畢業(yè)論文數(shù)控加工中心盤類零件加工02666

1、長春汽車工業(yè)高等?？茖W(xué)校畢 業(yè) 實 踐 報 告畢業(yè)實踐題目 數(shù)控加工中心盤類零件加工 專業(yè) / 班級 數(shù)控102102 學(xué) 生 姓 名 田龍飛 學(xué) 號 0201021392 實習(xí)指導(dǎo)教師 李紹紅 報告指導(dǎo)教師 李紹紅 起 止 時 間 2012.102013.05 實 習(xí) 單 位 一汽大眾 目 錄內(nèi)容摘要3正文3第一部分 盤類零件加工工藝性分析 3 1.1 選擇并確定數(shù)控加工中心加工盤類零件31.2 盤類零件圖樣的工藝性分析41.3 盤類零件的加工路線5第二部分 盤類零件加工工藝的確定 62.1 工藝分析62.2 工藝卡片72.3 刀具卡片82.4 走刀路線82.5 程序的編制13第三部分 17

2、3.1 誤差分析173.2 結(jié)論17參考文獻(xiàn) 18致謝 19摘 要盤類零件是由多個端面、深孔、螺紋孔、曲面、溝槽、外輪廓組合而成的較復(fù)雜的盤形零件。其特點是零件基本形狀呈盤形塊狀，零件表面匯集了多種典型表面。加工時，裝夾次數(shù)一般較少，但所用刀具一般較多，編制程序較繁瑣。加工前需要做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，包括圖紙分析、確定加工工藝、選用機(jī)床型號、選用毛坯大小、確定走刀路線與加工順序等，其前期的準(zhǔn)備工作比較復(fù)雜。關(guān)鍵詞：盤類零件 圖紙分析 確定加工工藝 機(jī)床正文：數(shù)控加工過程中需要考慮多方面的因素，包括圖紙的分析、選擇適合加工該零件的數(shù)控機(jī)床、選擇加工中將要用到的刀具規(guī)格、選擇良好的切削用量等等。由此看出

3、，數(shù)控加工實踐是一門復(fù)雜的技術(shù)。需要多學(xué)習(xí)、多熟練才能在保證安全的情況下完成任務(wù)。所以，我作為數(shù)控行業(yè)的一份子要努力的提高自身的專業(yè)水平，不斷的鍛煉自己的實踐技能，成為一個全方面發(fā)展的數(shù)控技術(shù)人才。1盤類零件加工的工藝性分析盤類零件加工工藝性分析是編程前的重要工藝準(zhǔn)備工作之一，根據(jù)實際加工，利用數(shù)控加工中心具有高精度、高柔性、高效率，且適合加工具有復(fù)雜輪廓、端面的零件等特點。通過對使用bv75型數(shù)控加工中心加工盤類零件，來闡述以下幾個方面的問題： 1.1 選擇并確定數(shù)控加工中心加工盤類零件在選擇加工盤類零件的設(shè)備時，應(yīng)充分發(fā)揮數(shù)控加工中心適用于加工復(fù)雜端面這一加工優(yōu)勢。選擇bv75數(shù)控加工中心

4、的主要依據(jù)如下：bv75立式加工中心采用專業(yè)化廠家提供的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)，各直線運動軸、主軸及追加旋轉(zhuǎn)軸均采用伺服電機(jī)驅(qū)動，三軸或四軸聯(lián)動，可進(jìn)行各種銑削、鏜孔、鉆鉸孔、剛性攻絲等一般機(jī)械加工，并實現(xiàn)數(shù)字化精確定位，通過運動軸插補(bǔ)聯(lián)動可實現(xiàn)旋切大螺紋、多種曲面加工，且同一臺機(jī)床上可實現(xiàn)工件一次裝夾過程中多種工序的粗、精加工。同時，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中配備了多種典型循環(huán)程序供加工過程中編程選用。機(jī)床工作過程中的切削加工、冷卻液提供、刀具交換等均由預(yù)編制程序控制，且換刀過程中自動實施主軸中心吹氣，保持刀柄及主軸錐孔清潔。機(jī)床切削過程中產(chǎn)生的切屑根據(jù)配置不同或者由沖刷系統(tǒng)及排屑器等定向排送到集屑小車，或者人工清理。b

5、v75立式加工中心主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如下：機(jī)床行程范圍x軸 mm762y軸 mm510（帶a軸為450或490）z軸 mm560工作臺參數(shù)工作臺尺寸 mm610*900t型槽尺寸 mm5-18*100*125工作臺最大承載能力（均布） kg500主軸端面直工作臺面距離 mm152712主軸中心至立柱導(dǎo)軌面距離 mm563.4移動速度快速移動速度 mm/min24000切削進(jìn)給速度 mm/min315000主軸參數(shù)主軸錐孔7：24主軸軸徑 mm70刀庫參數(shù)斗笠式刀庫機(jī)械手式刀庫刀庫容量（把）2124換刀方式任選隨機(jī)換刀時間（秒）62.5最大刀具直徑 mm8075相鄰無刀最大刀具直徑 mm160120最

6、大道具長度 mm304290最大單刀重量 kg6.86刀庫承載能力 kg68801.2 盤類零件圖樣的工藝性分析根據(jù)bv75數(shù)控加工中心加工盤類零件的特點，對零件圖紙進(jìn)行工藝分析時，應(yīng)著重考慮如下幾點：（1） 盤類零件圖紙的尺寸分析根據(jù)盤類零件圖紙的分析，應(yīng)首先確定零件上各端面的相互位置、相距尺寸，保證加工時刀具的走刀路線不會干涉到零件的各個端面。例如，在加工時刀具直徑為10mm，零件兩端面距離為9mm，若在加工前發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點便會在保證加工精度的情況下更換合適的刀具。相反，如果在實際加工前對圖紙的分析不夠透徹，便有可能出現(xiàn)上述錯誤，造成零件加工失敗，不僅浪費時間，還提高了加工成本，得不償失。（2

7、） 順銑和逆銑對加工的影響 在銑削加工盤類零件時，采用順銑還是逆銑方式是影響加工表面粗糙度的重要因素之一。逆銑時切削力f的水平分力fx的方向與進(jìn)給運動vf方向相反，順銑時切削力f的水平分力fx的方向與進(jìn)給運動vf的方向相同。銑削方式的選擇應(yīng)視零件圖樣的加工要求，工件材料的性質(zhì)、特點以及機(jī)床型號、刀具規(guī)格等條件因素綜合考慮。通常，由于數(shù)控加工中心傳動采用滾珠絲杠結(jié)構(gòu)，其進(jìn)給傳動間隙很小，順銑的工藝性就優(yōu)越于逆銑。為了降低表面粗糙度值，提高刀具的耐用度，對于鋁鎂合金、鈦合金和耐熱合金等材料，盡可能采用順銑加工。但如果盤類零件的毛坯為黑色金屬鍛件或鑄件，表皮較硬而且余量一般較大，這時采用逆銑較為合理

8、。1.3 盤類零件的加工路線（1） z軸方向走刀路線在加工盤類零件時，z軸的切削深度尤為重要。必須要看清圖紙的標(biāo)注，并在深度上也要保證高精度。銑削外輪廓時，盡量選擇在工件外下刀。銑削內(nèi)輪廓時，要選好下刀點，必須保證不能干涉工件的尺寸精度。（2）x、y軸方向走刀路線在加工盤類零件時，x、y軸方向走刀路線是否正確直接影響到零件加工的質(zhì)量。x、y軸方向在走刀路線正確的情況下基本能保證零件成型正確。若x、y軸方向走刀路線錯誤，則直接導(dǎo)致工件作廢，成為廢品。如果走刀路線偏差較大，不僅會導(dǎo)致零件作廢，更會威脅到操作人員的人身安全。（3）對于二維輪廓加工通常采用以下幾個步驟：(1)從起刀點下刀到下刀點；(2

9、)沿切向切入工件； (3)輪廓切削； (4)刀具向上抬刀，退離工件； (5)返回起刀點。2 盤類零件加工工藝的確定2.1 工藝分析圖1 盤類零件需要加工的盤類零件如圖1所示，零件的材料為45號鋼，毛坯選為100mm80mm27mm的方形毛坯料。且底面和四個輪廓面均已加工好，要求在bv75立式加工中心上加工頂面及孔。（1） 加工部位分析加工頂面；加工32孔；加工60沉孔；加工4m87h螺紋孔；加工2 12孔；加工3 6孔（2） 工步設(shè)計工步號工步內(nèi)容刀具號刀具規(guī)格1粗銑頂面t1端面銑刀1252鉆32、 12孔中心孔t2中心鉆23鉆32、 12孔至11.5t3麻花鉆11.54擴(kuò)32孔至30t4麻花

10、鉆305鉆36孔至尺寸t5麻花鉆66粗銑60沉孔t6立銑刀18，2刃7鉆4m8底孔至6.8t7麻花鉆6.88鏜32孔至31.7t8鏜刀31.79精銑頂面t1端面銑刀12510鉸12孔至尺寸t9鉸刀1211精鏜32孔至尺寸t10微調(diào)精鏜刀3212精銑60沉孔至尺寸t11立銑刀18，4刃1312孔口倒角t13倒角刀201436、m8孔口倒角t3麻花鉆11.515攻4m8螺紋t12絲錐m82.2工藝卡片序號加工工序刀具刀具名稱主軸 速度r.p.m進(jìn)給 速度mm/min刀具長度補(bǔ)償?shù)毒甙霃窖a(bǔ)償?shù)毒哐a(bǔ)償值1粗銑頂面 t1端面銑刀125240300h01實測值2鉆32、 12孔中心孔 t2中心鉆21000

11、100h023鉆32、 12孔至11.5 t3麻花鉆11.5550110h034擴(kuò)32孔至30 t4麻花鉆3028085h045鉆36孔至尺寸 t5麻花鉆61000待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2220h056粗銑60沉孔 t6立銑刀18，2刃3701000h06d0630.57鉆4m8底孔至6.8 t7麻花鉆6.8950140h078鏜32孔至31.7 t8鏜刀31.7830120h089精銑頂面 t1端面銑刀125320280h0110鉸12孔至尺寸 t9鉸刀1217042h0911精鏜32孔至尺寸 t10微調(diào)精鏜刀3294075h1012精銑60沉孔至尺寸t11立銑刀18， 4刃4601000h1

12、1d11301312孔口倒角 t13倒角刀2030050h131436、m8孔口倒角 t3麻花鉆11.530050h0315攻4m8螺紋 t12絲錐m8100125h122.3刀具卡片刀具選擇與加工目的轉(zhuǎn)速r/min進(jìn)給量mm/min背吃刀量mm端面銑刀125 240300中心鉆2 10001002麻花鉆11.555011030麻花鉆30 2808535麻花鉆6100022015立銑刀18，2刃370100010麻花鉆6.895014030鏜刀31.783012027鉸刀121704230微調(diào)精鏜刀329407527立銑刀18，4刃460100010倒角刀2030050麻花鉆11.530050

13、絲錐m8100125272.4走刀路線1）粗銑頂面2）鉆32、 12孔中心孔3）鉆32、 12孔至11.54）擴(kuò)32孔至305）鉆36孔至尺寸6）粗銑60沉孔7）鉆4m8底孔至6.88）鏜32孔至31.79）精銑頂面10）鉸12孔至尺寸11）精鏜32孔至尺寸12）精銑60沉孔至尺寸13） 12孔口倒角14） 36、m8孔口倒角15）攻4m8螺紋2.5程序的編制如圖所示為本文數(shù)控程序編制的流程圖。加工工藝參數(shù)輸入部分以人機(jī)交互對話方式輸入盤類零件銑削加工的有關(guān)工藝參數(shù)，如刀具半徑，起刀點、加工走向，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速、進(jìn)給速度等。nc 數(shù)據(jù)處理部分根據(jù)幾何形狀數(shù)據(jù)及加工工藝參數(shù),對數(shù)據(jù)文件中的實體(直線、

14、圓弧、列表點) 的數(shù)據(jù)重新排序,列表點先以三次b 樣條曲線進(jìn)行擬合，再用雙圓弧法進(jìn)行插補(bǔ)，形成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的g 代碼格式。刀具軌跡仿真部分主要是檢驗數(shù)控程序語法錯誤，加工時是否有干涉現(xiàn)象或刀具軌跡不合理等，可以減少實際加工中試切次數(shù)和防止設(shè)備、刀具、工件的損壞。加工程序編制如下：o0001;n3 g17 g90 g40 g80 g49 g21;g91 g28 z0.;n5 m06 t01;n8 g90 g54 g00 x120. y0.;n9 m03 s240;n10 g43 z100. h01;n11 z0.5;n12 g01 x-120. f300;n13 g00 z100. m05;n14 g9

15、1 g28 z0. m05;/ m00；n16 m06 t02;n19 g90 g54 g00 x0. y0.;n20 m03 s1000;n21 g43 z100. h02;n22 g99 g81 z-5. r5. f100;n23 x-36. y26.;n24 g98 x36. y-26.;n25 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n27 m06 t03;n30 g90 g54 g00 x0. y0.;n31 m03 s550; n32 g43 z100. h03;n33 g99 g81 z-30. r5. f110;n34 x-36. y26.;n35 g98 x36.

16、 y-26.;n36 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n38 m06 t04;n41 g90 g54 g00 x0. y0.;n42 m03 s280;n43 g43 z100. h04;n44 g98 g81 z-35. r5.0 f85;n45 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n47 m06 t05;n50 g90 g54 g00 x40. y0.;n51 m03 s1000;n52 g43 z100. h05;n53 g99 g81 z-15. r5. f220;n54 y15.;n55 g98 y30.;n56 g80 g91 g28 z0. m

17、05;/ m00;n58 m06 t06;n61g90g54g00 x0. y0.;n62 m03 s370;n63 g43 z5. h06;n64 g01 z-10. f1000;n65 g41 x8. y-15. d06 f110;n66 g03 x23. y0. r15.;n67 i-23.;n68 x8. y15. r15.;g00 g40 x0 y0;n69 g01 g41 x15. y-15. d06;n70 g03 x30. y0. r15.;n71 i-30.;n72 x15. y15. r15.;n73 g01 x-16. y0.;n74 z-4.7 f1000;n75 x-

18、61. f110;n76 x-56.5 y-41.586;n77 x-12.213 y-16.017;n78 x15. y-15. f1000;n79 g03 x30. y0. r15. f110;n80 g01 y51.;n81 x0.;n82 y16.;n83 g40 y0. f1000;n84 g00 z100. m05;n85 g91g28 z0.;/ m00;n87 m06 t07;n88 g90 g54 g00 x23. y0.;n91 m03 s950;n92 g43 z100. h07;n93 g98 g81 z-30. r5. f140;n94 x0. y23.;n95 x-

19、23. y0.;n96 g98 x0. y-23.;n97 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n9 m06 t08;n102 g90 g54 g00 x0. y0.;n103 m03 s830;n100 g43 z100. h08;n101 g98 g76 z-27. r5. q0.1 f120;n102 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n106 m06 t01;n107 g90 g54 g00 x120. y0.;n108 m03 s320;n109 g43 z100. h01;n110 z0;n111 g01 x-120. f280;n112 g00

20、z100. m05;n113 g91 g28 z0.;/ m00；n115 m06 t09;n118 g90 g54 g00 x-36. y26.;n119 m03 s170;n120 g43 z100. h09;n121 g99 g82 z-30. r5. p1000 f42;n122 g98 x36. y-26.;n123 g80 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n9 m06 t10;n102 g90 g54 g00 x0. y0.;n103 m03 s940;n100 g43 z100. h10;n101 g98 g76 z-27. r5. q0.1 f75;n102 g80

21、 g91 g28 z0. m05;/ m00;n134 m06 t11;n137 g90g54g00 x0. y0.;n138 m03 s460;n139 g43 z5. h11;n140 g01 z-10. f1000;n141 g41 x8. y-15. d11 f80;n142 x15. ;n143 g03 x30. y0 r15.;n144 i-30.;n145 x15. y-15. r15.;n146 g01 x-16. y0. ;n147 z-5. f1000;n148 x-61. f110;n149 x-56.5 y-41.586.;n150 x-12.213 y-16.017

22、;n151 x15. y-15. f1000;n152 g03 x30. y0 r15. f150;n153 g01 y51.;n154 x0. ;n155 y16. ;n156 g40 y0. f1000;n157 g00 z100. m05;n158 g91 g28 z0;/ m00;n185 m06 t12;n187 g90 g54 g00 x23. y0.;n188 m03 s100;n190 g43 z100. h12;n192 g98 g84 z-27. r10. f125;n193 x0. y23.;n194 x-23. y0.;n195 x0. y-23.;n196 g80 g

23、91 g28 z0.;n198 g28 x0. y0.;m30;3 誤差分析在數(shù)控加工的整個過程中，經(jīng)常會產(chǎn)生以下幾種誤差：(1) 近似計算誤差：主要產(chǎn)生在加工列表曲線、曲面輪廓時，采用近似計算法所發(fā)生的逼近誤差。(2) 插補(bǔ)誤差：這是由于用直線段或圓弧段逼近零件輪廓曲線所產(chǎn)生的誤差。減少插補(bǔ)誤差的方法是密化插補(bǔ)點，但這會增加程序段數(shù)目，增加計算和編程的工作量。(3) 尺寸圓整誤差：這是將計算尺寸換算成機(jī)床的脈沖當(dāng)量時由于圓整化所產(chǎn)生的誤差。數(shù)控機(jī)床能反映出的最小位移量是一個脈沖當(dāng)量，小于一個脈沖當(dāng)量的數(shù)據(jù)只能四舍五入，于是就產(chǎn)生了誤差。(4) 操作誤差在加工過程中，操作者在操作過程中，工件的

24、安裝引起的誤差和尋找工件坐標(biāo)原點過程中容易引起誤差。首先安裝過程中，可能會產(chǎn)生工件面與定位面之間靠不緊，解決辦法：在安裝過程中四個壓板要同時壓緊，不能其中某個壓緊。先讓四個螺栓稍微擰一下但是不要徹底擰緊，并且用尼龍棒或者木棒在工件上輕輕敲打，使工件底面與定位面之間靠實。并且擰緊順序為對角擰緊。尋找坐標(biāo)原點過程中，由于使用的設(shè)備的精度不同，會帶來不同的誤差。解決辦法：使用精度高的儀器，如：千分表、尋邊器等等。4 結(jié)論通過對盤類零件的工藝分析，合理制定了其加工工藝過程，選擇了合適的加工刀具及切削參數(shù)，合理的編制了加工盤類零件的數(shù)控程序，經(jīng)過獨立的分析、計算及改善加工過程，避免了可能產(chǎn)生的各種誤差，

25、使用bv75數(shù)控加工中心加工出的盤類零件，精度較高，尺寸符合圖紙要求。即提高了產(chǎn)品的加工質(zhì)量和效率，又降低了工人的勞動強(qiáng)度。 對我個人的數(shù)控技術(shù)及獨立完成加工的技能有了很大的幫助，并且使我更加喜歡數(shù)控技術(shù)專業(yè)。是我充分看到了自己的不足，是我的技術(shù)有了一次跨越性的提高。參考文獻(xiàn)徐宏海 數(shù)控加工工藝 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社，2003，7-5025徐嘉元、曾家駒 機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué) 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1999，7-111華茂發(fā) 數(shù)控機(jī)床加工工藝 械工業(yè)出版社，2000，7-111陳日曜 金屬切削原理 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2002.4李善樹 數(shù)控機(jī)床及其應(yīng)用 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2001.1延波 加工中心的數(shù)控編程與操作技

26、術(shù) 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2001.1致謝在撰寫畢業(yè)論文期間，自己確實遇到了不少問題，首先感謝老師平日的教授指點，讓自己初步具備數(shù)控車床的基本知識，同時要感謝論文編寫期間與我有還有熱心幫助的同學(xué)，解決了不少燃眉之急，最后感謝期刊網(wǎng)，免費分享了大量珍貴的資料，讓我有幸整合總結(jié)，寫完此篇論文，本文難免有所疏漏，懇請老師指正，再次感謝，老師，您辛苦了！emloyment tribunals sort out disagreements between employers and employees. you may need to make a claim to an employment tribuna

27、l if: you dont agree with the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you your employer dismisses you and you think that you have been dismissed unfairly. for more informu, take advice from one of the organisations listed underfurther help. employment tribunals are less formal than some

28、other courts, but it is still a legal process and you will need to give evidence under an oath or affirmation. most people find making a claim to an employment tribunal challenging. if you are thinking about making a claim to an employment tribunal, you should get help straight away from one of the

29、organisations listed underfurther help. ation about dismissal and unfair dismissal, seedismissal. you can make a claim to an employment tribunal, even if you haventappealedagainst the disciplinary action your employer has taken against you. however, if you win your case, the tribunal may reduce any

30、compensation awarded to you as a result of your failure to appeal. remember that in most cases you must make an application to an employment tribunal within three months of the date when the event you are complaining about happened. if your application is received after this time limit, the tribunal

31、 will not usually accept i. if you are worried about how the time limits apply to you if you are being represented by a solicitor at the tribunal, they may ask you to sign an agreement where you pay their fee out of your compensation if you win the case. this is known as adamages-based agreement. in

32、 england and wales, your solicitor cant charge you more than 35% of your compensation if you win the case.youre clear about the terms of the agreement. it might be best to get advice from an experienced adviser, for example, at a citizens advice bureau. to find your nearest cab, including those that

33、 give advice by e-mail, click onnearest cab.for more information about making a claim to an employment tribunal, seeemployment tribunals.the (lack of) air up there watch m cay man islands-based webb, the head of fifas anti-racism taskforce, is in london for the football associations 150th anniversar

34、y celebrations and will attend citys premier league match at chelsea on sunday.i am going to be at the match tomorrow and i have asked to meet ya ya toure, he told bbc sport.for me its about how he felt and i would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.uefa hasopened discipl

35、inary proceedings against cskafor the racist behaviour of their fans duringcitys 2-1 win.michel platini, president of european footballs governing body, has also ordered an immediate investigation into the referees actions.cska said they were surprised and disappointed by toures complaint. in a stat

36、ement the russian side added: we found no racist insults from fans of cska.age has reached the end of the beginning of a word. may be guilty in his seems to passing a lot of different life became the appearance of the same day; may be back in the past, to oneself the paranoid weird belief disillusio

37、nment, these days, my mind has been very messy, in my mind constantly. always feel oneself should go to do something, or write something. twenty years of life trajectory deeply shallow, suddenly feel something, do it.一字開頭的年齡已經(jīng)到了尾聲?；蛟S是愧疚于自己似乎把轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的很多個不同的日子過成了同一天的樣子；或許是追溯過去，對自己那些近乎偏執(zhí)的怪異信念的醒悟，這些天以來，思緒一

38、直很凌亂，在腦海中不斷糾纏?？傆X得自己似乎應(yīng)該去做點什么，或者寫點什么。二十年的人生軌跡深深淺淺，突然就感覺到有些事情，非做不可了。the end of our life, and can meet many things really do?而窮盡我們的一生，又能遇到多少事情是真正地非做不可？during my childhood, think lucky money and new clothes are necessary for new year, but as the advance of the age, will be more and more found that those

39、 things are optional; junior high school, thought to have a crush on just means that the real growth, but over the past three years later, his writing of alumni in peace, suddenly found that isnt really grow up, it seems is not so important; then in high school, think dont want to give vent to out y

40、our inner voice can be in the high school children of the feelings in a period, but was eventually infarction when graduation party in the throat, later again stood on the pitch he has sweat profusely, looked at his thrown a basketball hoops, suddenly found himself has already cant remember his appe

41、arance.童年時，覺得壓歲錢和新衣服是過年必備，但是隨著年齡的推進(jìn)，會越來越發(fā)現(xiàn)，那些東西根本就可有可無；初中時，以為要有一場暗戀才意味著真正的成長，但三年過去后，自己心平氣和的寫同學(xué)錄的時候，突然就發(fā)現(xiàn)是不是真正的成長了，好像并沒有那么重要了；然后到了高中，覺得非要吐露出自己的心聲才能為高中生涯里的懵懂情愫劃上一個句點，但畢業(yè)晚會的時候最終還是被梗塞在了咽喉，后來再次站在他曾經(jīng)揮汗如雨的球場，看著他投過籃球的球框時，突然間發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)想不起他的容顏。originally, this world, can produce a chemical reaction to an event, i

42、n addition to resolutely, have to do, and time.原來，這個世界上，對某個事件能產(chǎn)生化學(xué)反應(yīng)的，除了非做不可的堅決，還有，時間。a persons time, your ideas are always special to clear. want, want, line is clear, as if nothing could shake his. also once seemed to be determined to do something, but more often is he backed out at last. dislike

43、his cowardice, finally found that there are a lot of love, there are a lot of miss, like shadow really have been doomed. those who do, just green years oneself give oneself an arm injection, or is a self-righteous spiritual.一個人的時候，自己的想法總是特別地清晰。想要的，不想要的，界限明確，好像沒有什么可以撼動自己。也曾經(jīng)好像已經(jīng)下定了決心去做某件事，但更多的時候是最后又打

44、起了退堂鼓。嫌惡過自己的怯懦，最終卻發(fā)現(xiàn)有很多緣分，有很多錯過，好像冥冥之中真的已經(jīng)注定。那些曾經(jīng)所謂的非做不可，只是青蔥年華里自己給自己注射的一支強(qiáng)心劑，或者說，是自以為是的精神寄托罷了。at the moment, the sky is dark, the air is fresh factor after just rained. suddenly thought of blue plaid shirt; those were broken into various shapes of stationery; from the corner at the beginning of dee

45、p friendship; have declared the end of the encounter that havent start planning. those years, those days of do, finally, like youth, will end in our life.此刻，天空是陰暗的，空氣里有著剛下過雨之后的清新因子。突然想到那件藍(lán)格子襯衫；那些被折成各種各樣形狀的信紙；那段從街角深巷伊始的友誼；還有那場還沒有開始就宣告了終結(jié)的邂逅計劃那些年那些天的非做不可，終于和青春一樣，都將在我們的人生中謝幕。baumgartner the disappointi

46、ng news: mission aborted. r plays an important role in this mission. starting at the ground, conditions have to be very calm - winds less than 2 mph, with no precipitation or humidity and limited cloud cover. the balloon, with capsule attached, will move through the lower level of the atmosphere (th

47、e troposphere) where our day-to-day weather lives. it will climb higher than the tip of mount everest (5.5 miles/8.85 kilometers), drifting even higher than the cruising altitude of commercial airliners (5.6 miles/9.17 kilometers) and into the stratosphere. as he crosses the boundary layer (called t

48、he tropopause),e can expect a lot of turbulence. we often close ourselves off when traumatic events happen in our lives; instead of letting the world soften us, we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. we try to deflect the hurt and pain by pretending it doesnt exist, but although we can try this a

49、ll we want, in the end, we cant hide from ourselves. we need to learn to open our hearts to the potentials of life and let the world soften us.生活發(fā)生不幸時，我們常常會關(guān)上心門；世界不僅沒能慰藉我們，反倒使我們更加消沉。我們假裝一切仿佛都不曾發(fā)生，以此試圖忘卻傷痛，可就算隱藏得再好，最終也還是騙不了自己。既然如此，何不嘗試打開心門，擁抱生活中的各種可能，讓世界感化我們呢？whenever we start to let our fears and se

50、riousness get the best of us, we should take a step back and re-evaluate our behavior. the items listed below are six ways you can open your heart more fully and completely.當(dāng)恐懼與焦慮來襲時，我們應(yīng)該退后一步，重新反思自己的言行。下面六個方法有助于你更完滿透徹地敞開心扉。whenever a painful situation arises in your life, try to embrace it instead o

51、f running away or trying to mask the hurt. when the sadness strikes, take a deep breath and lean into it. when we run away from sadness thats unfolding in our lives, it gets stronger and more real. we take an emotion thats fleeting and make it a solid event, instead of something that passes through us.當(dāng)生活中出現(xiàn)痛苦的事情時，別再逃跑或隱藏痛苦，試著擁抱它吧；當(dāng)悲傷來襲時，試著深呼吸，然后直面它。如果我們一味逃避生活中的悲傷，悲傷只會變得更強(qiáng)烈更真