are friends. Is this a good thing? Sometimes, when Mr. Ballmer and his 16-year-old daughter, Elizabeth, listen to rock music together and talk about interests both enjoy, such as pop culture, he remembers his more distant relationship with his parents when he was a teenager.“I would never have

26、said to my mom, Hey, the new Weezer album is really great. How do you like it?” says Ballmer. “There was just a complete gap in taste.”Music was not the only gulf. From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations, earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to move in separ

27、ate orbits.Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is getting narrow in many families. Conversations on subjects such as sex and drugs would not have taken place a generation ago. Now they are comfortable and common. And parentchild activities, from shopping to sports, involve a feelin

28、g of trust and friendship that can continue int0 adulthood.No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend.”But family experts warn that the new equality can also result in less respect for parents. “Theres still a lot of strictness and authority on the part of parent

29、s out there, but there is a change happening,” says Kerrie, a psychology professor at Lebanon Valley College. “In the middle of that change, there is a lot of confusion among parents.” Family researchers offer a variety of reasons for these evolving roles and attitudes. They see the 1960s as a turni

30、ng point. Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have a say. “My parents were on the before side of that change, but todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side,” explains Mr. Ballmer. “Its not something easily acc

31、omplished by parents these days, because life is more difficult to understand or deal with, but sharing interests does make it more fun to be a parent now.”41. The underlined word gulf in Para.3 most probably means _.A. interest B. distance C. difference D. separation42. Which of the following shows

32、 that the generation gap is disappearing?A. Parents help their children develop interests in more activities.B. Parents put more trust in their childrens abilities.C. Parents and children talk more about sex and drugs.D. Parents share more interests with their children.43. The change in todays paren

33、t-child relationship is _.A. more confusion among parentsB. new equality between parents and childrenC.1ess respect for parents from childrenD. more strictness and authority on the part of parents44. By saying “todays parents, the 40-year-olds, were on the after side.” the author means that todays p

34、arents _.A. follow the trend of the change B. can set a limit to the changeC. fail to take the change seriously D. have little difficulty adjusting to the change45. The purpose of the passage is to _.A. describe the difficulties todays parents have met withB. discuss the development of the parentchi

35、ld relationshipC. suggest the ways to handle the parentchild relationshipD. compare todays parentchild relationship with that in the past文章導(dǎo)讀 代溝是個社會熱點(diǎn)話題，文章比較了現(xiàn)在和過去父母與孩子之間關(guān)系的差異，指出兩者的代溝在逐漸縮小，不過依然存在，同時指出現(xiàn)在父母和孩子的平等關(guān)系也會產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，如子女對父母的不尊重等；答案解析 41C詞義推測題：由上文(特別是gap)和下句(特別是separate orbits)可知，上幾代的父母與孩子之間不僅是在音

36、樂愛好方面有“差異”，而且從發(fā)型、衣著，到活動、期望等各方面，差異都很大。最大的干擾項(xiàng)是distance，文章的確提到distant relationship，但關(guān)系還沒有到不同路的地步： 42 D歸納判斷題，由第1段首句dress alike1isten to the same music以及talk about interests both enjoy等可知，父母與孩子有更多的共同興趣，表明代溝在漸漸消失：選項(xiàng)A、B、C都屬于share interests的范疇，D項(xiàng)包括后三項(xiàng)，是最全面的概括： 43B細(xì)節(jié)理解題；第6段第l句中的the new equality就是上文所說的父母與孩子關(guān)系

37、的變化：最大干擾項(xiàng)是A和C，如考生缺乏升華概括能力的話，就容易誤選，不管是孩子對父母缺少尊重還是父母間產(chǎn)生更多的迷惑，都是這種新型的平等關(guān)系所產(chǎn)生的“結(jié)果”，這里問的是變化是什么，而不是變化的結(jié)果是什么： 44A. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題：結(jié)合上一段可知，todays parents就是60年代后的父母，他們與孩子有更多的交流，更加民主，他們應(yīng)當(dāng)是順應(yīng)這種變化趨勢的： 45B推斷寫作目的，由全文內(nèi)容，特別是由the generation gap has not disappeared，but“it is getting narrow等關(guān)鍵詞句可知，本文主要是討論父母與孩子之間的關(guān)系的發(fā)展過程。 BSome

38、times youll hear people say that you cant love others until you love yourself. Sometimes youll hear people say that you cant expect someone else to love you until you love yourself. Either way, youve got to love yourself first and this can be tricky. Sure we all know that were the apple of our paren

39、ts eyes, and that our Grandmas think were great talents and our Uncle Roberts think that we will go to the Olympics. but sometimes its a lot harder to think such nice thoughts about ourselves. If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge. it is time you build a positive self-image and learn

40、 to love yourself.Self-image is your own minds picture of yourself. This image includes the way you look, the way you act, the way you talk and the way you think. Interestingly, our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about US. Unfortunately, most of these images are mo

41、re negative than they should be. Thus changing the way you think about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world.The best way to defeat a passive self-image is to step back and decide to stress your successes. That is, make a list if you need to, but write down all of the

42、great things you do every day. Dont allow doubts to occur in it. It very well might be that you are experiencing a negative self-image because you cant move past one flaw or weakness that you see about yourself. Well, roll up your sleeves and make a change of it as your primary task. If you think yo

43、ure silly because you arent good at math, find a tutor. If you think youre weak because you cant run a mile, get to the track and practice. If you think youre dull because you dont wear the latest trends, buy a few new clothes. But remember, just because you think it doesnt mean its true. The best w

44、ay to get rid of a negative serf-image is to realize that your image is far from objective, and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities. Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image. When you can pat(拍

45、) yourself on the back, youll know youre well on your way. Good luck!46. You need to build a positive self-image when you _.A. dare to challenge yourself B. feel it hard to change yourselfC. are unconfident about yourself D. have a high opinion of yourself47. According to the passage, our serf-image

46、s _.A. have positive effects B. are probably untrueC. are often changeable D. have different functions48. How should you change your serf-image according to the passage?A. To keep a different image of others. B. To make your life successful.C. To understand your own world. D. To change the way you t

47、hink.49. What is the passage mainly about?A. How to prepare for your success. B. How to face challenges in your life.C. How to build a positive self-image. D. How to develop your good qualities.50. Who are the intended readers of the passage?A. Parents. B. Adolescents. C. Educators. D. People in gen

48、eral.文章導(dǎo)讀 構(gòu)建積極的自我形象是進(jìn)一步增強(qiáng)自信、關(guān)愛自己的有效途徑之一：文章敘述了建立積極的自我形象的內(nèi)容、途徑和消除消極自我形象的意義：答案解析 46C. 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題眼在第l段最后一句：關(guān)鍵是理解If you find that believing in yourself is a challenge，“當(dāng)你覺得自信是一種挑戰(zhàn)時”，也就是“當(dāng)你不夠自信時”： 47. B細(xì)節(jié)理解題；由第2段中的Interestingly，our self-images are often quite different from the images others hold about us，

49、第4段最后一句But remember，just because you think it doesnt mean its true和第5段第l句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to realize that yourimage is far more objective ，and to actively convince yourself of your positive qualities可知，很多時候自我形象是不真實(shí)的。 48D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第2段最后一句Thus changing the way you think

50、 about yourself is the key to changing your self-image and your whole world和文章倒數(shù)第2句 Changing the way you think and working on those you need to improve will go a long way towards promoting a positive self-image可知。 49C主旨大意題：第l段最后一句中有build a positive self-image，第3段首句的the best way to defeat a passive s

51、elf-image is to.，最后一段的首句The best way to get rid of a negative self-image is to.都是說明如何構(gòu)建自我形象的， 50B推理判斷題：由第l段第4句中were the apple of our parentseyes.，our Grandmas think were等可知，本文應(yīng)當(dāng)是寫給青少年閱讀的：CNapoleon, as a character in Tolstoys War and Peace, is more than once described as having “fat little hands. Nor

52、 does he “sit well or firmly on the horse. He is said to be “undersized. with“short legs and a “round stomach”. The issue here is not the accuracy of Tolstoys description-it seems not that far off from historical accounts but his choice of facts：other things that could be said of the man are not sai

53、d. We are meant to understand the difference of a warring commander in the body of a fat little Frenchman. Tolstoys Napoleon could be any man wandering in the streets and putting a little of powdered tobacco up his noseand that is the point.It is a way the novelist uses to show the moral nature of a

54、 character. And it turns out that, as Tolstoy has it, Napoleon is a crazy man. In a scene in Book Three of War and Peace, the wars having reached the critical year of 1812,Napoleon receives a representative from the Tsar(沙皇), who has come with peace terms. Napoleon is very angry：doesnt he have more

55、army? He, not the Tsar, is the one to make the terms. He will destroy all of Europe if his army is stopped. “That is what you will have gained by engaging me in the war!” he shouts. And then, Tolstoy writes, Napoleon “walked silently several times up and down the room, his fat shoulders moving quickly. Still later, after reviewing his army amid cheering crowds, Napoleon invites the shaken Russian to dinner. “He raised his hand to the Russiansface,” Tolstoy writes, and “taking him by the ear pulled it gently.” To have ones ear pulled by the Emperor was considered the greatest honor