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1、小學(xué)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識大全藍(lán)本小學(xué)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識大全藍(lán)本 編輯整理:尊敬的讀者朋友們:這里是精品文檔編輯中心,本文檔內(nèi)容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發(fā)布的,發(fā)布之前我們對文中內(nèi)容進(jìn)行仔細(xì)校對,但是難免會有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(小學(xué)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識大全藍(lán)本)的內(nèi)容能夠給您的工作和學(xué)習(xí)帶來便利。同時也真誠的希望收到您的建議和反饋,這將是我們進(jìn)步的源泉,前進(jìn)的動力。本文可編輯可修改,如果覺得對您有幫助請收藏以便隨時查閱,最后祝您生活愉快 業(yè)績進(jìn)步,以下為小學(xué)英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識大全藍(lán)本的全部內(nèi)容。58小學(xué)英語語法匯總(藍(lán)本)可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞“分家” 一、可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞的區(qū)別 可數(shù)名詞是可

2、以按個數(shù)來計算的普通名詞,分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體,如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物,如people,family 等)。不可數(shù)名詞是不能按個數(shù)來計算的普通名詞,分為物質(zhì)名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質(zhì),如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質(zhì)等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。 強(qiáng)調(diào):不可數(shù)名詞默認(rèn)為單數(shù),用is或者was;不要根據(jù)some、any、a lot of等詞去

3、作判斷。二、可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事 可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時,用單數(shù)形式;指兩個或多個人或事物時用復(fù)數(shù)形式。名詞由單數(shù)形式變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的規(guī)則如下: 1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加s 。 如:book books house houses day days 讀音:清輔音后讀s,濁輔音和元音后讀z。 2. 以s,ss,ch,sh, x 結(jié)尾的在詞尾加es 。 如:bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes 讀音:iz3. 以輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的,將y改為i再加es。如 city cities factory

4、 factories 讀音:z4。 以f 或fe 結(jié)尾的,將f或fe改為v再加-es.如:half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives thief-thieves 讀音:z5. 特例(??? child children mousemice man men womanwomen policeman policemen (規(guī)律:man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 注:黑人 英雄 土豆 西紅柿加es其余加s,,如:photo photos hero heroes negronegroes 讀音:z fo

5、ot feet tooth teeth oo變ee sheep, chinese, japanese, fish單、復(fù)數(shù)同形 people單數(shù)形式表示復(fù)數(shù)意義,要求謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù);people的復(fù)數(shù)形式peoples通常指”多個民族. 三、 不可數(shù)名詞的家務(wù)事 1. 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù),作句子主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式. 如:the food is very fresh。2。 有的不可數(shù)名詞也可以作可數(shù)名詞,有復(fù)數(shù)形式,但意義發(fā)生變化。 如:water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時為不可數(shù),表種類時就可數(shù),意

6、義不發(fā)生變化。如: fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs 4。 計算不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,要在數(shù)詞和不可數(shù)名詞之間加上“量詞+of如:a glass of water a piece of paper a bottle of juice 5.判斷步驟: 如是am、is或was原形 讀句子讀該單詞認(rèn)識該單詞理解意思看be動詞 如是are或were加s或esa。用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. how many_(sheep) are there on the hill? 2。 there is some_(food) in the basket。

7、3. the baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4。 there is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. there are five_(people ) in his family。 6。 lets take_(photo), ok? 7。 i have lots of_(tomato) here。 8。 the_(leaf) on the tree turnyellow。 9. the_(child) are playing games on the playground now. 10。 their_(dictionary)

8、 look new. 11。 i see you have a few white_(hair)。 12。 they are_(woman) doctors。 13. can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. there are many_(fox) in the picture. 15。 i would like some apple_(juice)。 i am very thirsty. 16。are there two ( box ) on the table? 17.i can see some ( people )

9、 in the cinema. 18.how many ( day ) are there in a week? 19.herere five ( bottle ) of ( juice ) for you。 20。this ( violin ) is hers。 those ( grape ) are over there.參考答案:1.sheep 2。 food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9。 children 10. dictionaries 11。 hair, hairs 12。 women

10、13. orange 14. foxes 15。 juice b.寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) i _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief_engineer_peach_sandwich_woman_ leaf_ people_冠 詞 冠詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用,通常放在名詞的前面,分為“不定冠詞和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞:a、an用在單數(shù)名詞前,表“一個,一件”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。 如:an ema

11、il, an orange, an old man, an english watch, an hour2、 定冠詞:the用在單數(shù)或者復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,沒有具體意思,翻譯為這、那?;居梅ǎ?(1)表特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如:the map on the wall is new。 (2)表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如:look at the picture, please。 (3)表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如:this is a stamp. the stamp is beautiful. (4)用在表示世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前。如:the sun太陽 the moon月亮 the

12、 earth地球 (5)用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如:the great wall長城 (6)用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。 如:the changjiang river長江 (7)序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級、樂器等詞前和一些習(xí)慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the. 如:the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class練一練:1、用a或an填空._ “u”_ icecream _ goalkeeper_ teapot_ apple_ office _ english book_ umbrella _ unit_ hour 2、根

13、據(jù)需要,填寫冠詞a,an或the。(1)who is_girl behind_tree?(2)_old man has two children,_ son and_daughter.(3)this is_ orange._ orange is lucys。(4)he likes playing_guitar。 we have_same hobby。(5)we all had_good time last sunday。(6)she wants to be_doctor。數(shù) 詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少,而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現(xiàn)。區(qū)別:基數(shù)詞前沒有“the”;序數(shù)詞前

14、要有“the”。 1、超過二十以上的兩位數(shù)需要在個位和十位之間加上“”.如:21 twenty-one 2、三位數(shù)以上的需在百位數(shù)后再加上and。 如:101 one hundred and one 3、基數(shù)詞修飾可數(shù)名詞時,別忘了其復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如:十八個男孩eighteen boys 4、基數(shù)詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞時,如是復(fù)數(shù),變其量詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 如:兩碗米飯 two bowls of rice 5、序數(shù)詞一般加“th”,特殊的:first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 二十及二十以外的整十:twentieth, thirtieth, f

15、ortieth “第幾十幾”:前面整十不變,后面“幾”改為序數(shù)詞:88eighty-eighth練一練: 1、請翻譯下列短語. (1)60名學(xué)生(2)15本英語書 (3)九杯涼水 (4)4個孩子 (5)12月31(6)6月2日 (7)第九周(8)40年前 (9)11+7(10)上學(xué)第一天 2、把下列基數(shù)詞改成序數(shù)詞. onetwo- three- nine- fourteen twenty- thirtyfive-eightyone代 詞代詞有兩種:人稱代詞和物主代詞。 1、人稱代詞分為:第一、第二、第三人稱,且有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。 2、人稱代詞的主格做主語,用在動詞前(疑問句除外);賓格做賓語,用

16、于動詞、介詞后. 3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用,后面一定要跟名詞,表示該名詞是屬于誰的。 4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 如:this is my bag。 = this is mine。 that is her ruler。 = that is hers. 看后面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞;如無,就用名詞性物主代詞. 牢記:單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)人稱 代詞主格iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyou

17、rstheirs 練一練: 1。把表補(bǔ)充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits 2.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 1)that is not _ kite. that kite is very small, but _ is very big。 ( i ) 2)the dress is _。 give it to _。 ( she ) 3)is this _ watch? ( you ) no, its not _ . ( i ) 4)_ is my broth

18、er。 _ name is jack。 look! those stamps are _. ( he ) 5)_ dresses are red。 ( we ) what color are _? ( you ) 6)show _ your kite, ok? ( they ) 7)i have a beautiful cat。 _name is mimi. these cakes are _。 ( it ) 8)are these _ tickets? no, _ are not _。 _ arent here。 ( they ) 9)shall _ have a look at that

19、classroom? that is _ classroom。 ( we ) 10)_ is my aunt。 do you know _ job? _is a nurse。 ( she ) 11)where are _? i cant find _。 lets call _ parents。 ( they ) 12)dont touch _。 _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it ) 13)_ sister is ill. please go and see _. ( she ) 14)the girl behind _ is our friend。 ( she

20、 )形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表某一事或人的特征,副詞表示某一動作的特征。 形容詞和副詞有三種形式:原形、比較級、最高級。 比較級:+er 最高級:the +est 兩個重要特征:asas中間一定用原形,than的前面一定要+er. 2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化: (1)直接+er.如:tall - taller, fast - faster單音節(jié)詞如果以e結(jié)尾,只加-r。如:late - later (2)重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫該字母,再加-er.如:big bigger, fat - fatter (3)以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的詞,變y為i,再加-er。 如:heavy h

21、eavier, early earlier (4)雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應(yīng)在原級前加more構(gòu)成.如:beautiful - more beautiful, careful more careful,quietly more quietly,interesting more interesting (5)不規(guī)則變化,須逐一記憶。 如:good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder練一練:a.寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。big good long tall old sh

22、ort thin heavy young fat light strong high far low early late well fast slow b.用括號內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1) i can swim as_ ( fast ) as the fish, i think.2) look! his hands are_ ( big ) than mine。3) i think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) whose bag is_ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) does jim

23、 run as_(slow ) as david? yes, but mike runs_ ( slow ) than them。6) you have seven books, but i have_ ( many ) than you。 i ha ve ten。7) i jump_ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class。8) im very_ ( thin ), but shes_ ( thin ) than me.9) it gets_and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here。介 詞 1、一種虛詞,不能單獨(dú)作句

24、子成分,只有跟它后面的賓語一起構(gòu)成介詞短語,才能起作用。 有:in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of 2、表時間的有:at, on, in (1)at表“在某一個具體的時間點(diǎn)上,或在固定詞組中:at 9:30 a。m。, at night, at the weekend(2)on表示“在某日或某日的時間段” :on friday, on the first of october, on

25、 monday morning (3)in表示“在某一段時間(月份、季節(jié))里” :in the afternoon, in september, in summer, in 2005 3、in還有其他的固搭:in blue,in english,take part in練一練:1、選用括號內(nèi)恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。1) whats this_ ( at, on, in ) english?2) christmas is_ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of december。3) the man_ ( with, on, in ) black is su hais father。4)

26、 he doesnt do well_ ( at, on, in ) pe。5) look at those birds_ ( on, in ) the tree。6) we are going to meet_ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop_ ( at, on, in ) half past ten。7) is there a cat_ ( under, behind, in ) the door?8) helens writing paper is_ ( in, in front of ) her computer。9) we live_ ( at, on, in

27、 ) a new house now。10) does it often rain_ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中運(yùn)用不恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。1) jim is good in english and maths. 2) the films were in the ground just now。 3) they are talking to their plans. 4) how many students have their birthdays on may? 5) womens day is at the third of march。 6) i c

28、an jog to school on the morning. 7) did you water trees at the farm? 8) can you come and help me on my english? 9) i usually take photos in sunday morning。 10) what did you do on the spring festival? 動 詞 動詞包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞(就是我們平時總說的那種動詞).動詞、名詞和形容詞的區(qū)分方法:先用“一(量詞)”(如:一個、一張等)和該詞相連,如說得通,是名詞;說不通再用“很”判

29、斷,把“很”和該詞相連,說得通就是形容詞;都說不通即動詞。1、 be動詞( am, is, are, was, were ) 1)amwas, is was, are-were 口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復(fù)數(shù)全用are。 2)肯定和否定句 i am (not) from london。 he is(not) a teacher。 she is(not) in the dining room. my hair is(not) long. 3)一般疑問句 am i a chinese? yes, you are. no, you arent。 are they ameri

30、can? yes, they are。 no, they arent. is the cat fat? yes, it is。 no, it isnt. 4)be動詞的否定形式: am not(沒有縮寫形式), are not = arent , is not = isnt 練一練:1、用be動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空. 1)i _ a boy. _ you a boy? 2)the girl_ jacks sister. 3)the dog _ tall and fat。 4)the man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5)_ your brother in the cla

31、ssroom?6)how _ your father? 7)mike and liu tao _ at school。 8)whose dress _ this? 9)whose socks _ they? 10)who _ i? 11)the jeans _ on the desk. 12)here _ a scarf for you。13)here _ some sweaters for you. 14)the black gloves _ for su yang. 15)this pair of gloves _ for yang ling. 16)the two cups of mil

32、k _ for me。17)some tea _ in the glass。 18)gao shans shirt _ over there.19)my sisters name _nancy. 20)_ david and helen from england?21)there _ a girl in the room. 22)there _ some apples on the tree. 23)_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24)there _ some bread on the plate。25)you, he and i _ from

33、china. 26)there _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park。 2、助動詞( do, does, did ) do, does用于一般現(xiàn)在時,其過去式did用于一般過去時。通常用在疑問句和否定句中。 否定形式:do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。 注意:在一般現(xiàn)在時中,does用于第三人稱單數(shù),其余一律用助動詞do;助動詞do, does, did后面一定要用動詞原形。1) _you like this magazine? 2) the girl_l

34、ike bread for breakfast.3) -what_ she_ at the weekends? -she usually plays games with her friends。4) -wha_ you do last sunday? -i wrote to my friend。5) did you see a beijing opera? -no, i_.6) he_not visit a farm last national day holiday. 7) they_ not like playing volleyball。8) _jim have a picnic wi

35、th his family every saturday? -yes, he 。9)_helen and yang ling go to school on foot every day?10) how many kites_we have? -we have ten.3、情態(tài)動詞 情態(tài)動詞很特殊,平時不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中. 情態(tài)動詞有:can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must 注:情態(tài)動詞后動詞用原形。(不受任何條件影響)否定形式:can not = cant, must not = must

36、nt, 注:may not和shall not(無縮寫形式)練一練:選擇填空。( ) 1) the sign on the wall means you_stay away from the building。 a. must b。 cant c。 shouldnt( ) 2) how many books_ you see on the desk? a. may b。 can c。 should( ) 3) it means you_ make noise in the library。 a. should b. shouldnt c. can( ) 4) _you like a glass

37、 of milk? - yes, please. a. may b. could c. would( ) 5)_you see the sign over there? - sorry, i cant。 a. can b. cant c。 should( ) 6)_ we go to the park by bus? a。 may b. must c. shall4、 行為動詞 即平時上課時說的動詞,表示某一動作或行為。如:sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學(xué)過它們的四種形式:原形、第三人稱單數(shù)+s/es、現(xiàn)在分詞(也叫動名詞)+ing、過去式+ed。(1)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)變化規(guī)則: a、

38、一般直接加“s”: play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ; b、以“s”,“x,“sh,“ch結(jié)尾時,加“es: catch catches, watch watches ; c、以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾時,變“y”為“i”再加“es”: carry carries, study studies .(2)現(xiàn)在分詞(動名詞)構(gòu)成規(guī)則: a、一般直接加“ing : go going, look looking ; b、以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾,去“e” 加“ing : take taking, make making, have having ; c、以重讀閉音

39、節(jié)結(jié)尾的詞,如末尾只有一個輔音字母,需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”: put putting, stop stopping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。(3)過去式構(gòu)成規(guī)則: a、一般直接加“ed” : plant planted, pick picked ; b、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結(jié)尾,直接加“ed” :like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ; c、“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾,變“y”

40、為“i”再加“ed” :try tried, carry carried, study studied ; d、有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母,再加“ed :stop stopped ; e、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的: 是am(be)was-being; 是-are(be)werebeing; 是be-was, were-being; 成為-become-became-becoming; 開始begin-beganbeginning; 彎曲-bend-bentbending; 吹blow-blew-blowing; 買-buy-boughtbuying; 能can-could; 捕捉-catc

41、hcaught-catching; 選擇choose-chose-choosing; 來-come-camecoming; 切-cutcutcutting; 做do, doesdid-doing; 畫-drawdrew-drawing; 飲-drinkdrank-drinking; 吃-eat-ate-eating; 感覺-feelfeltfeeling; 發(fā)現(xiàn)findfoundfinding; 飛flyflewflying; 忘記-forget-forgot-forgetting;得到get-gotgetting; 給-give-gave-giving; 走-gowent-going;成長growgrewgrowing; 有-have, has-had-having; 聽-hear-heardhearing;受傷-hurthurthurting; 保持keepkeptkeeping; 知道-knowknew-knowing;學(xué)習(xí)learn-learned, learntlearning;允許,讓letlet-letting; 躺-lie-laylying;制造-makemade-making; 可以-m

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