論提高建筑電氣設計的可靠性和經(jīng)濟性畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯

1、英文原文：on improving reliability and economical efficiency of building design reasonable design building electricity of each the electricity equipments of the system and usage forerunner to satisfy building function request and economy jis set up investment be extremely importance.in actually of the de

2、sign, usually because of design of the period be short, time tight, the mission be heavy, but to design of the economy neglect and cause at building initial stage electricity equipments investment of waste.building electricity design of the economy be an electricity equipments of initial stage inves

3、tment and circulate the expenses attain economy reasonable.now building electricity design is divided into strong electricity with weak electricity two part, underneath difference two from this part to discussion building electricity design initial stage investment of economy.1 .strong electricity p

4、artstrong electricity part of design main include high pressure to go together with electricity system, low pressure go together with electricity system, motive lighting trunk line system and go together with electricity box system and lead spread of line electric cable to establish etc., this part

5、design of basic request is a credibility, vivid, safety.credibility-according to use an electricity burden of grade, assurance at various circulate under the way exaltation power supply of continuous, try hard for credibility power supply.vivid-lord knot the line try hard for simple, obvious, have n

6、o surplus of electricity equipments;devotion or cut off some equipments or the operation of the circuit convenience.so can avoid a mistake operation, again exaltation circulate of credibility, processing trouble also ability simple quick.vivid still the performance be have orientation of possibility

7、.safety-assurance at carry on the whole operation cut over staff member and equipments of safety, and ability at safety under the condition carry on a maintenance check to fix workusually in the design as long as satisfy norm of request basically ability satisfy above-mentioned 3:00 request, but eco

8、nomy similarly design each system of electricity of importance principle.consideration economy, essential set out from the whole overall situation for construct, according to building oneself of characteristics, economy reasonably design electricity of each system, however credibility and economy tw

9、o it be current antinomy of a side also have unify of one side, if over-emphasize credibility, take going together with electricity system as an example, big and parts of equipments from change to go together with electricity low pressure mother line project type power supply, certainly will result

10、in the equipments increase, investment enlarge, cause unnecessary of waste, make the economy descend;if over-emphasize economy, decrease equipments, simplification knot line, inevitable would credibility, will result in while being occurrence trouble bigger area of have a power fail, thus again brin

11、g loss, it is thus clear that so of result is to not only lower credibility, the economy also lower in the meantime.therefore at processing these antinomy, should first satisfy credibility of in the meantime again exaltation economy.the high pressure go together with electricity system is the source

12、 head that an engineering go together with an electricity, so this part of economy main body now dont appear break down, result in the whole engineering power failure, choose to use qualified credibility of product.the low pressure go together with an electricity system this part is general public b

13、uilding electricity design of core part.low pressure go together with electricity system general is go together with electricity by the tree trunk type and project the type go together with electricity to combine together but constitute of, same a dong building adoption same product of layer, becaus

14、e of design system of dissimilarity, meeting creation very big of price bad, direct influence arrive the ji set up of initial stage investment, here include system of constitute and design hour the choose of coefficient use.how make system since economy and then safety credibility?we try to raise 1,

15、 assumption some one dong key figures public building adoption two road high pressure enter line, adoption two set transformer, and contain a water pump house in this building, refrigeration engine room, we usually the way of doing be a high pressure adoption list mother line cent segment circulate

16、move contact;(auto contact or not contact)low pressure is mother line cent segment circulate, contact the switch establish from hurl from reply, from hurl not from reply and move conversion switch, from hurl hour should auto break to open not assurance burden, with assurance transformer normal work,

17、 lord enter switch and contact the switch establish electricity allied lock, any circumstance be next to match among them of two switch, and for avoid motive burden of start interference illuminate burden, usually one set transformer of low pressure line main supply illuminate burden, but another on

18、e set transformer of low pressure line main supply motive, air condition burden.how does the designs ability lower the cost of electricity equipments?can solve from 2, one decrease low pressure of the cabinet line back track, two at design of the process win election to choose good demand coefficien

19、t, in the meantime coefficient and power factor,underneath difference two from this discussion:decrease low pressure of the cabinet line back trackwhen we do the electricity of an engineering design, first burden of category and position assurance, inside same district mutually congeniality of burde

20、n, from low pressure mother the line kui be a back track power supply of, here of same district can inside same layer, is can is also dissimilarity floor but stalk line position homology of district, so do can decrease low pressure of the cabinet line back track, decrease low pressure the set of the

21、 cabinet number, lower equipments cost, weakness is be the line carry break down or kui electricity back track check fix will result in big scope of power failure.however this kind circumstance the possibility of the occurrence be very low in the reality.for example we at residence building within r

22、eal life a year perhaps and more long time basically dont have a power fail, but the department of this kind of residence building power supply enter line big part is an all big capacity of list back track power supply of, and now the function of the electricity equipments be more and more good, usu

23、ally under the situation that dont appear electricity break down is dont need maintenance need not check fix, so at not importance burden adoption big capacity back track the line be viable, is also lower an electricity equipments cost of valid.(2)exactitude choice demand coefficient, in the meantim

24、e coefficient and power factorthis why how many coefficients want to speak of?because they are direct influence to a dong building electricity equipments of investment.the power factor choose to use whether accurate direct the influence arrive calculation electric current, thus influence electric ca

25、ble(lead line), protection switch of size;demand the coefficient choose to use whether accurate as well direct the influence arrive calculation electric current, thus influence electric cable(lead line), protection switch of size;in the meantime the coefficient take value return direct influence tra

26、nsformer size of choice, if take value to be partial to big but choice big capacity transformer, will result in future transformer circulate hour exhaust of enlarge.therefore in actually of the design must investigate at actual in the same kind equipments circulate of circumstance, reasonable choose

27、 to use calculation coefficient.we at shenzhen once meet so an engineering, 80,000 even rice upscale apartment, the design choose to use 4 set 1250 kva stem type transformer, but actual after build up, in order to go into the rate be low, the first party the transformer which use one set 500 kva tak

28、e all of burden, this oneself reflection design chronometer calculate the coefficient obtain conservative be partial to big.want consideration development foreground when we do design, stay enough to spare quantity, but these year of development process in, along with building the intelligence turn

29、level of exaltation, electricity the quantity have no significant ascension, building yu from control of regulate, economy energy the choose of product use, electric power waste of decrease and the intelligence turn level of exaltation big part from calculator to realization of, to use electricity q

30、uantity of demand very low, so we as far as possible take in the design a little bit lower of coefficient. 2 .weak electricity partalong with building the intelligence turn level of exaltation, weak electricity part of system increment a lot of, weak electricity the equipments have ji to set up inve

31、stment of ratio also more and more gao, so design very weak electricity of each statures system, to economy investment exaltation the intelligence turn level is have importance meaning.weak electricity part of each system in, building yu from control system from design hospital press the first party

32、 and norm request put forward into bas supervision or surveillance of point, and in the design the pipeline of of reserve the bas controller.the controller go to various the power supply of control line, controller which spread a feeling machine and change to send machine, valve door.etc., is all ca

33、rry on by undertaker deep turn design;each other weak system such as cabled t.v. and satellite television system, public security surveillance system, control at gate system, parking lot management the system be all similar to bas system, in the design more deep what to turn be a fire auto report to

34、 the police and fire fight allied move system with comprehensive cloth line system two part, underneath difference from this 2 how lower initial stage investment exaltation usage function.a fire auto report to the police and the fire fight be allied to move the cost of system main relate to the amou

35、nt of locator and mold piece, so in the design decrease locator and mold piece of the amount can lower a fire auto report to the police an equipments of investment.in the jgj/t16.92 in provisionat beam outstanding crest peng of height less than 200 mm crest peng top the constitution feeling

36、 smoke, feeling locator, can take no account of beam to the locator protection area of.when beam outstanding crest peng of height in 200 600 mm, according to the appendix l.2 and l.3 assurance beam of influence and a locator can protection of beam the piece of the district.when beam outstanding cres

37、t peng of height over 600 mm, is cut off by the beam of each beam district should at least the constitutionand in of the 6thly provision of a locator car database etc. proper choose to use feeling locator.we are in the design usually meet so of underground garage, the pillar net be apart fr

38、om for the 8.1 m, pillar net isten word beam, beam gao 500 mm, if press above-mentioned norm each pillar net internal help cloth 4 feeling locator, if underground garage areas above 10,000 even rices(this kind of circumstance usually meet), so and only this and no more garage meeting constitution up

39、 to thousand wen gan3, so do to have necessity?if adoption smoke locator meeting decrease 3/the amount of 4 locators, and current along with environmental protection request of exaltation, car of tail spirit exhaustion standard also more and more gao, at underground garage adoption the smoke be viab

40、le, so can economical a lot of investment, in the meantime general large underground garage all constitution spray system, therefore can decrease locator of constitution even not constitution, certainly this still demand fire fight section of approval.comprehensive cloth line system is language sign

41、al, numeral go together with of signal line, through the norm for unify design, comprehensive at a set of standard of go together with line system up, this system is for the terrace of open type, convenience customer while need, formation respectively independence of sub- system.comprehensive cloth

42、line system can the scope resources of the realization world share, comprehensive information database management, e-mail, personal database, statement processing, finance management, telephone meeting, television meeting etc.comprehensive the cloth line system cost of economy also main body now dec

43、rease information point up, in the gb/t50311 the 2000 in article 3.03 and 5.0.1 provision a work area press 510 even rices estimate and each work area information the amount of the electric outlet allocation.front a period of time we design the transact of 56,000 even rices building, if subtract eng

44、ine room and garage area according to the norm should constitution 5000 information line, but this engineering future usage actual transact a number shortage 2000 people, and each information point of the cost be about 500 dollars and by so doing and necessarily result in very big of waste, therefor

45、e in the design must basis actual circumstance reasonably design information point, so then can economy investment cost.in a word: a design of quality direct influence electricity equipments of cost, top return just discussion bigger system of influence, but still have in actually of the minute part

46、 the design many worthy of inquiry into concerning economy cost of, only have process careful of, according to actual circumstance, for future stay a yu quantity again economical investment, so be a good design.中文翻譯：論提高建筑電氣設計的可靠性和經(jīng)濟性合理設計建筑電氣的各個系統(tǒng)和運用先進的電氣設備對滿足建筑功能要求及節(jié)約基建投資是極為重要的。在實際的設計中，往往由于設計的周期短、時間

47、緊、任務重，而對設計的經(jīng)濟性忽視，致使在建筑初期電氣設備投資的浪費。建筑電氣設計的經(jīng)濟性就是電氣設備的初期投資與運行費用達到經(jīng)濟合理?，F(xiàn)在建筑電氣設計分為強電與弱電兩個部分，下面就分別從這兩個部分來討論建筑電氣設計初期投資的經(jīng)濟性。1 .強電部分強電部分的設計主要包括高壓配電系統(tǒng)、低壓配電系統(tǒng)、動力照明干線系統(tǒng)、配電箱系統(tǒng)和導線電纜的敷設等，這一部分設計的基本要求是可靠性、靈活性、安全性?？煽啃愿鶕?jù)用電負荷的等級，保證在各種運行方式下提高供電的連續(xù)性，力求可靠供電。靈活性主結(jié)線力求簡單、明顯、沒有多余的電氣設備；投入或切除某些設備或線路的操作方便。這樣就可以避免誤操作，又能提高運行的可靠性，處

48、理事故也能簡單迅速。靈活性還表現(xiàn)在具有適應的可能性。安全性保證在進行一切操作切換時工作人員和設備的安全，以及能在安全條件下進行維護檢修工作。通常在設計中只要滿足規(guī)范的要求就基本上能滿足上述三點要求，但經(jīng)濟性同樣是設計電氣各系統(tǒng)的重要原則?？紤]經(jīng)濟時，必需從整個建筑的全局出發(fā)，根據(jù)建筑本身的特點，經(jīng)濟合理地設計電氣的各系統(tǒng)，然而可靠性與經(jīng)濟性二者之間既有矛盾的一面也有統(tǒng)一的一面，如果過分強調(diào)可靠性，以配電系統(tǒng)為例，大部分設備由變配電所低壓母線放射式供電，勢必造成設備增多，投資增大，導致不必要的浪費，使經(jīng)濟性下降；如果過分強調(diào)經(jīng)濟性，減少設備，簡化結(jié)線，就必然會可靠性，當發(fā)生事故時會造成較大面積的

49、停電，從而又會帶來損失，可見這樣的結(jié)果是不但降低了可靠性，同時經(jīng)濟性也降低。因此在處理這些矛盾時，應當先滿足可靠性的同時再提高經(jīng)濟性。待添加的隱藏文字內(nèi)容2高壓配電系統(tǒng)是一個工程配電的源頭，因此這一部分的經(jīng)濟性主要體現(xiàn)在不出現(xiàn)故障，造成整個工程斷電，選用合格可靠的產(chǎn)品。低壓配電系統(tǒng)這一部分是一般民用建筑電氣設計的核心部分。低壓配電系統(tǒng)一般是由樹干式配電與放射式配電相結(jié)合而構(gòu)成的，同樣一棟建筑采用同一層次的產(chǎn)品，由于設計系統(tǒng)的不同，會產(chǎn)生很大的價格差，直接影響到基建的初期投資，這里包括系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成與設計時系數(shù)的選用。怎樣才能使系統(tǒng)既經(jīng)濟又安全可靠呢？我們試舉一例，假設某一棟高層公共建筑采用二路高壓

50、進線，采用二臺變壓器，并且在本建筑內(nèi)含有水泵房、冷凍機房，我們通常做法是高壓采用單母線分段運行手動聯(lián)絡（自動聯(lián)絡或不聯(lián)絡）；低壓為母線分段運行，聯(lián)絡開關(guān)設自投自復、自投不自復、手動轉(zhuǎn)換開關(guān)，自投時應自動斷開非保證負荷，以保證變壓器正常工作，主進開關(guān)與聯(lián)絡開關(guān)設電氣聯(lián)鎖，任何情況下只能合其中的兩個開關(guān)，并且為避免動力負荷的啟動干擾照明負荷，通常一臺變壓器的低壓出線主要供給照明負荷，而另一臺變壓器的低壓出線主要供給動力、空調(diào)負荷。如何設計能降低電氣設備的成本呢？可以從兩個方面解決，第一減少低壓柜的出線回路，第二在設計的過程中選擇好需要系數(shù)、同時系數(shù)以及功率因數(shù)，下面就分別從這兩個方面討論：（1）

51、減少低壓柜的出線回路當我們做一個工程的電氣設計時，首先將負荷的種類和位置確定，將同一區(qū)域內(nèi)相同性質(zhì)的負荷，由低壓母線饋出的一個回路供電，這里的同一區(qū)域可以是同一層內(nèi)，也可以是不同樓層但軸線位置相同的區(qū)域，這樣做可以減少低壓柜的出線回路，減少低壓柜的臺數(shù)，降低設備成本，缺點是當出線端故障或饋電回路檢修時會造成大范圍的斷電。然而此種情況在現(xiàn)實中發(fā)生的可能性非常低。例如我們在實際生活中的住宅樓一年或者更長時間基本上不停電，而這種住宅樓的部電源進線大部分都是大容量的單回路供電的，而且現(xiàn)在電氣設備的性能越來越好，通常在不出現(xiàn)電氣故障的情況下是免維護不用檢修的，因此在非重要負荷采用大容量回路出線是可行的，也是降低電氣設備成本的有效。 （2） 正確選擇需要系數(shù)、同時系數(shù)以及功率因數(shù)為什么這幾個系數(shù)要提到呢？因為它們直接影響到一棟建筑電氣設備的投資。功