中考英語《短文填空技巧解析》課件.ppt

英語填空技巧解析,填空,解題技巧,一、填空的特點(diǎn)是什么？,完形填空是一種旨在考查學(xué)生語法和詞匯知識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力的典型題，難易程度與初中教材相當(dāng)，詞數(shù)在180-250左右。文中平均每隔25個(gè)詞左右設(shè)空。學(xué)生通過推理判斷，綜合分析等將答案填入空白處，使短文前后連貫、意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理。,1.跳過空格，通讀短文，了解大意。2.復(fù)讀短文，確定語義，判斷詞形。A.)利用上下文的語境，結(jié)合所學(xué)過的知識(shí)，先確定空格處所需詞語的意義.B.)再根據(jù)空格在句子中的位置，判斷其在句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，從而確定所填詞的詞性，再依據(jù)詞語搭配和語法規(guī)則，判斷所填的詞的正確形式。3.通讀短文，檢查答案。,英語短文填空解題技巧：,二、填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？,（一）從文章結(jié)構(gòu)看,首句通常不設(shè)空，以便考生對(duì)短文前提和背景有個(gè)較清楚的了解，從而使考生盡快熟悉語境、推測文章大意。2.短文設(shè)空平均密度為25個(gè)單詞一個(gè)空。,中考完形填空拋棄了傳統(tǒng)的“語法知識(shí)型”命題模式，轉(zhuǎn)變成“情境能力型”的命題趨勢。它的一個(gè)顯著特點(diǎn)就是突出語篇，即重在文意的干擾，把具體的語言知識(shí)融進(jìn)具體的語言情境中去，考查學(xué)生通過上下文對(duì)整體文意進(jìn)行把握的能力。,二、填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？,（二）從語言層次看考點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)把握語段的要求在提高。我們可以把考點(diǎn)分為三個(gè)層次，即句子層次、句群層次和語篇層次,句子層次的設(shè)空,例：(2007年中考英語試卷完形填空四選一保留原題號(hào))I90youwereverybusythenhelpingyourfriendgetreadyforherweddingIamsureitwasasuccess.A.rememberB.explainC.hopeD.expect,答案：A,指那些只需讀懂設(shè)空所在句便可選出答案的題目。,二、填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？,2.句群層次的設(shè)空,前制性設(shè)空,后制性設(shè)空,指根據(jù)上下文的內(nèi)容，經(jīng)過推理判斷可以得到答案的題目,即根據(jù)上文有關(guān)內(nèi)容即可確定答案的題目。,指那些需要根據(jù)下文內(nèi)容才能選出正確答案的題目/下文某處有提示。,二、填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？,前制性設(shè)空例：ItwasanEnglishspeechcontest.Mymotheraskedmetotakepartinit.Whataterribleidea!ItmeantIhadto_infrontofalltheteachersandstudentsofmyschool!,后制性設(shè)空例：1).Nobody_himinthevillage.Onedayhesaidtothem,“Iknowyoudontlikeme”2).Countrymusiccomesfrom_kindsofmusic.OneisthetraditionalmusicoftallmountainpeopleintheeasternUnitedStates.TheotheristraditionalcowboymusicfromtheAmericanWest.,speak,liked,two,二、填空的設(shè)空規(guī)律有哪些？,3.語篇性設(shè)空IworkasavolunteerforanorganizationthathelpsthepoorinHaiti.RecentlyItookmysonBarrettthereforaweek,hopingto1himachievedallIdexpected.Soonhewillcelebratehis18thbirthday.Hewillbeaman.(最后一句話)()1.A.comfortB.pleaseC.attractD.educate,D,指那些需要聯(lián)系全文的情境、內(nèi)容才能確定正確答案的設(shè)空。,考查方向:正確理解和書寫英語單詞命題形式:短文中10個(gè)空需要填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~.(wu首字母或中文提示)所占比例:10空15分特別提醒：所有的單詞都必須根據(jù)上下文來確定。必須注意詞形的變化，包括名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)（最高級(jí)）等。,中考英語新題型短文填空,詞形的變換,冠詞：a/an/the基數(shù)詞,序數(shù)詞：1,2,3（基）;第X(序)名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)形式,所有格的用法動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)（主被動(dòng)）的變化形容詞、副詞：比較等級(jí)的用法代詞：單復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞反身代詞指示代詞關(guān)系代詞不定代詞等的用法連詞：并列與從屬連詞的用法,詞形的變換,名詞：單復(fù)數(shù)形式,所有格的用法GZisoneofthemostbeautiful_.(城市)Imetafriendof_（她的）.Allthe_(綿羊)liketoeatgrass.,cities,hers,sheep,詞形的變換,動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)（主被動(dòng)）的變化Everyoneinourclass_(喜歡)watchingcartoons.IllspendasmuchtimeasIcan_(讀)thesestories.Yesterdaywe_(prevent)fromgettingtoschoolbytheheavyrain.,likes,reading,wereprevented,語態(tài)主動(dòng)：v/be/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)：be+p.p.,詞形的變換,形容詞副詞：比較等級(jí)的用法Hecan_(容易)swimacrosstheriver.Becauseofthis,yournameis_lovedbyyourparentsthanyou.,easily,more,詞形的變換,代詞：單復(fù)數(shù)人稱代詞反身代詞指示代詞關(guān)系代詞不定代詞等的用法Youcanthrow_,kickitorhitit.Takingtoomanyselfies(自拍)seemstoencourage(鼓勵(lì))peopletoonlythinkof_.Theyareverygoodfriendsandtheyalmostdo_together.,it,themselves,everything,自己,指示代詞it它/這/不譯this(這個(gè)),these(這些)指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或者事物that(那個(gè)),those(那些)指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或者事物,不定代詞,連詞,1September10thisT_Day.,2.Thef_dayoftheweekisSunday.,3.Agoodb_makesagoodending.,4.Whenyoulaugh,youwillo_yourmouthandyourteeth.,irst,pen,eginning,5.LastSunday，weplayedh_inthepark,thoughwewereverytired.,eachers,appily,6.Hewasveryawiththemanupstairsandbegantoshout，“Stopsinging！”,ngry,10.Inautumnafterastrongwind,thegroundisoftencoveredwithfallenl_,eaves,7.ThisbookbelongstoMary.Itish_.,9.Foryears,weplayedotherpeoplessongs,b_nowweplaymostlyourownsongs.,ers,ut,8.MrsGreensaidtothetwins,“Helpy_tosomefishplease.”,ourselves,1.September10thisTeachersDay.,2.Inautumnafterastrongwind,thegroundisoftencoveredwithfallenleaves.,首先考慮名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)，然后注意名詞所有格。,3.Wecouldnotrunfasterthancheetahs,sowe_(發(fā)明)carsandnowwecanmovethefastest,考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。語態(tài)變化。,4.Whenyoulaugh,youwillo_yourmouthandyourteeth.,invented,pen,appily,6.Summeristhehottestseasonoftheyear.,注意形容詞、副詞的比較等級(jí)的變化。,5.LastSunday，weplayedh_inthepark,thoughwewereverytired.,8.MrsGreensaidtothetwins.“Helpyourselvestosomefishplease.”,此處考代詞用法。,7.Helpyourselftosomefish，Jim.,9.ThisbookbelongstoMary.Itishers.,10.Foryears,weplayedotherpeoplessongs,butnowweplaymostlyourownsongs.,11.Shedidntgotoschoolyesterday，becauseshewasill.,此處考連詞,Throughsomeefforts,rescuerscleaneduptheruins_（仔細(xì)）whichcoveredthemum.Underherbody_(躺)herbaby.Thebabywasinasmallredquiltwithyellowflowers.Hewasabout3or4mold.Bthebabywaswell(保護(hù))byhismothersbody,hewasverysafe.Hewassleepingwellwhentherescuercarriedhimout,andhislovelyandpfacewarmedeveryonearoundhim.Therescuerfoundtherewasamobilep_inthequilt.Whenhelookedatthescreen,amessagewasalreadythere.“Mydearbaby,ifyoucouldl,dontforgethowmIloveyou.”Everyonew_sawthismessageburstintotears.,rescuers(救援人員)ruins廢墟,carefully,lay,onths,protected,ecause,eaceful,ive,uch,ho,hone,Fillineachblankwiththerightform,直擊中考,Throughsomeefforts,rescuerscleaneduptheruins_（仔細(xì)）whichcoveredthemum.Underherbody_(躺)herbaby.Thebabywasinasmallredquiltwithyellowflowers.Hewasabout3or4mold.Bthebabywaswell(保護(hù))byhismothersbody,hewasverysafe.Hewassleepingwellwhentherescuercarriedhimout,andhislovelyandpfacewarmedeveryonearoundhim.Therescuerfoundtherewasamobilep_inthequilt.Whenhelookedatthescreen,amessagewasalreadythere.“Mydearbaby,ifyoucouldl,dontforgethowmIloveyou.”Everyonew_sawthismessageburstintotears.,carefully,lay,onths,protected,ecause,eaceful,ive,uch,ho,hone,根據(jù)上下語境,判斷詞義:,Hewassleepingwell,確定詞義后,判斷詞形,cleanedup,rescuers(救援人員)ruins廢墟,TheideaofFathersDaycamefromanA_ladycalledDoddin1909.Shewanteda_（特別的）daytohonourherfather.He(撫養(yǎng))sixchildrenbyhafterhiswifediedduringthebirthoftheirs_child.Doddthoughtthereneededtobeadaytohonourgreatandlovingdads.HerfatherwasbornonJune19.soshechosetoholdthefirstFathersDaycelebrationonhisbin1910.In1924,USpresidentlikedtheideaofanationalFathersDay.Finally,in1966,thethirdSundayinJunewasn_FathersDay.Therearemanywtoshowyourloveandthanks.,merican,ixth,six,USpresident,raised,imself,irthday,special,amed,ays,Step1Thepassageisabout.Step2ThemeaningofeachblankStep3TherightformofeachwordStep4Readthepassageagaintochecktheanswers,Exercise,Honour紀(jì)念,Dearfriends,Imsorrytohearthatanearthquakehappenedtoyourhometown.Theearthquake_(毀壞)yourhometown.Lotsofh_felldownandsomeofyoucantseeyourfamiliesanylonger.Pleasedontfeels_.YoushouldbelieveintheParty,thegovernmentandthepeopleinthecountry.Youshouldbefullofwishesb_theParty,thegovernmentandthepeoplearewithyouallthetimeandtheytakecareofyou.Theytrytheirb_tosolveyourtroubles.Theygiveawaytheirmoneyandmanyt_toyouandthey_(捐獻(xiàn))bloodforyou.Soyoushouldtakecareofy_.Inthefuture,youshoulddosomethingu_forourcountryto_(回報(bào))fortheirloves.Yours,XXX,destroyed,ouses,ad,ecause,est,ourselves,answer,donate,seful,hings,中考實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（一）,Allaroundtheworld,peopledrinktea.Butteadoesnot_(意味著)(1)thesamethingtoe_(2).Indifferentcountriespeoplehaveverydifferenti_(3)aboutdrinkingtea.InChinapeoplealwayshavetea_(一起）(4)withtheirfriends.Theymaydrinkteaatanytimeoftheday.Theyonlyputtealeavesintheircups.Theyl_(5)theteawithnothing_（其他的）(6)init.Teaisalsoi_(7)inJapan.Itisveryp_(8)there.Peopledrinkteaeveryday.ButtheyhaveitinawaydifferentfromthatinChina.IntheUSApeopledrinkteaatbreakfastorafterm_(9).Theyusuallyuseteabagstomaketheirtea.Makingteawithbagsisfasterande_(10)thanmakingitwithtealeavesinteapots.,mean,veryone,deas,together,ike,else,mportant,eals,opular,asier,中考實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練（二）,2.26-meter-tallYaoMingmadehisNBAdebut(初次登臺(tái))onOctober23,2002andgot6pointsfortheHoustonRocketsinthegame.Thenextday,hegot13pointsina_game.MostpeoplethinkthatYaoMingisabornbasketballplayer.ButYaosaid,“WhenyouwatchitonTV,itlooksveryeasy.ButwhenyouareplayingintheNBA,itisr_notsoeasy.”HesaidthatjoiningtheHoustonRocketswasanew_（開端）andanewchallenge.“Ihopethatthroughveryh_workIcanmakeeveryonehappyandhelptheRocketsw_moregames,”hesaid.YaoMingspeakssomeEnglish.B_heandhisteammatescanu_eachother.Theydontthinkthereisalanguageproblem.WhileYaoMingfacesthisnewchallenge,thepeopleofHoustonhaveshowngreati_inhim，andtheyhopeYanMingwillbringnew_(活力)totheRockets.TheteamhasstartedhavinglessonstolearnmoreaboutChina,andmanypeoplewhoworkfortheRocketshavelearnedtospeaksomeC_.,nother,eally,start,ard,in,oth,nderstand,nterest,energy,hinese,Homework,Thankyou!Goodbye!,Wesometimescallthelion“thekingofthejungle”becauseitisstrongerandmoredangerousthanotheranimals.Itcanr_fasterthanmanyani