系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)ppt課件

1、You Can Negotiate Anything,About the author,Herb Cohen has been called the worlds best negotiator. Hes internationally renowned as a corporate and governmental consultant on negotiating strategy, commercial dealings and crisis management. As a U.S. presidential advisor, he has helped to formulate po

2、licy on hostage negotiations and terrorism. He is president of the Power Negotiations Institute in Northbrook, IL.,About the Book,You Can Negotiate Anything, first published in 1982, is a book on negotiation by Herb Cohen. The book was a bestseller on the New York Times list for over 9 months. It is

3、 written in a storytelling way and explains to the reader the concepts and strategies of negotiation.,Cohen presents in this book guidelines, personal anecdotes, and practical advice on how to win a negotiation. According to him, no matter where we are or whom we are with; we are in a negotiation :

4、be it with our spouse, our children, our parents, our co-workers, and our friends.We discuss our ideas, what we want, try to sell our thoughts; and in return, we allow the other person to get what they want.,Brief summary,Cohen outlines, in a negotiation, there are three crucial variables: power, ti

5、me, and information. An effective negotiator gains power during negotiation by taking calculated risks, leveraging expertise, being persistent and persuasive and understanding the point of view of the other side. Gaining an authority over a negotiation paves the way for cooperation and involve the o

6、ther participants to focus toward the same goal.,Time is an important variable as it is advantageous to be on the side with most time. He advises to set deadlines of our own making, without ignoring them. Next is information; the more you know, the better the chances of winning the negotiation. To s

7、ummarize his thoughts, to win a negotiation, one should know where to take risks, when to act, and how long to prolong a negotiating act to get the information required.,系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)下的話語分析,分析話語的概念意義、人際意義、謀篇意義 韓禮德把詞匯語法的功能，即語義抽象化為三類： 1）概念意義，即人類所認(rèn)知的各種經(jīng)驗片段及邏輯關(guān)系； 2）人際意義，即言語的功能和說話人的態(tài)度、判斷等 3）謀篇意義，即語言靠自身機(jī)制將此句組成連

8、貫的語篇，以表達(dá)概念和人際意義,系統(tǒng)功能語言學(xué)視角下的語言層面,人際意義的分析 人際意義主要指言語在社會交往中的功能，以及說話人的態(tài)度、判斷等。 言語功能在詞匯語法層面由小句的語氣來體現(xiàn)，如命令由祈使語氣、提問由疑問語氣、陳述由陳述語氣來體現(xiàn)。 從語旨（語境）角度看，每種言語功能都有一定的言語用途，如命令用來索取物品或服務(wù)、提問用來索取信息、陳述用來提供信息等；而言語用途又構(gòu)建了話語的基調(diào)，反映出說話人的地位及其聽話人之間的社會角色關(guān)系。,例如： Angry，I reached under the table,grabbed the culprit by his shoulders, and

9、slammed him down on the seat beside me. I muttered, Just sit there. Do not talk to me, your mother,your brother,or your sister!（1） He replied,sure,but can I stand on the chair?（2） All right,I conceded, but just leave all of us alone!（3） First chapter from You Can Negotiate Anything,這段對話是節(jié)選自本書中父親和小兒子

10、在餐廳就餐時的一組對話。首先，基于初步印象便可以推斷出語旨意特征：雙方的角色在地位上是有懸殊的，然后可推斷出語義特征：一方處于被動地位。接下來可以從詞匯語法形式上尋找證據(jù)。 （1）中用了祈使語氣，言語功能為發(fā)號施令，父親命令兒子（2）中用了疑問語氣，言語功能用來提問，想要獲取許可，兒子想獲得父親的許可（3）用了陳述句和祈使語氣回答，表示許可，加上命令，父親命令兒子。,至于體現(xiàn)說話人態(tài)度、判斷的詞匯語法形式，主要包括諸如情態(tài)動詞如may,will,should,can (2)中兒子用了情態(tài)動詞can 表示請求，處于被動地位；（3）中父親雖然讓步，但是仍然用了but引導(dǎo)的祈使句，表示父親的態(tài)度仍然是不愿理會小兒子。,理論指導(dǎo)翻譯實踐 基于以上分析，譯者將此段文本做了如下翻譯， 我非常生氣，把手伸到桌子下面，抓住這個小家伙的肩膀，將他狠狠地摔在我旁邊的椅子上，低聲對他說：“不準(zhǔn)和我說話，不準(zhǔn)和你媽媽說話，不準(zhǔn)和哥哥，姐姐說話.” 他回答