英語(yǔ)閱讀難句分析

1、破解英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句 注意前面的例句難度太大無(wú)論是什么種類的英語(yǔ)考試，讓同學(xué)們頭痛的事有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)是單詞不認(rèn)識(shí)，另一個(gè)就是單詞都認(rèn)識(shí)，但句子卻看不懂。相信只要這兩個(gè)問(wèn)題解決了，那所有的英語(yǔ)考試的難度就降低了一大半。一、 為什么英語(yǔ)會(huì)存在長(zhǎng)難句?1. 名詞惹的禍有名詞就會(huì)存在修飾成分。名詞后可能是of 短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、形容詞短語(yǔ)、分詞、不定式或者從句，不管其后是哪種成分，一般情況下，名詞后面有一堆東西，這一堆東西一定是修飾或解釋這個(gè)名詞的。比如說(shuō) The girl loves you. 這句話每個(gè)人都能讀懂，超簡(jiǎn)單無(wú)比，但是在高考英語(yǔ)中這種句子如果能存在，就說(shuō)明出題人今年一定是更年期了。首先，英語(yǔ)中只

2、要存在名詞，就會(huì)存在修飾名詞或解釋名詞的東西。所以，The girl 后面可能跟有這些成分。比如 Liu Yan，這個(gè)東西也是名詞，名詞后面還可能有修飾或限定成分，比如 who comes from Chongqing University. 這個(gè)句子中最后一個(gè)成分還是名詞，又可能存在著修飾限定成分，于是又可能來(lái)對(duì)Chongqing University 做解釋，which is a most important universities in china; 這時(shí)同學(xué)們已經(jīng)可以自己推出來(lái)了，China后面還可能有修飾限定成分。同樣的道理，you 后面也可以跟修飾限定成分。這樣，一個(gè)所謂的長(zhǎng)難句

3、就誕生了。The girl, liuxiaoyan, who comes from Chongqing University, which is a most important universities in China, who is my motherland, loves you .在這個(gè)句子當(dāng)中，你還能找出I love you 嗎? 所以有了名詞的存在就有了這么復(fù)雜的限定成分。 讓學(xué)生擴(kuò)展句子：A professor will give us a lecture. 該句的中的兩個(gè)名詞都可以追加修飾成分。2. 動(dòng)詞惹的禍一個(gè)句子中謂語(yǔ)不能多，只能有一個(gè)，所以我們需要把不做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞變成

4、不是動(dòng)詞，如何把一個(gè)動(dòng)詞變成不是動(dòng)詞呢? 三種變法：A.變成to do(不定式); B.變成v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞); C.變成 done(過(guò)去分詞)。比如說(shuō)“他來(lái)看我”，不能翻譯成“he comes see me”;因?yàn)檫@個(gè)句子中只有comes 是謂語(yǔ)，所以see，變成了 to see，這就是動(dòng)詞不定式了。再如這句話，beat you is my fault. 顯然is 是句子的謂語(yǔ)，所以beat 這個(gè)動(dòng)詞就不能作為動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)了，要把它變成beating或者是to beat。也就是說(shuō)，由于以上原因，英語(yǔ)中就存在了分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式了。也就是說(shuō)分詞和不定式可以做英語(yǔ)句子的任何成分，除了不能作謂語(yǔ)。這

5、也就是英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句存在的依據(jù)之二。3. 逗號(hào)惹的禍在漢語(yǔ)中，逗號(hào)完全可以連接兩個(gè)并列完整的句子。比若說(shuō)，“我愛(ài)你，你愛(ài)那條狗”。顯然，寫到作文中，是沒(méi)有任何問(wèn)題的。但是，譯成英語(yǔ)：I love you, you love that dog. 是顯然存在問(wèn)題的，因?yàn)槎禾?hào)不能連接兩個(gè)完全并列的句子。所以正確說(shuō)法如下：A 用連詞連接兩個(gè)并列的句子I love you , but you love that dog. 這樣就有了英語(yǔ)的并列句。在英語(yǔ)中，并列句是個(gè)難點(diǎn)也是重點(diǎn)。因?yàn)橐话銇?lái)說(shuō)，有并列的句子，就會(huì)考到代詞指代或省略。比如：Until these issues are resolved, a t

6、echnology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. 主句是有一個(gè)連詞and 連接的兩個(gè)并列的句子，后面的句子就省略了will continue to be rejected。：翻譯為：（如果）這些問(wèn)題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問(wèn)題的惟一方式也可能隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。B 用主從句來(lái)解決逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，所以把兩個(gè)句子中的一個(gè)變成從句即可。即是：Although I love you, you lov

7、e that dog. / I love you if you love that dog. / I love you so long as you love that dog. (狀語(yǔ)從句) 或I , who love you ,love that dog. (定語(yǔ)從句)C 用分詞做狀語(yǔ)來(lái)解決逗號(hào)不能連接兩個(gè)并列的句子，那只需要把其中的一個(gè)句子變成不是句子就行了。如何把句子變成不是句子?如上所述，只需要把謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成不是動(dòng)詞就可以了。于是，把前面句子中的love 變成loving 就搞定了。即是：I loving you , you love that dog。綜上所述，由于逗號(hào)的原因，我們

8、就有了并列句、從句和分詞或動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)。二、 如何分析長(zhǎng)難句?知道了為什么會(huì)有長(zhǎng)難句，那么我們就要知道如何分析這些句子的成分。首先，糾正一下同學(xué)們分析長(zhǎng)難句的誤區(qū)。那就是拿到一個(gè)句子時(shí)就開始一個(gè)一個(gè)詞地來(lái)翻譯，這不叫句子分析，而是字字對(duì)譯。分析長(zhǎng)難句首先需要尋找下面幾個(gè)點(diǎn)：1. 尋找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞找到了謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就說(shuō)明有句子存在。首先，如何尋找謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞呢?很簡(jiǎn)單，有時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞就一定是謂語(yǔ)。然后，順著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往前找，如果有引導(dǎo)詞存在，說(shuō)明這個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所在的句子就是個(gè)從句，再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞前的單詞判定這是個(gè)什么從句：A. 如果引導(dǎo)詞前是個(gè)名詞，那就根據(jù)情況區(qū)別是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句;B. 如果引導(dǎo)詞前

9、是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，那就說(shuō)明這個(gè)從句是賓語(yǔ)從句;C. 如果引導(dǎo)詞前面是系動(dòng)詞，那就說(shuō)明這個(gè)從句是表語(yǔ)從句;D. 如果其前面是狀語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞，那就說(shuō)明這是個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句;如果順著謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞往前找，卻沒(méi)有引導(dǎo)詞存在，那說(shuō)明這是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，那它的前面就是主語(yǔ)，后面就應(yīng)該是賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive, in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European televi

10、sion networks no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.該句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞已經(jīng)用藍(lán)色體標(biāo)出來(lái)。Demonstrates 前面沒(méi)有引導(dǎo)詞，它就是主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞;is 前有引導(dǎo)詞 that，且that 前是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，所以這是賓語(yǔ)從句;show前有引導(dǎo)詞that，其前是名詞fact，且that在從句中顯然做主語(yǔ)，所以這里有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句;最后一個(gè)動(dòng)詞是took，其前也存在著that，且that前是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，所以took 所在的句子是賓語(yǔ)從句。綜上，本題主句是一個(gè)主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，并且賓語(yǔ)中又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。翻譯：僅僅這一切就足以證實(shí),電視行

11、業(yè)絕非容易生存的地方,統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)表明,歐洲80個(gè)電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)中,在1989年有不少于50%遭受了虧損.2. 尋找并列連詞常見(jiàn)的并列連詞有and, but, yet, or, so, for ,not onlybut also 看到這批單詞，一般就有并列結(jié)構(gòu)存在，并且很可能存在著省略問(wèn)題。They are the possessions of the autonomous (self-governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsibl

12、e for his conduct and given credit for his achievements。并列連詞如上已經(jīng)標(biāo)出，顯然第一個(gè)and 前后的兩個(gè)句子是完全并列的;后面的and 前后兩句話也應(yīng)該是并列的，并且其前的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前有引導(dǎo)詞in which，in which 前又是個(gè)名詞，所以這是由and 引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。因?yàn)榇嬖诓⒘?，所以第二個(gè)定從和第一個(gè)相比，少了in which a person is 。綜上，本句話是由第一個(gè)and 連接的兩個(gè)并列的句子，并且兩個(gè)句子都是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。且and 后面的句子中還有一個(gè)and 引導(dǎo)的兩個(gè)并列定語(yǔ)從句，共同修飾practices。參考

13、譯文 自由和尊嚴(yán)(they)是傳統(tǒng)理論當(dāng)中自治者（自我約束者）擁有的最寶貴的東西，一個(gè)人必須對(duì)其行為負(fù)責(zé)，他的成績(jī)必須得到贊揚(yáng)，在這些實(shí)踐中，自由和尊嚴(yán)是必不可少的。3. 尋找引導(dǎo)詞凡是句子前面總有一個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞，所以只要找到引導(dǎo)詞就找到了從句，再根據(jù)引導(dǎo)詞前的單詞確定其是什么從句(前面已做過(guò)講解此處不再講述)Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of

14、habitual thought in a society.【譯文】 沃爾夫?qū)φZ(yǔ)言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣，逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn)：在一個(gè)社會(huì)中，語(yǔ)言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)?！疚鼍洹?此句的主干為Whorf developed the idea，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)“Being interested in the relationship of language and thought”作狀語(yǔ)，從句that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society是the idea的同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明是

15、什么樣的idea。4. 尋找名詞一般的長(zhǎng)句子中，名詞后只要不是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，一般都有修飾限定成分，即定語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，我們只要能尋找到名詞，其后的東西就確定是修飾或解釋前面的名詞的。The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts. 參考譯文得到了升遷的工人

16、們，成績(jī)進(jìn)步的學(xué)生，學(xué)會(huì)了一門新語(yǔ)言的外國(guó)人一一這些都是那些有可衡量的結(jié)果宋顯示其努力的人們的例證。5. 尋找動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞如上所述，動(dòng)詞只能做謂語(yǔ)，不做謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞要變成不是動(dòng)詞，即分詞和不定式;那就意味著分詞和不定式雖然表達(dá)的意義不同，但是其在句子中所做的成分是完全一樣的。也就是說(shuō)，分詞和不定式除了不能做謂語(yǔ)以外，任何成分都可以充當(dāng)。As she walked round the huge department store, Edith reflected how difficult it was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her

17、 father. She wished that he were as easy to please as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.6. 尋找介詞有介詞一般都會(huì)有介詞短語(yǔ)，在句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievanc

18、e.解析：主句為Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,”逗號(hào)之后的介詞短語(yǔ)with the underlying assumption作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，assumption后that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋前面的名詞assumption。翻譯為：“這種行為被看作是“人之長(zhǎng)情/歸根到底還是人”，其潛在的假定其他動(dòng)物不可能具有如此高度發(fā)達(dá)的不公平意識(shí)?！?7. 復(fù)雜從句找主干when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands that a governme

19、nt wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky a few years ago are now performed every day in U.S. hospitals.8. 熟悉三大從句各自的特點(diǎn)及判斷方法（名詞性從句，形容詞性從句，副詞性從句）英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)中的定語(yǔ)有很大的不同。漢語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)只能前置，而英語(yǔ)中定語(yǔ)既可前置也可后置。兩者的不同，主要表

20、現(xiàn)在結(jié)構(gòu)上，同時(shí)也表現(xiàn)在意義上。1. That the seas are being overfished has been known for years.總所周知，海洋正在被人們過(guò)度捕撈。 上面這個(gè)例子是相對(duì)比較簡(jiǎn)單的主語(yǔ)從句，在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，主語(yǔ)從句通常以it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把真正的主語(yǔ)置后，請(qǐng)看下面的句子： 2. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone direc

21、tories.解析：It has long been known that是一個(gè)固定句式，他的意思是“長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)人們都知道”其中it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是that從句；從句本身又是一個(gè)復(fù)合句，開始是主句 a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars ，其中分詞結(jié)構(gòu)called AAA cars 是后置定語(yǔ)，修飾firm,后面的when 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。英語(yǔ)中為了避免頭重腳輕，通常把較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)放在句子后面，而以放在句首的形式主語(yǔ)it代替它。翻譯為：“人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴嗠娫挷緯r(shí)，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公

22、司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性?！?3. While its true that we all need a career, it is equally true that our civilization has accumulated an incredible amount of knowledge in fields far removed from our own and that we are better for our understanding of these other contributions be they scientific or artistic

23、.此句結(jié)構(gòu)較為清晰,整句話是由while 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和主句構(gòu)成的復(fù)合句。而主句中it充當(dāng)形式主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)則由兩個(gè)that從句充當(dāng)。此句句意為:追求自己的事業(yè)固然無(wú)可厚非,但文明在我們所從事的領(lǐng)域之外卻積累了大量知識(shí),了解這些人類的貢獻(xiàn)無(wú)論是科學(xué)上的還是藝術(shù)上的,都會(huì)使我們得到進(jìn)步,因而它們和追求事業(yè)同等重要。4. It is recounted of Carlyle that when he heard of the illness of his friend, Henry, he went off immediately to visit him, carrying with him

24、in his pocket what remained of a bottle of medicine formerly prescribed for an indisposition of Mrs. Carlyles. 據(jù)說(shuō)，Thomas Carlyle，有過(guò)這樣的事情：當(dāng)他聽到朋友HenryTaylor患病時(shí)，馬上跑去探望他，衣袋里帶著一瓶他的夫人的藥，這瓶藥是她日前患小恙時(shí)配來(lái)吃剩的。第一段是此句的主干，主語(yǔ)是形式主語(yǔ)it（指代后面真正的that主語(yǔ)從句），謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是is recounted , of Carlyle 是范圍狀語(yǔ)。難點(diǎn)在于that從句是一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)復(fù)雜的復(fù)合句，when引

25、導(dǎo)的從句是其中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，其中Henry是friend的同位語(yǔ)；he went off immediately to visit him才是that從句里的主干。Carrying 是went off的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，它的賓語(yǔ)是what從句，因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)的緣故（避免頭重腳輕）被后置，和carrying發(fā)生了分割；而最后面的(with him) (in his pocket )則是carrying的伴隨和方式狀語(yǔ)。formerly prescribed是過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作其前面medicine的后置定語(yǔ)。5. Do you remember all those years when scientists ar

26、gued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didnt know for sure?解析：這個(gè)句子主句是Do you remember all those years，when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中又有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。翻譯為：“還記得科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為吸煙會(huì)致人死亡，而那些懷疑者們卻堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為我們無(wú)法對(duì)此得出定論的時(shí)候嗎？” 6. Cities can attract wild animals without turning them harmful. The core of the problem is that t

27、he government should create habitats where they can be self-sufficient but still be seen and appreciated. 可譯為:政府部門應(yīng)當(dāng)提供適合野生動(dòng)物生存的棲息地,使市民在觀賞動(dòng)物的同時(shí),也給他們一席自給自足的空間。7. The fact that ordinary citizens are now starting to think seriously about the nations moral climate, says this ethics professor (Elshtain) a

28、t the University of Chicago, is reason to hope that new ideas will come forward to improve it. 此句的主語(yǔ)為the fact,其后that 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)所修飾名詞fact做進(jìn)一步解釋,說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容,該從句句意為:普通公民開始認(rèn)真思考整個(gè)國(guó)家的道德氛圍。謂語(yǔ)部分為:is reason to hope。而that new ideas will come forward to improve it 顯然為動(dòng)詞hope的賓語(yǔ)從句,可翻譯為:涌現(xiàn)新的觀點(diǎn)以提高國(guó)民道德水準(zhǔn)。says this ethics

29、 professor (Elshtain) at the University of Chicago前后用逗號(hào)隔開,則可當(dāng)作插入語(yǔ)。8. The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some work out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to go park, see duck. （2011，浙江，D）9. Perhaps alcoholism

30、 and drug addiction really are diseases, as many people say, but my own feeling- based, of course, not on any serious study- is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the undeserving poor.這個(gè)句子中，but這個(gè)連詞告訴了我們，這句話由兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成，而考生大可在以后的考試中記住，連詞的出現(xiàn)意味著有兩個(gè)句子。那么兩個(gè)句子中，第一個(gè)句子非常簡(jiǎn)單，雙逗號(hào)不讀，得出句意：酒癮和毒癮都是病。but后面的

31、句子比較復(fù)雜，但是按照步驟來(lái)，雙破折號(hào)不讀，that作為表語(yǔ)從句先安置一個(gè)標(biāo)志再回頭讀，所以現(xiàn)在讀出的句意為：我個(gè)人的感覺(jué)是that。請(qǐng)讀者看下面一個(gè)例子：10. This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to this conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in d

32、etail.這個(gè)句子的主干是什么呢？按照步驟來(lái)，during引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不讀，when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不讀，所以整個(gè)句子最核心的意思就是：This trend began.這種潮流開始了。一個(gè)令人發(fā)指頭疼欲裂的句子，竟然可以縮減為這樣短的程度，高考閱讀還有什么難的呢？但是，細(xì)心的讀者一定會(huì)注意到這一點(diǎn)，這個(gè)句子的整體意思我看懂了，可是當(dāng)問(wèn)題提問(wèn)細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)我該怎么辦呢？這句話的細(xì)節(jié)是when引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中套嵌一個(gè)同位語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中再套定語(yǔ)從句，這種超級(jí)復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)一旦出題，怕是有一大半考生將被斬落馬下吧。9. of 結(jié)構(gòu)的歸屬The emphasis given by both scho

33、lars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade.10. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的歸屬The years went on, then one day I was hurrying about my kitchen in a city apartment, trying to get some wo

34、rk out of the way while my three-year-old insistently cried her desire to go park, see duck.11. 轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的句子Perhaps alcoholism and drug addiction really are diseases, as many people say, but my own feeling- based, of course, not on any serious study- is that most alcoholics and drug addicts belong to the

35、 undeserving poor.如果考生but后面的句子看不懂，但是依然想要理解句意，怎么辦？這里筆者介紹一個(gè)方法：邏輯判斷法。邏輯判斷法非常簡(jiǎn)單，就是先看連詞是什么邏輯，然后進(jìn)行方向性的判斷。比如上面的句子，but是個(gè)非常典型的轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，看不懂后面的句子，沒(méi)關(guān)系，看懂前面的就好了，前面說(shuō)酒癮和毒癮都是病，后面一個(gè)but，甚至都不用往后看，就知道，我肯定不這么認(rèn)為。整個(gè)句意就立刻明晰了。不費(fèi)吹灰之力。那么，我們可以得出一個(gè)結(jié)論，以后遇到所有表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞，都可以用邏輯判斷法推理出句意。比如，下面這句話：All of the students consider Liu Yang as a

36、 great teacher, I think he is not that perfect.前面說(shuō)了所有人都認(rèn)為劉旸是個(gè)非常好的老師，后面一個(gè)但是，說(shuō)明，有的人不這樣認(rèn)為。這句話的意思就完全讀出來(lái)了。 長(zhǎng)難句練習(xí)（前31個(gè)為湖北省高考英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)難句）1. No evolutionary strategies informed them how to behave in this new landscape of mountainous pine forest unoccupied by their king for 50 years.沒(méi)有進(jìn)化理論告知它們應(yīng)該如何在這片松林山區(qū)的新風(fēng)景中生存，盡管

37、這片松林山區(qū)50年前曾經(jīng)是它們的天下。2. If justice were done, the Swiss watch industry should have closed down when the Japanese discovered how to make accurate watches for a five-pound note.如果事事公道的話，瑞士制表工業(yè)在日本人發(fā)現(xiàn)如何制造精確手表并且只要花費(fèi)5磅就可以買到的時(shí)候就已經(jīng)倒閉了。3. But when fashion moves on, the owner of that 350,000 beauty will suddenl

38、y find his pride and joy is no more a good investment than my childhood Timex.但是隨著時(shí)尚的前行，那塊價(jià)值350000英鎊的表的所有者在那瞬間會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)：他得到的驕傲和快樂(lè)并不比我童年獲得的Timex表時(shí)的多。4. A few years ago, Paul Gerner began to gather a group of architects in Las Vegas to ask them what it would take to design a public school that used 50 perce

39、nt less energy, cost much less to build and obviously improved student learning.數(shù)年前，Paul Gerner在拉斯維加斯組織了一群建筑師，問(wèn)他們“設(shè)計(jì)一所使用不到一半的能源，低成本，并能明顯提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)效率的公立學(xué)校需要些什么”。5. Green schools are appearing all over, but in Clark County, which stands out for its vastness, such aggressive targets are difficult because d

40、esign requirements like more natural light for students go against the realities of a desert climate.綠色學(xué)校在不斷的出現(xiàn)，但是在Clark鎮(zhèn)上由于其規(guī)模尤為浩大脫穎而出。實(shí)現(xiàn)這個(gè)宏偉目標(biāo)非常困難，因?yàn)樵O(shè)計(jì)要求為學(xué)生提供更多的自然光，這與現(xiàn)實(shí)的沙漠氣候相違背。6. Should we go even further in relaxing the boundaries of time until we live in a world in which every minute is much l

41、ike every other?是否我們應(yīng)該更進(jìn)一步放松時(shí)間的邊界，直到我們生活的這個(gè)世界中里的每一分鐘都很相像嗎？7. Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones.發(fā)現(xiàn)年長(zhǎng)的孩子欺負(fù)弟弟或妹妹的家長(zhǎng)，可能通過(guò)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和更加關(guān)心受傷害的孩子代替斥責(zé)和懲罰傷害者的方法，效果會(huì)更好。8. How

42、ever, what he didnt know was that the first sting had turned his body into a time bomb waiting for the next to set off an explosion. 然而，他并不知道的是他的第一次被蜇已經(jīng)將他的身體變成了再蜇一次便隨即爆炸的定時(shí)炸彈。9. Only after a weeks leave-during which he read novels, listened to music and walked with his wife on a beach-was Rudenstine

43、 able to return to work.只有在一周休息之后在此期間，他閱讀小說(shuō)，欣賞音樂(lè)，和妻子在海灘散步Rudenstine才能回去工作。10. We say this to one another as if our tireless efforts were a talent by nature and an ability to successfully deal with stress. 我們口耳相傳，就好像我們不知疲倦的努力是自然的天賦，而且是一種可以很好得應(yīng)付壓力的能力。11. It is a day when we are not supposed to work, a

44、 time when we devote ourselves to enjoying and celebrating what is beautiful. 這一天我們不去工作，是我們?nèi)硇南硎芎蛻c祝美好事物的一天。12. Downing the last drop of an expensive famous brand H2O as well as remembering to throw the empty bottle in the recycling bin, makes you feel pretty good about yourself, It shouldnt. 喝下最后一滴名

45、貴的品牌水的同時(shí)又記得把空瓶子丟進(jìn)了可回收垃圾桶里，使你感覺(jué)到很舒服，不應(yīng)該是這樣的。13. Consider another fact that bottled water is surprisingly expensive, especially when compared with the alternative, which is almost free, and it is astonishing that Americas desire for bottled water seems impossible to satisfy, reaching nearly 30 billion

46、 bottles a year.考慮一下另一個(gè)事實(shí)，即瓶裝水出人意料的昂貴，尤其當(dāng)與它的幾乎免費(fèi)的替換物相比的時(shí)候，然而令人驚訝的是，在美國(guó)，如今每年產(chǎn)量已達(dá)到約300億瓶，可瓶裝水的需求好像仍無(wú)法被滿足。14. I dont know how to express what it is like to watch the once handsome man you love and intend to live with forever dying slowly.我不知道怎么來(lái)表達(dá)看著一個(gè)你愛(ài)的曾經(jīng)英俊并且想要和你永遠(yuǎn)在一起的人慢慢死去的感受。15. How can a creature w

47、eighing over 5 tons and normally taking 150 kilograms of food and 120 liters of water per day survive in a desert environment?一個(gè)體重超過(guò)五噸，而且通常每天要吃掉150千克食物，喝掉120升水的生物是怎么在沙漠環(huán)境中生存的？16. We imagine a world in which a beer company could find out not only when you bought a beer but also when you drank it, and

48、 how many beers, accompanied by how many biscuits.我們可以設(shè)想這樣一個(gè)世界，啤酒公司不僅可以知道你在什么時(shí)候買了啤酒，更可以知道你什么時(shí)候喝啤酒，甚至喝了多少啤酒，同時(shí)還可以知道你吃了多少餅干。17. Join the thousands of professionals and international travelers who depend on Champs-Elysees, Schau ins Land, Puerta del Sol, and Acquerelo italiano to help them stay in touc

49、h with the languages and cultures they love.加入數(shù)千名專家和由Chanps Elysees, Schan ins Land, Puerta del Sol和Acquerello intaliano組成的國(guó)際旅行者，去幫助他們保持住他們熱愛(ài)的語(yǔ)言和文化的聯(lián)系。18. Designed to help you greatly improve your listening, vocabulary, and cultural IQ, these unique European audio magazines are guaranteed to give yo

50、u enthusiasm and determination to study the language or your money back!為了幫助你顯著提高你的聽力、詞匯和文化智商而設(shè)計(jì)，這些獨(dú)一無(wú)二的歐洲有聲雜志保證會(huì)帶給你學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的熱情和決心，或者足以使你回本。19. Have you ever received a gift that was so clearly not your taste that you wondered if perhaps it had been handed to you by mistake? Worse, have you ever given a

51、 present and watched your friend look as though she had opened the wrong box?你曾經(jīng)收到過(guò)這樣的禮物嗎？它明顯不符合你的口味以至于你會(huì)想是不是送錯(cuò)了。更糟的是，你有沒(méi)有送過(guò)這樣一個(gè)禮物給朋友，然后發(fā)現(xiàn)你的朋友看起來(lái)好像是她開錯(cuò)了盒子？20. When, two weeks later, I saw the boy again, I was more aware of my position in a society where its not that uncommon to see a little boy who

52、should be in school standing on the corner selling fruit in the burning sun.兩個(gè)星期之后，當(dāng)我又看到那個(gè)小男孩，我更加注意到我在這樣一個(gè)社會(huì)中的位置，在這個(gè)社會(huì)中，一個(gè)本應(yīng)該在上學(xué)的小男孩卻頂著烈日站在角落里賣水果確實(shí)是很平常的事情。21. My parents had raised me to be aware of the advantage we had been afforded and the responsibility it brought to us.我的父母教育我，讓我意識(shí)到我們被給予優(yōu)勢(shì)的同時(shí)也帶給

53、我們的責(zé)任。22. Counting the number of miles traveled done by a product is a strange way of trying to tell the true situation of the environmental damage done by an industry.通過(guò)計(jì)算運(yùn)送產(chǎn)品的距離來(lái)試圖說(shuō)明工業(yè)對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞是一種奇怪的方式。23. It should be noted that a ton of butter transported 25 miles in a truck to a farmers market doe

54、s not necessarily use less fuel on its journey than a similar product transported hundreds of miles by sea.應(yīng)該注意到，用卡車運(yùn)輸一噸黃油25英里到農(nóng)貿(mào)市場(chǎng)所耗的燃料不一定比用船運(yùn)送同樣的產(chǎn)品數(shù)百英里少。24. He knows that ninety nine percent of human conversation means no more than the buzzing of a fly, but he is anxious to join in the buzz and to

55、 prove that he is a man and not a waxwork figure.他知道99%的人的所說(shuō)的話和一只蒼蠅發(fā)出的嗡嗡聲沒(méi)有太大區(qū)別，但是他卻擔(dān)心不能加入到談話中，不能去證明他是一個(gè)人而不是一尊蠟塑。25. Birds sing loudest in the spring when they are trying to attract a mate and warn others not to enter the territory of theirs.在春季，當(dāng)鳥類試圖吸引配偶以及警告其它鳥不要進(jìn)入它們的領(lǐng)地的時(shí)候叫得最大聲。 26. In order to hav

56、e no trouble with the police, he had a talk with some of the police officers, who ordered their policemen to look the other way when the car came along the road.為了不和警察產(chǎn)生糾紛，他和一些警官交談了一下，這些警官命令他們下屬的警察在汽車沿路開來(lái)的時(shí)候看另外一邊。27. The robotic vehicles, though with necessary modern equipment such as advanced compu

57、ters and GPS guidance, had trouble figuring out fast enough the blocks ahead that a two-year-old human recognizes immediately,盡管是裝有高級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)和GPS導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng)這些必要的現(xiàn)代裝備的智能車輛，也不能很快識(shí)別出一個(gè)連兩歲的孩子都能立即辨別出的障礙物。28. Animals ability to act reasonably is believed to come partly from what we may call “genetic learning”, which

58、is different from the individual learning that an animal does in the course of its own lifetime.動(dòng)物做出合理行為的能力被認(rèn)為部分是來(lái)自我們所說(shuō)的“遺傳性的知識(shí)”，這種知識(shí)區(qū)別于動(dòng)物個(gè)體在生活中所學(xué)到的那些。29. Genetic learning is learning by a species animals of the same kindas a whole, and it is achieved by selection of those members of each generation that happen to act in the