自然拼讀全ppt課件

1、自然拼讀課程,Phonics,Phonics自然發(fā)音法是一套用自然記憶 的方式，建立字母與發(fā)音的直覺音感。不 用借助音標(biāo)，看著字母就可以直接讀出該 詞的發(fā)音，解決單詞不會讀，無法拼的問 題。 簡單說：“自然拼讀法”是教學(xué)生如何看詞讀音或是聽音拼詞的方法,為什么要學(xué)習(xí)自然拼讀法,美國斯坦佛大學(xué)曾經(jīng)以計(jì)算機(jī)分析字母與音位的對應(yīng)關(guān)系，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)17,008個(gè)常用詞中 84%的字母與其讀音是完全對應(yīng)的 13%的字母與其讀音是不完全對應(yīng)的 3%的字母與其讀音的對應(yīng)關(guān)系完全無法預(yù)測,自然拼讀法可以幫助學(xué)生,見詞能讀 聽詞能寫 不容易遺忘 提高閱讀和寫作能力,一、同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),b,b,book bi

2、g bag box,d,d,desk doll dog dad,f,f,fine friend fly foot fan,h,h,hat he house hand,j,d,jeep jam jacket jar,k,k,kite cake black thank,l,l,leg left ruler flag lamp,l,apple bowl tell old,m,m,am map my mouth,n,n,no know new hand,p,p,map jeep pig pea,qu,kw,quite quilt quick,同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),r,r,red radio brot

3、her racket,t,t,it sit not that table little,v,v,five vase very seven,w,w,we window watch want,x,ks,box six fox,z,z,zip zoo,同形不同音的字母及音標(biāo),Vowel,二、開音節(jié)與閉音節(jié),1）音節(jié)按讀音可以分為開音節(jié)和閉音節(jié),開音節(jié)又可以分為絕對開音節(jié)和相對開音節(jié),A. 絕對開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音音素后面沒有輔音音素 而構(gòu)成的音節(jié),例如：we, hi, yo-yo, hi, no, be 等,B. 相對開音節(jié)：是指一個(gè)元音音素后面有一個(gè)輔音音素(除r)之外，最后是一個(gè)不發(fā)音的e字母構(gòu)

4、成的音節(jié),例如:take, make,閉音節(jié)：指元音字母后面有輔音字母(輔音字母r除外)構(gòu)成的音節(jié),閉音節(jié),元音字母 a, e, i(y), o, u 在重讀閉音節(jié)中分別讀 / /e/ /i/ /,如 hand, help,lip,gym,hot,club,II. Magic E,A AT ATE BE BED BEDE HI HID HIDE NO NOT NOTE U US USE,a-e,Magic E (神奇的E,cake take lake make face name page,e-e,these theme eve evening,o-e,nose coke rose rope

5、hope pose,i-e,time five nine white write like lime ride,u-e,cute cube huge tube use,ai,ay 讀/ei,如 wait, aid；day, may,ei,ey 讀/ei,如 veil, weight；grey, they, convey,oa, oe 讀/u,如 load, coat, toe,三、元音間的字母組合發(fā)音,ue, ui 讀/u:,如 glue, suit, blue, fruit,ea,ee 讀/i:,如 eat, cheap；deep, need,ie,(c)ei 讀/i:,如 field, b

6、elieve；receive, ceiling,oa 讀/u,如 road, soap, boat,ue 讀/ju:,如 Tuesday, value, pursue,元音間的字母組合發(fā)音,四、r音節(jié) 指以字母r或r +輔音字母結(jié)尾的音節(jié),在r音節(jié)中：ar 讀/:/, or 讀/:/ er, ir, yr, ur 都讀/:,注：在/w/音后， ar讀/:/, 如 war,warm,warn； or讀/:/, 如 word,work,world,worse,元音字母與r aerial, aeroplane,4. ear,eer 讀/i/如 ear, clear；beer, deer,5. our

7、 讀/au/如 our, sour, hour,6. igh 讀/ai/,如 high, light, might, night,7. augh,ough 讀/:/,如 daughter, caught, taught； ought,fought, thought,8. oul 在 could,should,would 中讀/u,元音字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,九、 幾個(gè)非重讀后綴或字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,1. a 在后綴-ace，-ade，-age，-ate中讀/i/，如 palace,comrade,village,accurate,2. e 在后綴-el,-en,-ent,-ence,-ency中讀

8、/,如cruel,open,student,silence,fluency,3. i 在后綴-ible中讀/, 如 possible,4. ai,ay,ei,ey 在非重讀音節(jié)中一般弱讀為/i/,如mountain,Friday,forfeit,valley,十、其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,1. -ful 讀/ful/,如 helpful, harmful, useful,2. -gue 讀/g/,如 dialogue, catalogue,3. -que 讀/k/,如 cheque, picturesque,4. -ous 讀/s/,如 famous, generous, nervous,5.

9、-our 讀/,如 favour, honour, labour,6. -ure 讀/,如 figure, injure. 但在failure中讀/j,7. -ow 讀/u/,如 window, yellow, pillow,8. -ture 讀/,如 picture, culture, furniture,9. -ion 讀/n/, 如 fashion, cushion,10. -stion 讀/sn/ , 如 question, sugestion, digestion,11. -i 在字母 d,t,n,l 后，且在元音字母前，讀/j/。如 audience,frontier,opinio

10、n,familar,其他字母組合的讀音規(guī)則,十一、其他讀音規(guī)則,oo,1. 讀/u,A. 在字母k前（book,look,took,B. 在good,foot,stood,wood,wool中,C.在派生詞goodness,football,woolen中,2.讀/u:/ 在其余情況下讀/u:/,如: cool,food,loose,room,zoo,3.讀/ / 在flood，blood及其派生詞（flooding,bloodless等）中讀/,1. -sure,在元音字母后讀/,如 closure, exposure,在輔音字母后讀/，如 pressure,flexure(x=ks,2.

11、-sion,在元音字母后讀/n/，如 vsion, occasion, divsion,在輔音字母后讀/n/，如 discussion,impression,expansion,3. -ce,-ci,-si,-ti,-xi 在字母 a,e,o 前讀,如： ocean； social；Asia；partial；Egyptian；suffcient； patient；prcious；Russian；anxious,其他讀音規(guī)則,十二、其他組合,kn :knit knob knee knife knock,wr :write wrist wrinkle wrap wreath,mb :bomb th

12、umb lamb numb comb crumb,sp :spell spider spinach spaceship spoon,st :store star storm stamp stockings stick student stand,sc :scale scarf scarecrow scooter scorpion scoop scanner,sk :skirt skunk skis skates,VII. Consonant Blends,Beginning S-family ( st, sk, sp,) R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, w

13、r) L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl) Ending N-family ( nt, nd, nk) Others (mp, st) Three letters (scr, spl, str,spr,VII. Consonant Blends,st:student stone stop sp:speak space spoon sc:scary scarf scar sk:sky skirt skate,S-family ( st, sk, sp,VII. Consonant Blends,bl:block blond hair blouse pl:plum

14、plate plane gl:glue glasses glove cl:clay class clone fl:fly dragonfly butterfly,L-family ( fl, bl, cl, kl, pl, sl,VII. Consonant Blends,br:brown broom brick pr:pray prince princess gr:grape grey grin cr:cry crazy crown,R-family ( gr, br, dr, cr, pr, tr, wr,VII. Consonant Blends,fr:Friday friend fru

15、it tr:tree track trip dr:driver dream draw,VII. Consonant Blends,sl:slid slide slow sn:snake snap snail sm:smoke smooth smile sw:swan sweater switch,VIII. Consonant Digraphs,ch:cherry watch beach ck:duck clock blocks sh:sheet ship sheep,VIII. Consonant Digraphs,gh:laugh cough tough ph:trophy photo elephant th:think three thank,VIII. Consonant Digraphs,th:leather weather together wh:whale white wheel wr:wrinkle write wreath,VIIII. Others,ing:king ring swing ew:new dew nephew all:wall ball tall al:salt walk talk,Tongue twisters（繞口令） 關(guān)于字母組合ee的發(fā)音。 Wha