物流外文文獻及翻譯

1、 Company number：【W(wǎng)TUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998】物流外文文獻及翻譯文獻出處: Mahpula A. The Research of Regional Logistics Competitiveness J. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015, 15(2): 30-34.原文The Research of Regional Logistics CompetitivenessMahpula AAbstractAt present, the development of logistics is the logis

2、tics demand rapid increase, the expanding market capacity, accelerates the construction of logistics infrastructure, third-party logistics fast growth the tendency, the whole logistics industry is developing in the direction of the information, globalization and specialization. At the same time, wit

3、h the rapid increase of logistics demand, the development of the regional logistics more rapidly. Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy ther

4、e would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and the level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Regional economic integra

5、tion can make the area and regional logistics incline to reasonable, adapt to reasonable layout of industrial structure, to reduce logistics cost, promote the development of regional logistics. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logis

6、tics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Therefore, the development of the regional logistics has become to improve the regional

7、investment environment and industry development environment, expanding the scope of the regional influence, the key to enhancing regional competitiveness.Keywords: Regional logistics; Regional logistics competitiveness; Evaluation index1 IntroductionThe rapid development of world economy and the pro

8、gress of modern science and technology, the logistics industry as an emerging service industry, is developing rapidly in the global scope. Internationally, logistics industry is considered to be the economic development of the artery and basic industry, its development degree become to measure a cou

9、ntrys modernization degree and comprehensive national strength, one of the important marks is known as the third profit source of the enterprise, its role is more and more big, became the current after the IT industry, financial industrys hottest emerging industry a new growth point of national econ

10、omy, and caused widespread social attention. Regional logistics is an important component of regional economy, is the important force in the formation and development of regional economy, it is to improve the efficiency and economic benefit in the field of regional circulation, improve the competiti

11、ve ability of regional market, etc., plays a positive role in active. Behind the rapid development of modern logistics, however, there are still many problems; including logistics competitiveness level is lower than the level of logistics development is particularly prominent. Choosing logistics com

12、petitiveness development level evaluation index, since there is no uniform standard, can only use freight or freight turnover scale to measure logistics. Implementation of goods transport is the process of logistics spatial displacement at the center of the link, with the two indicators to measure l

13、ogistics scale has certain scientific, but it cant reflect the outline of the regional logistics. Estimates of logistics demand, typically based on GDP and total retail sales of social consumer goods such as index of national economic accounting. This is just a simple measure of the macro level, the

14、 proportion of different researchers use different, ranging from teens to twenty percent, there are large difference between the results and gives theoretical analysis greater difficulties. At the same time, the logistics industrys economic statistical data shortage, there is no comprehensive logist

15、ics demand statistics, which made us qualitative understanding of the level of understanding of logistics.2 Literature reviewAbout the Core Competence theory, Core Competence (Core Competence) of the original intention is the Core skills or Core skills, this concept is in 1990 by the American strate

16、gic management experts made rahalad) and Britains strategic management experts hamer (c. amel), refers to the enterprise organization of accumulating knowledge, especially about how to coordinate different production skills and integrate a variety of technical knowledge, and on the basis of advantag

17、e over other competitors unique ability, namely Core Competence is built on the basis of enterprise Core resources, is the enterprise intelligence, technology, products, management, culture and other elements in the reflection of comprehensive advantage in the market. At present there are three typi

18、cal academic argument: the ability theory represented by Rossby and Christies school; School represented by porters theory of market structure; Represented by Werner Phil and Penroses theory of resource school. Core competitiveness is value, the ability to integrated, uniqueness, extensibility and i

19、nherent characteristics.Related theory, the study of regional logistics, the logistics research of Europe and the United States, Japan and other developed countries, focus on the enterprise level, is committed to providing enterprise optimization strategy. And regional logistics system and competiti

20、veness research, involved. According to literature review, the regional international logistics field of research mainly includes the following aspects: (1) from the perspective of multinational company research the global logistics resources configuration and coordination problems. Specific include

21、 logistics infrastructure, market competition mechanism and the problem of logistics supply chain operation. Such research quantification technology such as using the operational research tools, more for the global network of supply chain facility location positioning, and coordinate the factory mor

22、e support, strategic distribution system design problem. This is an extension of the logistics enterprise level optimization study, the commonly used methods include mathematical analytical method, system simulation method and heuristic methods, etc. If only one method and graphical method solving t

23、he problem of the layout of the site; Mixed integer programming solve the problem of site selection of logistics center and logistics planning, etc.(2) from the perspective of urban economy and the environment, the research of urban traffic network Settings. For example Tanjguchietal from the city l

24、evel, using a dynamic traffic simulation model, quantitative research economic growth, the transport demand, as well as the related road congestion and environmental pollution.(3) from the point of view of the city government, study its role in macro logistics development and utility. For example Me

25、irJ. R and Senblatt, studied the global supply chain management in infrastructure financing, transportation and regional trading rules, corporate tax law of the government subsidies, and other effects of the main factors of global production and distribution network, etc.3 Introduction to the theory

26、 of regional logistics related The definition of regional logisticsAcademic definition of regional logistics has not yet unified, a more accepted view is that regional logistics is the geographical environment in a certain area, with large and medium-sized cities as the center, based on the regional

27、 scale and scope economy, combined with effective logistics service scope, area inside and outside of all kinds of goods from the supplier to accept to effective entity flow; Is the transport, storage, loading and unloading, handling, distribution, packaging, circulation processing, information proc

28、essing, such as integrated logistics activities, to service in the composite system of regional economic development. It requires the integration, the integration of logistics management, namely to meet user needs for the purpose, to the goods, services and related information from the supplier to a

29、ccept to the efficient flow of planning, execution, and control activities, is the organic unity of cash-flow, information flow and cash flow. Relationship of regional logistics subject, object and carrierRegional logistics has the characteristics of multi-level and multi-dimensional structure, its

30、basic elements include logistics main body, object and logistics carrier, and the structure of the basic elements and their complete system, each element show different features, thus forming the function of the regional logistics. Regional logistics main body is directly involved in or specialized

31、is engaged in the economic organization of regional logistics activity, including the owner of the goodsFlow, the third party logistics enterprise, storage and transportation enterprise, etc. Logistics is the supply chain logistics channels, the starting point and end point of connection in the whol

32、e course of the regional logistics activity plays a dominant and decisive role. Elements of the integrated logistics subject is the essential characteristic of modern logistics. Therefore, the elements of logistics as one of the main body, logistics has a decisive role in the development of logistic

33、s industry. Similar accumulation and regional economy industry, regional logistics also emphasizes the logistics main body accumulation, logistics main body in space is beneficial to promote the logistics activities of large-scale, intensive, body development, it is also a regional logistics park, l

34、ogistics center, the objective basis of the formation of distribution centers, and regional logistics park, logistics center and distribution center determines the spatial structure of the regional logistics system. Regional logistics and regional economic relationsRegional logistics is an important

35、 part of regional economy, the existence and development of regional logistics is the premise of existence and development of regional economy, no regional economy there would be no regional logistics. Regional logistics and regional economic development level, is closely related to the scale and th

36、e level of the different regional economic shape, size and industry, determines the level of regional logistics, the scale and structure form. Logistics is always accompanied by business flow, the more advanced the regional economy, manufacturing and trading more active, the logistics industry as a

37、service industry will have a good customer base and market infrastructure, the greater the chance of large-scale development. On the other hand, the regional economic development is inseparable from the development of regional logistics and regional logistics to provide support and guarantee for the

38、 development of regional economy, the development of the regional logistics will drive and promote the further development of regional economy. Thus, regional logistics and regional economy is the unity of interdependence. Regional economy is the premise and foundation of regional logistics developm

39、ent, is the dominant force in the regional logistics development; Regional logistics is an important part of regional economy, is the regional economic support system, and serve the regional economy. Regional logistics development goal and strategy must obey and serve the regional economic developme

40、nt goals and strategies.4 Regional logistics competitivenessRegional logistics competitiveness refers to a certain space range (general administrative area as the border, across regions), the logistics industry are different from other areas of the assignment of resources was made in the advantage,

41、the logistics enterprises, government policy support and industrial innovation ability, eventually embodied through regional internal benign competition will be more than all kinds of resources, the ability to effectively integrate to form a complementary and integrated ability system, reflect the r

42、egional comparison of competitive power in the logistics activity, reflect the size of the regional logistics service ability and the logistics industry development level of high and low. The competitiveness of the regional logistics is mainly composed of six basic elements constitute: social and ec

43、onomic development level, scale of logistics demand and supply condition of logistics, the logistics development of logistics industry in the enterprise information development level, development level, the macro environment. The social and economic development levelComprehensive social and economic

44、 development level reflects the regional logistics competitiveness level of social economic basis, is the guarantee of development of regional logistics competitiveness, to provide support for the sustainable development of regional logistics, from the other side also reflects the competitiveness of

45、 regional logistics development potential and power. The logistics demand scaleLogistics demand scale is mainly refers to the logistics services in the field such as production, consumption and circulation quantity and scale, to some extent, restricted by local resource conditions, it reflects a reg

46、ion, the demand for logistics service level and size: the size of the logistics demand, determines the size of the logistics market capacity, is the premise of existence and development of regional logistics industry and the foundation. Logistics supply conditionThe supply condition of logistics ref

47、ers to the logistics infrastructure provided for the development of the logistics industry, all kinds of logistics technology and equipment, is engaged in the logistics services enterprises and the corresponding professionals such as the number and size of traffic capacity and regional situation, th

48、e comprehensive reflection of regional logistics supply capacity and service level, reflects the effect on the development of the logistics industry to promote and satisfaction, is the main factor of the formation and development of regional logistics competition. Logistics enterprise development le

49、velLogistics enterprise comprehensive development level reflects the regional logistics main bodys ability to provide logistics services and meet customer demand, embodies the subject of logistics operation level, mainly including the enterprise competition ability, profit ability and performance le

50、vel, reflect a certain period of logistics enterprises in the area of the overall level of development, is the key factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness. Information development levelMainly refers to the regional information development level of information degree and the le

51、vel of information technology. Logistics is based on information flow, logistics has become more and more rely on the whole process of access to information. Many logistics enterprises have established their own information management system as a crucial to the development of its core competitivenes

52、s, the development level of information is the one important factor for the formation of regional logistics competitiveness level. Logistics macro environmentMacro environment refers to the logistics industry development of logistics industry development planning, land use policy, tax policy, market

53、 access policy, talent training, such as the soft environment, affecting the development of logistics industry reflects the external environment for the development of the logistics industry to provide favorable conditions and the environment support.譯文區(qū)域物流競爭力研究作者 Mahpula A摘要當前，物流的發(fā)展正呈現(xiàn)出物流需求快速上升、市場容

54、量不斷擴大、物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)加速、第三方物流快速成長的趨勢，整個物流產(chǎn)業(yè)正朝著信息化、全球化和專業(yè)化的方向發(fā)展。同時，隨著物流需求的快速增加，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展更加迅猛。區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的重要組成部分，區(qū)域物流的存在和發(fā)展是以區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的存在和發(fā)展為前提的，沒有區(qū)域經(jīng)濟也就沒有區(qū)域物流。區(qū)域物流與區(qū)域經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的水平、規(guī)模密切相關(guān)，不同區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的水平、規(guī)模和產(chǎn)業(yè)形態(tài)，決定了區(qū)域物流的水平、規(guī)模和結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟一體化能使區(qū)域內(nèi)和區(qū)域間的物流趨向合理，適應(yīng)產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的合理布局，從而降低物流成本，促進區(qū)域物流發(fā)展。反之，區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展也離不開區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展，區(qū)域物流為區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展提供支撐與保障，區(qū)域物

55、流的發(fā)展將帶動和促進區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的進一步發(fā)展。因此，區(qū)域物流的發(fā)展己成為改善區(qū)域投資環(huán)境和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展環(huán)境、擴大區(qū)域影響范圍、提升區(qū)域競爭力的關(guān)鍵。關(guān)鍵詞:區(qū)域物流，區(qū)域物流競爭力，評價指標1 引言世界經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的進步，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)作為一個新興的服務(wù)性產(chǎn)業(yè)，正在全球范圍內(nèi)迅速發(fā)展。在國際上，物流產(chǎn)業(yè)被認為是經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的動脈和基礎(chǔ)產(chǎn)業(yè)，其發(fā)展程度成為衡量一國現(xiàn)代化程度和綜合國力的重要標志之一，被譽為企業(yè)的“第三利潤源泉”，其發(fā)揮的作用越來越大，成為了繼IT業(yè)、金融業(yè)之后的當前最熱門的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)和國民經(jīng)濟新的增長點，引起了社會的普遍重視。區(qū)域物流是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟的重要構(gòu)成要素，是區(qū)域經(jīng)濟形成與發(fā)展的重

56、要力量，它對提高區(qū)域流通領(lǐng)域的效率和經(jīng)濟效益，提高區(qū)域市場的競爭能力等，發(fā)揮著積極的能動作用。然而，現(xiàn)代物流快速發(fā)展的背后仍然存在較多的問題，其中物流競爭力水平低于物流發(fā)展水平顯得尤為突出。選擇物流競爭力發(fā)展水平評價指標時，由于沒有統(tǒng)一的標準，只能利用貨運量或貨運周轉(zhuǎn)量來衡量物流規(guī)模。運輸是物流過程中實現(xiàn)貨物空間位移的中心環(huán)節(jié)，用這兩個指標來衡量物流規(guī)模有一定的科學(xué)性，但不能真實反映地區(qū)物流的全貌。估計物流需求量時，通常的做法是根據(jù)GDP和社會消費品零售總額等國民經(jīng)濟核算指標。這僅僅是宏觀層次上的一種簡單估算，不同的研究人員采用的比例不同，從百分之十幾到百分之二十不等，所得結(jié)果存在較大差異，給

57、理論分析帶來了較大的困難。同時，有關(guān)物流產(chǎn)業(yè)的經(jīng)濟統(tǒng)計資料極度缺乏，也沒有全面的物流需求統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，這使我們對物流的理解始終處于定性的認識水平上。2 文獻綜述關(guān)于核心競爭力理論，核心競爭力 (Core Competence)的原意是核心能力或核心技能，這一概念是1990年由美國的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理專家普拉哈拉得()和英國的企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略管理專家哈默爾提出的，指的是企業(yè)組織中的積累性知識，特別是關(guān)于如何協(xié)調(diào)不同的生產(chǎn)技能和整合多種技術(shù)知識，并據(jù)此獲得超越其他競爭對手的獨特能力，即核心競爭力是建立在企業(yè)核心資源基礎(chǔ)之上的，是企業(yè)的智力、技術(shù)、產(chǎn)品、管理、文化等要素的綜合優(yōu)勢在市場上的反映。目前學(xué)術(shù)界有三個有代表

58、性的論點:以羅斯比和克里斯蒂森為代表的能力論學(xué)派;以波特為代表的市場結(jié)構(gòu)論學(xué)派;以沃納菲爾和潘羅斯為代表的資源論學(xué)派。核心競爭力具有價值雙重性、能力整合性、獨特性、延伸性和時段性的特點。關(guān)于區(qū)域物流的相關(guān)理論研究，物流發(fā)達的歐美、日本等國研究，側(cè)重于企業(yè)層面，即致力于提供企業(yè)優(yōu)化策略。而區(qū)域?qū)用娴奈锪飨到y(tǒng)及競爭力研究，則涉及不多。根據(jù)文獻查閱，國際上區(qū)域性物流領(lǐng)域研究，主要包括以下幾個方面:(1)從跨國公司角度研究全球性物流資源配置和協(xié)調(diào)問題。具體包括物流基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施、市場競爭機制及物流供應(yīng)鏈運行等問題。此類研究多利用運籌學(xué)等數(shù)量化技術(shù)工具，為供應(yīng)鏈的全球網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)施選址定位、多工廠協(xié)調(diào)、戰(zhàn)略配送體系

59、設(shè)計等問題提供支持。這是企業(yè)層面物流優(yōu)化研究的擴展，常用方法包括數(shù)學(xué)解析法、系統(tǒng)仿真法和啟發(fā)式方法等。如位分法和圖解法解決一元網(wǎng)點的布局問題;混合整數(shù)規(guī)劃解決物流中心的選址以及物流規(guī)劃問題等。(2)從城市經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境角度，研究城市交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)置問題。例如 Tanjguchietal從城市層面，利用交通仿真動力學(xué)模型，定量研究經(jīng)濟增長、運輸需求，以及道路擁擠和環(huán)境污染的相互關(guān)聯(lián)。(3)從城市政府角度，研究其在宏觀物流發(fā)展中承擔(dān)的角色和效用。例如和Senblatt，研究了全球化供應(yīng)鏈管理中設(shè)施融資、交通以及地區(qū)交易規(guī)則、企業(yè)稅費法律中的政府補貼等全球生產(chǎn)和配送網(wǎng)絡(luò)主要因素的效用等。3區(qū)域物流相關(guān)理論概