高中名詞性從句講解與練習

名詞性從句詳解與練習名詞性從句相當于名詞，可分別作主句的主語、表語、賓語和同位語。因此，名詞性從句可分為主語從句、表語從句、賓語從句和同位從句。引導詞主語從句就是在復合句中用作主語的從句，引導主語從句的引導詞主要有三類一是THAT；二是WHETHER；三是那些可以用作疑問詞的詞語，如WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY等（一）引導名詞性從句的連接詞1、連接代詞WHO,WHOSE,WHOM,WHAT,WHICH。有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，如主語、表語、賓語、或定語等。2、連接副詞WHEN,WHERE,WHY,HOW。有詞義，在從句中擔任成分，作狀語。3、連接詞THAT,WHETHER,IF,ASIF。THAT無詞義，在從句中不擔任成分，有時可省略；IFWHETHER,ASIF雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔任成分。注意連接代詞與連接副詞在句中不再是疑問句，因而從句中謂語不用疑問式。連接代詞與連接副詞在從句充當句子成分，連接詞WHETHER和IF（是否），ASIF（好象）在從句中不充當句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)句義，如果連接代詞與連接副詞，WHETHER、IF和ASIF都用不上時，才用THAT作連接詞（THAT本身無任何含義）。（二）主語從句1、主語從句在復合句作主語。EGWHOWILLGOISNOTIMPORTANT2、用IT作形式主語，主語從句放在句末。EGITDOESNTMATTERSOMUCHWHETHERYOUWILLCOMEORNOT3、THAT引導主語從句時，不能省略。EGTHATHESUDDENLYFELLILLLASTWEEKMADEUSSURPRISED（三）表語從句1、表語從句在復合句中作表語，位于系動詞之后。EGTHEQUESTIONWASWHOCOULDGOTHERE2、引導表語從句的連接詞THAT有時可省去。EGMYIDEAISTHATWECANGETMORECOMRADESTOHELPINTHEWORK（四）賓語從句1、賓語從句在復合句中作賓語。引導賓語從句的連詞THAT一般可省略。EGIHOPETHATEVERYTHINGISALLRIGHT2、介詞之后的賓語從句，不可用WHICH或IF連接，要分別用WHAT或WHETHER。EGIMINTERESTEDINWHETHERYOUVEFINISHEDTHEWORKIMINTERESTEDINWHATYOUVESAID3、WHETHER與IF都可以引導賓語從句，常可互換。但下面情況不能互換。賓語從句是否定句時，只用IF，不用WHETHER。EGIWONDERIFITDOESNTRAIN用IF會引起誤解，就要用WHETHER。EGPLEASELETMEKNOWWHETHERYOUWANTTOGO（此句如果把WHETHER改成IF，容易當成條件句理解）賓語從句中的WHETHER與ORNOT直接連用，就不能換成IF；不直接連用，可換。EGIDONTKNOWWHETHERORNOTTHEREPORTISTRUEIDONTKNOWWHETHER/IFTHEREPORTISTRUEORNOT介詞后的賓語從句要用WHETHER引導。WHETHER可與不定式連用。WHETHER也可引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句，還可引導讓步狀語從句，以上均不能換成IF。但引導條件從句時，只能用IF，而不能用WHETHER。EGITDEPENDSONWHETHERWEHAVEENOUGHTIMETHEYDONTKNOWWHETHERTOGOTHEREPLEASECOMETOSEEMEIFYOUHAVETIME（五）同位語從句同位語從句在句中作某一名詞的同位語，一般位于該名詞（如NEWS,FACT,IDEA,SUGGESTION,PROMISE等）之后，說明該名詞的具體內容。EGIHAVENOIDEAWHENHEWILLBEBACKTHEFACTTHATHEHADNOTSAIDANYTHINGSURPRISEDEVERYBODY一、主語從句1引導詞主語從句就是在復合句中用作主語的從句，引導主語從句的引導詞主要有三類一是THAT；二是WHETHER；三是那些可以用作疑問詞的詞語，如WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY等。如THATWESHALLBELATEISCERTAIN我們要晚了，這是確定無疑的。WHATHESAYSISNOTIMPORTANT他說的話并不重要。HOWTHISHAPPENEDISNOTCLEARTOANYONE這件事怎樣發(fā)生的，誰也不清楚。WHICHSIDEWINSMAKESNODIFFERENCETOHIM哪邊贏他都無所謂。WHETHERITWILLDOUSHARMREMAINSTOBESEEN是否對我們有害還要看一看。2形式主語有時為了避免句子顯得“頭重腳輕”，可用IT作形式主語放在句首，而把真正的主語放在句末。如ITSAPITYTHATHEDIDNTCOME很遺憾他沒來。ITSNOTYETKNOWNWHATSHEDID她做什么還不得而知。ITWASUNCERTAINWHETHERHECOULDCOMEORNOT他是否會來還不肯定。這三句句首的IT均為形式主語，相應的真主語分別是THATHEDIDNTCOME/WHATSHEDID/WHETHERHECOULDCOMEORNOT。二、表語從句表語從句就是在復合句中用作表語的從句。一般說來，可用于引導主語從句的引導詞也可用于引導表語從句，如THAT,WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY,WHETHER等。如MYIDEAISTHATWESHOULDDOITRIGHTAWAY我的意見是馬上就干。THATISWHATHEMEANT這就是他的意思。THEPROBLEMISHOWWECANFINDHIM問題是我們如何找到他。THEMORNINGISWHENIMBUSIEST早上是我最忙的時候。THATSWHEREYOUAREWRONG這就是你不對的地方。THATSWHYHEDIDNTCOME這就是他沒有來的緣故。另外，表語從句還可以用ASIF,ASTHOUGH,BECAUSE等來引導。如ITISBECAUSEHEISTOOFOOLISH那是因為他太蠢了。ITISNOTASTHOUGHWEWEREPOOR又不是我們家里窮。三、賓語從句1引導詞賓語從句就是在復合句中用作賓語的從句。一般說來，可用于引導主語從句的引導詞也可用于引導賓語從句，如THAT,WHAT,WHO,WHICH,WHEN,WHERE,HOW,WHY,WHETHER等。如WEBELIEVETHATHEISHONEST我們相信他是誠實的。SHEHASGOTWHATSHEWANTED她要的東西得到了。IHAVENTDECIDEDWHETHERISHOULDGO我還沒決定我是否會去。IASKEDHOWHEWASGETTINGON我問他情況怎樣。HEASKEDWHENTHETRAINWOULDGETIN他問火車什么時候進站。HEASKEDMEWHEREIWASGOING他問我到哪兒去。PLEASETELLMEWHICHYOULIKE告訴我你喜歡哪一個。HEASKEDWHOLIVEDNEXTDOOR他問誰住在隔壁。SHEASKEDWHYHEWASSILENT她問他為什么一言不發(fā)。2IF與WHETHERIF通常不用于引導主語從句或表語從句，但可以用于引導賓語從句，與WHETHER用法相同，常可互換。如IWONDERIFITSLARGEENOUGH不知它是否夠大。SHEDIDNTSAYIFHEWASSTILLALIVE她沒說他是否還活著WWWYYWORDSCOM。但是，當于用于介詞后引導賓語從句時，只能用WHETHER，不能用IF。如IWORRYABOUTWHETHERIHURTHERFEELINGS我為是否傷了她的感情而憂慮。3THAT的省略THAT引導主語從句或表語從句時通常不省略，但引導賓語從句時通?？梢允÷?。如SHESAIDTHATSHEDIDNTWANTTOKNOW她說她不想知道。IDONTTHINKTHATSHESINTERESTEDINIT我想她對這事沒有興趣。4否定轉移當主句主語為第一人稱，且主句謂語動詞為THINK,BELIEVE,SUPPOSE,EXPECT,IMAGINE等時，若其后接一個表示否定意義的賓語從句，此時通常應將否定轉移到主句上。如IDONTTHINKTHATHEWILLLEAVE我認為他不會離開。IDONTBELIEVETHATITISEASY我相信這不會容易。四、同位語從句在復合句中用作同位語的從句叫同位語從句。所謂同位語，就是指兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且句法功能也一樣，此時我們就把后一項稱為前一項的同位語。所謂同位語從句，就是指用于名詞后對該名詞的內容進行說明解釋的從句。如THEJUDGEPAIDNOATTENTIONTOTHEFACTTHATSHEHADJUSTLOSTHERHUSBAND法官毫不考慮她剛剛失去丈夫一事。句中的THATSHEHADJUSTLOSTHERHUSBAND為修飾名詞THEFACT的同位語從句，用以具體說明THEFACT的內容。MARYSUDDENLYGOTTHEFEELINGTHATSOMEONEWASWATCHINGHER瑪麗突然感到有人在看她。句中的THATSOMEONEWASWATCHINGHER為修飾名詞THEFEELING的同位語從句，用以具體說明THEFEELING的內容。英語中只有少數(shù)名詞可后接同位語從句，比較常見的有BELIEF,DOUBT,FACT,FEELING,HOPE,IDEA,MESSAGE,NEWS,OPINION等WWWYYGRAMMARCOM。另外，同位語從句的引導詞也比較有限，主要是由THAT引導，有時可也可用WHEN,HOW,WHERE,WHETHER,WHO等引導，但是不能用IF也引導，也不能用WHAT來引導。如YOUHAVENOIDEAHOWWORRIEDIWAS你不知道我多著急HEHADNOIDEAWHYSHELEFT他不知道她為什么離開。THEREISSOMEDOUBTWHETHERHEWILLCOME他是否會來還不一定。練習名詞性從句一、判斷下列各句哪句含有名詞性從句，并指出是什么從句1CHINAISNOLONGERWHATITUSEDTOBE2THETRUTHTHATTHEEARTHTURNAROUNDTHESUNISKNOWNTOALL3ITWASSNOWINGWHENHEARRIVEDATTHESTATION4HOWHEPERSUADEDTHEMANAGERTOCHANGETHEPLANISINTERESTINGTOUSALL5THENEWSTHATTHEYHADWONTHEGAMESOONSPREADOVERTHEWHOLESCHOOL6THENEWSTHATYOUTOLDMEYESTERDAYWASREALLYDISAPPOINTING7THATISWHERELUXUNUSEDTOLIVE8HESPOKEASIFHEUNDERSTOODWHATHEWASTALKINGABOUT9DOYOUREMEMBERTHETEACHERWHOTAUGHTUSENGLISHATMIDDLESCHOOL10IWONDERWHYSHEREFUSEDMYINVITATION二、用適當?shù)倪B詞填空1ICANTDECIDE_DICTIONARYISHOULDBUY2THATS_HEREFUSEDMYINVITATION3IAMVERYINTERESTEDIN_HEHASIMPROVEDHISPRONUNCIATIONINSUCHASHORTTIME4_WENEEDISMORETIME5THEFACT_SHEHADNOTSAIDANYTHINGATTHEMEETINGSURPRISEDEVERYBODY6_AND_THEYWILLM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