2018年九年級(jí)英語上冊(cè) 第二單元知識(shí)點(diǎn) （新版）仁愛版

unit 2 topic1 pollution has caused too many problems.詞匯歸納:1.noise (n.) 噪音 noisy (adj.) 嘈雜的voice 嗓音sound 聲音2.chemistry (n.)化學(xué) chemical (n./ adj.) 化學(xué)的/化學(xué)品 chemist (n.) 化學(xué)家3.leaf leaves (pl.) 樹 葉4.butterfly butterflies (pl.) 蝴蝶5.pollute (v.) pollution ( n.) 污染5.produce (v.) 生產(chǎn)- producer ( n.) 生產(chǎn)者6.breathe (v.) breath (n.)呼吸7.harm (v.) harmful (adj.)損害8.hear ( v.) 聽見 hearing (n.)聽力lose ones hearing / have hearing loss 喪失聽力9.lose (v.) loss (n.) 喪失10.comfort (v.) - comfortable (adj.) 舒適 uncomfortable (adj.) 不舒適11.please (v.) 取悅 pleased (adj.)感到高興 pleasant (adj.)令人愉快 - unpleasant(adj.)令人不愉快12.environment (n.) environmental (adj.) 環(huán)境 environmentalproblems 環(huán)境（問題）13.create (v.) creative (adj.) - creation (n.)創(chuàng)造. 詞組歸納:14.bear to do sth. /bear doing sth.忍受做某事15.no better than和幾乎一樣差16.its reported that據(jù)報(bào)道17.several hundred / thousand / million / billion 幾百/千/百萬/十億18.pour into把倒入16.cut it / them down砍倒17.be harmful to / do harm to sb / sth對(duì)有害18.high blood pressure高血壓19.look weak看起來虛弱20.be gone / disappeared消失21.be in a good / bad mood心情好/不好22.care for關(guān)注, 關(guān)心23.throw it / them around把亂扔24.go deaf變聾25.all sorts / kinds of各種各樣26.be good for / be bad for對(duì)有益/害27.had better (not) do sth最好（不）做28.what a mess!多么雜亂?。?9.what a shame !多么可惜??！. 重點(diǎn)句子:1. you could see bees and butterflies dancing.你可以看到蜜蜂蝴蝶在飛舞。2.the flowers and grass have gone.花和草不見了。3.whats worse, the factory makes too much noise.更為糟糕的是，工廠發(fā)出太多的噪音。4.there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.有幾家化工廠往小溪排放廢水。5.everything has changed.一切都改變了。6.ive got a pain in my throat.我喉嚨疼。7.how long have you been like this? ive been like this since last week.你像這樣有多久了 ？從上個(gè)星期以來就一直這樣。8.litter makes a mess of our environment, so people shouldnt throw it around.垃圾使我們的環(huán)境一團(tuán)糟，所以我們不應(yīng)該亂扔垃圾。9.not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humansheath.不是所有的人都知道噪音也是一種污染并且對(duì)人類健康一樣有害。not 與 both, all, every 及 every 的派生詞連用時(shí)表示部分否定；如 ： not everybody likes watching tv.不是每個(gè)人都喜歡看電視。- neither, none, nothing, nobody, no one 表示全部否定。如：neither of the students likes reading.這兩個(gè)學(xué)生都不喜歡看書。10.it was reported that many teenagers in america can hear no better than 65-year-old people do.據(jù)報(bào)道美國許多青少年的聽力和 65 歲老人的聽力一樣差。11.there are many kinds of pollution around us, including air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution and light pollution, water pollution and so on.我們周圍有許多污染，包括空氣污染，土地污染，噪音污染，光污染，水污染等等。12.with the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere.隨著人口的增長和工業(yè)的發(fā)展，垃圾到處都是。13.with less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better.隨著污染的減少，我們的星球更環(huán)保我們的身體更健康。14.too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well. 太多的噪音也能導(dǎo)致高血壓。15.farmers use chemicals too much in their fields. / farmers use too many chemicals which destroy the soil in their fields.定語從句（修飾 chemicals）在田里，農(nóng)民們過多的使用化肥。/ 在田里，農(nóng)民們使用太多的破壞土壤的化肥。16.quite a few people living near airports also have hearing loss.定語（修飾 people）很多生活在飛機(jī)場(chǎng)附近的人也喪失了聽力。17.people who work and live in noisy conditions often go deaf.在噪音條件下工作和生活的人易變聾。定語從句（修飾 people）.grammar:一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的事、存在的狀態(tài)或經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，說話的側(cè)重點(diǎn)在于陳述一件過去的事情，與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系；表示過去的時(shí)間狀語有 yesterday , last week , a moment ago，in 2013 等。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)系的發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作，它不與表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語常有如下四類：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 already（已經(jīng)），just（剛剛，正好），ever（曾經(jīng)），never（從來，也不；從不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常與 recently（近來），so far（到目前為止），in the past/“l(fā)ast + 一段時(shí)間”等時(shí)間狀語連用。因?yàn)樯鲜龆陶Z表示的是從現(xiàn)在起往前推算的一段時(shí)間，句中的動(dòng)作是從過去某一時(shí)間或時(shí)刻開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)常與“for +時(shí)間段或 since +過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”連用（含從句，從句過去時(shí)）。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還與 once（一次），twice（兩次），three times（三次），several times（幾次）等表示重復(fù)次數(shù)的詞語連用。exercises:一句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、the old manlast year.he _for a year. (die) （動(dòng)詞適當(dāng)形式填空）2、this factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)this factory_ for twenty years.3、miss gao left an hour ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)miss gaoan hour ago.4、her mother has been a party member for three years .（同義句）her mother _ the party three years_ .5、the green family moved to france two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)_ two yearsthe green family moved to fra nce.6、the bus has arrived here. it arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個(gè)句子合并成一個(gè)句子)_二用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài)填空：1.shes (live) here ever since she was ten.2.both of them(be) in hongkong for ten days.3.both of them(come) to hongkong ten days ago.4.half an hour _ (pass) since the train(leave).5.mary_(lose) her pen. _ you(see) it here and there?6._ you(find) your watch yet?7.-are you thirsty? -no, i _just (have) some orange.8.we - already(return) the book.9._ they(build) a new school in the village?10.i(not finish) my homework . can you help me?11.my father(read) the novel twice.12.i(buy) a book just now.13.i(lost ) my watch yesterday.unit 2 topic 2 all these problems are serious.一、短語blow strongly（風(fēng)）吹得猛cut sth. down砍伐as a result結(jié)果是change/turn into變成change/turninto把變成blow/wash/take away把吹走/沖走/帶走h(yuǎn)uman beings = humans人類such +n. that如此以至于so+ adj. that如此以至于live a happy/quiet life過上快樂/安靜的生活come into being形成stop/prevent (from) doing阻止做某事keepfrom doing阻止做某事in danger of處于的危險(xiǎn)中die out滅絕plenty of大量的，充足的come to understand/know開始（逐漸）明白/知道the importance of的重要性do/try ones best to do 盡力做某事it says (that)它說it is said that據(jù)說something useful/important一些有用/重要的事none of中一個(gè)也沒here and there = everywhere到處in public在公共場(chǎng)合walk on grass踐踏草地care for關(guān)心、關(guān)注make noise制造噪音too many n.(pl.)太多too much n.(u)太多much too adj.太worst of all最糟糕的是in the beginning起初at the beginning of在的開端during this period在這期間in many ways在很多方面all over/around/throughout/in the world全世界millions of上百萬的have health problems有健康方面的問題pass through通過mainly come from主要來自refer to涉及，提到environmental problems環(huán)境問題seem to do似乎seem +adj.似乎it seems that似乎the shortage of的短缺be short of缺少，短缺avoid doing避免做某事make progress取得進(jìn)步in the field在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域day by day一天天的be covered by/with被覆蓋pass laws against通過反對(duì)的法律break/disobey the rule打破規(guī)則follow/obey the rule遵守規(guī)則make the rule制定規(guī)則the level of the oceans海平面二、句子1.while i was walking down the street just now, i couldnt see anything.剛才當(dāng)我在街上走的時(shí)候，什么也看不清。2.cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐樹木對(duì)人類，動(dòng)植物有害。3.although we have built “the green great wall”, we still need to do something to protect the environment. 盡管我們已經(jīng)建立了“綠色長城”，但我們?nèi)匀恍枰鲆恍┦聛肀Ｗo(hù)環(huán)境。4.as a result, a lot of rich land has changed into desert.結(jié)果，許多肥沃的土地變成了沙漠。5.none of us likes pollution.我們中沒人喜歡污染。6.we should do everything we can to protect the environment.我們應(yīng)該盡一切努力來保護(hù)環(huán)境。7.the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.政府正在做一些有用的事來保護(hù)環(huán)境。8.we shouldnt leave rubbish here and there.我們不該到處亂扔垃圾。三、語法：不定代詞(副詞)1.肯定句用 some-,否定句、疑問句用 any-eg: i saw someone in the room.我看見房間里有人。i couldnt see anything in the blackboard. 我看不見黑板上的東西。2.不定代詞在句中可作主語、表語和賓語。eg: everyone in our class likes sports. 我們班人人都愛運(yùn)動(dòng)。i know nothing about china. 我對(duì)中國一無所知。money isnt everything. 金錢不是一切。3.不定代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。eg: somebody is waiting for you at the gate of school. 有人在校門口等你。everything goes well. 一切進(jìn)展順利。4.不定代詞的定語要后置。eg: i have something important to tell you. 我有一些重要的事要告訴你。the government is doing something useful to protect the environment.政府正在做一些有用的事來保護(hù)環(huán)境。unit 2 topic3what can we do at home to protect the environment ?一、重點(diǎn)詞匯（一）詞形變換1.organization(動(dòng)詞) organize2.recycle (動(dòng)名詞) recycling3. follow (形容詞) following4.electricity (形容詞) electric5. move (名詞) movement6. quick (副詞) quickly7. environment (形容詞) environmental8. protect (名詞) protection（二）重點(diǎn)詞組environmental protection環(huán)境的保護(hù)work for為工作spread message about宣傳有關(guān)訊息reduce air pollution減少空氣污染both sides of 的兩面save money/ energy/ electricity /resources節(jié)省錢/ 能源/ 電、資源be supposed to do sth.應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事reuse plastic bags重復(fù)使用塑料袋encourage students to collect waste paper鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生們收集廢紙fail the exam/ pass the exam考試失敗、考試過關(guān)nodding means agreement.點(diǎn)頭意味著同意shaking means disagreement搖頭意味著不同意so much garbage這么多垃圾to be a greener person成為一名環(huán)保人、（綠色使者）ought to shut off the electricity應(yīng)當(dāng)關(guān)掉電源travel a short distance短途旅行be busy doing sth忙于做某事be busy with sth11.nod /shake the head點(diǎn)/搖頭12.take a cloth bag when you go shopping去購物時(shí)帶上布袋13.ought to do應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事14.turn off /on/ down/up關(guān)/開/開大/關(guān)小.15.grow fruits and vegetables種蔬菜和水果16.after all畢竟17.produce energy from coal從煤中獲取能源18.use nuclear energy使用核能19.use biogas technology使用沼氣技術(shù)20.reach a top speed of 達(dá)到.最高時(shí)速21.no wheel noise沒有輪子噪音22.the lung of the earth地球的肺23.run out用完，耗盡24.remove.from從。去除25.provide wood to build houses提供木材建造房屋26.face many difficulties面臨許多困難27.bite the planters on their legs, arms and faces咬種植者的腿，胳膊和臉28.pick the litter up撿起垃圾29.produce from 利用來產(chǎn)生. produce by通過來產(chǎn)生30.make a short journey短途旅行二、重點(diǎn)句型1.my main job is to help spread message about protecting the environment.我主要的工作是幫助做有關(guān)保護(hù)環(huán)境的宣傳。2.its kind of you to do that.你那樣做真是太好了。3.would you like to be a greener person?你想成為一名綠色使者嗎？4.easier said than done. 說得容易，做得難。5.actions speak louder than words. 百說不如一干；事實(shí)勝于雄辯。6.everyone is supposed to do it. 每個(gè)人都應(yīng)該那樣做。be supposed to do sth.指（按規(guī)定、習(xí)慣、安排等）應(yīng)當(dāng)做某事；必須做某事；相當(dāng)于 should; 用于否定句時(shí)，表“允許”； 如：teachers are supposed to/ should know a lot. 老師應(yīng)該知道很多。you are not supposed to smoke here. 這里不允許抽煙7.first, you ought to shut off the electricity when you leave a room.首先，當(dāng)你離開房間的時(shí)候，應(yīng)該隨手關(guān)閉電源。ought to 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 表 “應(yīng)該; 應(yīng)當(dāng)”; 語氣比 should 強(qiáng);指道義上應(yīng)該做的事,有時(shí)含有責(zé)備或督促的語氣。should 指主觀上感到有責(zé)任或義務(wù)去做。如：you ought to help your mother do some housework.你應(yīng)該幫你媽媽做些家務(wù)。we should study hard.我們應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。其否定式和疑問式：you oughtnt to get up so late in the morning.你早晨不應(yīng)該起這么晚。 ought i to tell her the bad news? 我該告訴她壞消息嗎？yes, you ought.no, you oughtnt.8.it takes people just 7minutes to go to the airport 30 km away.它只需 7 分鐘 30 千米外的地方到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)it takes ( took ) sb. some time to do sth.某人花.時(shí)間做某事.eg.it took the planters two days to carry heavy bags of small trees to the mountain top.種植者花了兩天把裝有小樹苗的沉重袋子背到山頂三語法： 并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡單句并列連接起來的句子稱為并列句 (compound sentence)。并列句中的各個(gè)簡單句彼此獨(dú)立，互不依從，但它們表達(dá)的意思之間有一定的關(guān)系。并列句中的各個(gè)簡單句通常用并列連詞連接起來。并列連詞之前可用逗號(hào)，也可不用逗號(hào)（但however、therefore、otherwise 等并列連詞前后都常有逗號(hào)）。常見的并列句結(jié)構(gòu)是：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句。這種簡單句常被叫做分句i help him and he helps me.我?guī)椭?，他幫助我。（and）this is our first lesson, so i dont know all your names. 這是我們的第一堂課，因此我不知道大家的名字。(并列連詞 so 前有逗號(hào)）she likes bread and milk, but she doesnt like eggs at all. 她喜歡面包和牛奶，但她一點(diǎn)也不喜歡雞蛋。（并列連詞是 but）you can draw a good horse in five minutes, yet you kept me waiting for a year.你能在五分鐘之內(nèi)畫好一匹馬，然而你卻讓我等了一年。（并列連詞是 yet）hurry up, or youll be late. 快點(diǎn)，否則你就會(huì)遲到。（并列連詞是 or）并列連詞并列連詞（或連接副詞）根據(jù)不同含義，分為如下幾類：表示連接，常用的有 and ， not only.but also ，neither.nor 等。right now its the summer vacation and im helping my dad on the farm.眼下正是暑假期間，我?guī)椭职衷谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)里干活。not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.他不僅是我們的老師，而且是我們的朋友。neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for h