英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題-----句子成分和基本句型

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題句子成分和基本句型,Grammar,名詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞在句中獨(dú)立承擔(dān)成分，我們稱(chēng)之為實(shí)詞。介詞、連詞、冠詞不能在句中獨(dú)立擔(dān)任部分，只起輔助的作用，我們稱(chēng)之為虛詞。,主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ),定語(yǔ),補(bǔ)語(yǔ),表語(yǔ),句子的成分,died.,Mycatdied.,主語(yǔ)句子的主體，發(fā)出動(dòng)作的人或物，表示所說(shuō)的是誰(shuí)或是什么。主語(yǔ)一般放在句首，特殊句型中，在句末。,Hewasborninasmallvillage.,代詞,Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.,名詞,Theoldmantoldusastory.,名詞或短語(yǔ),Monkeyeatsbananas.Itismybook.Oneand(plus)oneistwo.Hardworkingleadstosuccess.Tofinishhomeworkisamusttostudent.Whatmakestheteacherangryisthatheistalkinginclassagain.,名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞可以作做主語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞，動(dòng)詞不定式，句子也可以做主語(yǔ)，句子做主語(yǔ)叫主語(yǔ)從句,Mr.Green,Mr.Greendiedyesterday.,謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作特征狀態(tài)等，即主語(yǔ)做什么、是什么、怎么樣等，由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成.,Hearrived.Ilikeapples.itgetscold,不及物動(dòng)詞,及物動(dòng)詞,系表結(jié)構(gòu),系動(dòng)詞(額外補(bǔ)充)亦稱(chēng)連系動(dòng)詞（LinkVerb）。作為系動(dòng)詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨(dú)用作謂語(yǔ)，后邊必須跟表語(yǔ)（名詞或形容詞），構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。,HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.,表語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、特征、狀態(tài)等，位于連系動(dòng)詞后?？勺鞅碚Z(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)及從句等,HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.ThereasonisthatIstayeduplastnight.,名詞或短語(yǔ),形容詞,句子,Ilike,Ilikeswimming,賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。及物動(dòng)詞及相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)后都必須帶賓語(yǔ)。,Ilikeapples.Hegavemeabook.HelikestoplaybasketballWethinkpredictingthefutureishard.,名詞,代詞,名短,不定式,句子,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（賓補(bǔ)）,有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)之外,還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如果沒(méi)有補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(賓補(bǔ)),有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。Healwaysmakesus_.,happy,定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的句子成分?？梢宰龆ㄕZ(yǔ)的有名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞、分詞短語(yǔ)及從句等。形容詞作定語(yǔ)放在名詞之前，副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)常放在名詞后,Whatalovelyday!Ihavealotofworktodo.Thisiaaswimmingpool.Therearetwobutterflies.Iknowthegirlunderthetree.Iknowthegirlwhoissittingunderthetree.,形容詞,動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞-ing,數(shù)詞,介詞短語(yǔ),從句,狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的句子成分稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)。狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、方式、程度、目的、結(jié)果等。可用作狀語(yǔ)的有副詞、不定式短語(yǔ)、分詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)及從句等。如：,Hearrivedyesterday.IhaveafriendinAmerica.IlikedreadingstorybookswhenIwasachild.,時(shí)間副詞,地點(diǎn)介短,句子,practice,1.Heisangry.2.Janeisgoinghomefromschool.3.Themaniswearingablackjacket.4.Thetextisverydifficult.5.Isawhimreadinginthesun.6.Sheputthedishesonthetable.,7.Wefoundtheexerciseeasy.8.Thoughitwasrainingheavily,westillwenttoschool.9.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.10.Helentmethebike.11.WegotoBritainonceayear.12.Lookattheblackboard.,13.Themanwithasmileismyteacher.14.Thefoodontheplatewentbad.16.Hisjobistoprotecttheinnocent.17.Youmustntgooutnow.18.Iusedtogotoworkonfoot.19.Mysisterlooksbeautiful.20.Therearemanywomenteachersinourschool.,1.主語(yǔ)+系(link-v.)+表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),五種基本句型,1.主語(yǔ)+系(link-v.)+表語(yǔ),HeisanEnglishteacher.Theweathergetscold.Kunmingbecomesbeautiful.,2.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vi.),Hearrived.Hearrivedyesterday.Hecameback.,3.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（vt./vi+介詞)+賓語(yǔ),Ilikeapples.Sheoftenlistenstomusic.HearrivedatKunmingyesterday,4.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(vt.)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ),Hegavemeabook.Theoldmantoldusastory.Motherboughtmeanewwatch.,5.主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),Heencouragedmetostudyhard.ShesawtheboysinginginclassroomTomaskedLilytohelphim.,鞏固練習(xí)：,判斷下列句子屬于哪種句型1.Theyworkhard.2.Theflowerisdead.3.Plantsneedwater.4.Hegivesmesomeseeds.,5.Thecaketastesdelicious.6.Classesbe