中考英語語法專項(xiàng)：定語從句復(fù)習(xí)ppt課件VIP

專題十四定語從句,第一部分中考英語語法專題,在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞、代詞的從句叫定語從句。,定語從句,先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞。定語從句一般放在先行詞后面。,關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose)和關(guān)系副詞（when,where,why)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分，關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語。,Ilikemusicthat/whichIcandanceto.,先行詞,關(guān)系代詞,定語從句,Ilikethesingerwhoisbeautiful.,Ilikethemoviethatisfunny.,找一找,IstillrememberthefirsttimewhenImether.,Ihaveanapple.,Anappleisred.,Ihaveanapple,thatisred.,修飾先行詞anapple,Ihavesomefriends.,Somefriendslikesports.,Ihavesomefriends,wholikesports.,修飾先行詞friends,Ilikethemovie.Themovieisexciting.,Ilikethemoviethatisexciting.,that修飾先行詞movie,Thewomanwholivesnextdoorisateacher.,Thewomanisateacher.,Thewomanlivesnextdoor.,who修飾先行詞woman,關(guān)系代詞如何引導(dǎo)定語從句普通代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別Ihaveasister.SheworksinShanghai.代替sister普通代詞：只起代替的作用（如上例she)Ihaveasisterwho/thatworksinShanghai.關(guān)系代詞：（如上例who/that）,1.代替先行詞;2.它還在定語從句中擔(dān)任一定的成分;3.同時(shí)連接先行詞與它引導(dǎo)的定語從句。（把主句和從句連起來）,Thebuildingisourschool.Thebuildingstandsbytheriver.,關(guān)系代詞的使用取決于先行詞，它們的關(guān)系非常密切，因?yàn)殛P(guān)系代詞在定語從句中代替主句中的先行詞，所以它在一般情況下都跟在先行詞之后，而且它的人稱、數(shù)必須和先行詞一致。,Thebuildingwhich/thatstandsbytheriverisourschool.先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句,which/that是關(guān)系代詞，它在從句中代替先行詞thebuilding,同時(shí)擔(dān)任從句中的主語，也起連詞的作用，把兩個(gè)簡單句連接起來。,關(guān)系詞判斷步驟:1.要看先行詞；2.要確定關(guān)系詞在從句中的成分。,定語從句謂語動詞和先行詞一致.定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)不受主句的限制。Thewomanwho/thatspokeatthemeetingyesterdayismymother.(主句)Thewomanismymother.(敘述客觀事實(shí)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))(從句)Thewoman(who/that)spokeatthemeetingyesterday.(句中yesterday表示過去時(shí)間),TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.,TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.,Theboywho/thatissmilingisTom.(主語),Theboywho/thathasaroundfaceisTom.,TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.,Theboywho/thatsitsinfrontofmeisTom.,Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.,Theman(who/whom/that)everyonelikesiskind.,Thewomangotthejob.Wesawheronthestreet.,Thewoman(who/whom/that)wesawonthestreetgotthejob.,Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.Wemettheteacheryesterday.,Theteacher(who/whom/that)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.,關(guān)系代詞,1.who指人,作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略）,Theman(who)Italkedwithisourteacher.,Apersonwhostealsthingsiscalledathief.,2.whom指人,作賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Theman(whom/who)ItalkedtoisMr.Li.,ThemantowhomItalkedisMr.Li.,關(guān)系代詞,3.whose是代詞的所有格形式,它既可以代人也可以代物。,Pleaseshowmethebook.Itscoverisred.Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.,Isawawoman.Herbagwasstolen.Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.,apple,theredthegreenthesmallthebig,Theapplewhichisredismine.,Theapplewhichisgreenisyours.,Theapplewhichisredissmall,Theapplewhichisgreenisbig.,Canyoufindthepen?Iwrotewithitjustnow.,CanyoufindthepenwithwhichIwrotejustnow?,Canyoufindthepen(which)Iwrotewithjustnow?,4.which指物，作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略,如介詞提前則不能省),Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.,TheTVset(which)heboughtyesterdayismadeinJapan.,Isthisthelibrary(which)youborrowbooksfrom?,Isthisthelibraryfromwhichyouborrowbooks?,1)Thisisthehero(whom)weareproudof.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.Thisisthehero(that)weareproudof.,2)Theroom(that)Iliveinisverybig.Theroom(which)Iliveinisverybig.TheroominwhichIliveisverybig.,注意:固定動介詞組不可分割,介詞不能提前.例如:lookafter,lookat,關(guān)系代詞與介詞:介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí),介詞賓語只能用which代物,用whom代人。(介詞在末尾時(shí),關(guān)系詞可以省略),TheroomwhereIliveisverybig.,定語從句只能用that,不用which的情況：,當(dāng)先行詞是all,any,few,little,none,anything,everything,nothing,everybody,nobody,everyone,noone等不定代詞或被它們修飾時(shí)。ThatsallthatIknow.IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?Heansweredfewquestionsthattheteacherasked.2.當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級或序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)ThatisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.,ThefirstthingthatIshoulddoistoreviewmylessons.3.當(dāng)先行詞有thevery,theonly,thesame等修飾時(shí)。ThatstheonlythingthatIcandonow.Thesearetheverywordsthatheused.4.當(dāng)主句以who或which開頭時(shí)，定語從句的關(guān)系詞用that,而不用which或who.Whoisthegirlthatspoketoyoujustnow?Whichisthepenthatyoulost?,5.先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate.Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures(that)Isee.,關(guān)系代詞只用who,不用that的情況：1.先行詞是anyone,someone,those時(shí)，關(guān)系詞使用whoThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.Isthereanyonewhowantstogothere?2.在therebe句型中，先行詞指人,關(guān)系詞用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.Therearemanyyoungmenwhoareagainsthim.,關(guān)系副詞,關(guān)系副詞是用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的，它和關(guān)系代詞一樣,在從句中代替先行詞,在句中作狀語。,1.where:在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語,指代地點(diǎn).,Thehotelwasntclean.Westayedatthehotel.,Thehotelwherewestayedwasntclean.Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasntclean.Thehotel(which)westayedatwasntclean.,2.when:在從句中作時(shí)間狀語,指代時(shí)間。Illneverforgettheday.IjoinedthePartyonthatday.IllneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.IllneverforgetthedayonwhichIjoinedtheParty.3.why:在從句中作原因狀語,指代原因。Wewantstoknowthereason.Hewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Wewantstoknowthereasonforwhichhewaslateforschool.,Exercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空,Theboy_isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail_Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople_talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.,who/that,which/that,who/that,which/that,5.Theman_hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein_wehavelivedfor10years.8.Iveneverheardofthepeopleandthings_youtalkedaboutjustnow.,whose,whose,which,that,當(dāng)先行詞同時(shí)指人和物時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.,1.Thisisthebag_mymotherboughtyesterday.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.this2.Theman_livesnexttousismyEnglishteacher.A.whomB.whichC.whoD./3.Thegirl_yousawinthestreetisMary.A.thatB.whoseC.whichD.as,A,C,A,定語從句練習(xí),4.Isthisthefactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.whichC.whoD.whom5.Isthisfactory_alotofstudentsvisitedyesterday?A.theoneB.thatC.whichD./6.Theonlylanguage_iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.A.whichB.thatC./D.it,B,A,B,定語從句練習(xí),7.Thegirlhandedeverything_shehadpickedupinthestreettothepolice.A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.all8._cleanstheblackboardshouldbepraised.A.ThatB.WhoC.TheonewhoD.Thestudentswho9.Pleaseshowmethebook_youboughtyesterday.A.whichB.whomC.whoseD.this,C,C,A,定語從句練習(xí),10.Thisisthebestbook_Ihavebeenlookingforallthisyear.A.whoB.whomC.whichD./11.Thisistheonlyarticleofthesethat_writtenbyhim.A.wasB.wereC.isD.are12.Theman_washerejustnowisadoctor.A.whomB.whoC./D.he,D,C,B,定語從句練習(xí),13.Theboy_hastwolovelydogs.A.wholivenextdoorB.whichlivesnextdoorC.whomlivesnextdoorD.thatlivesnextdoor14.Those_madenomistakesintodaysexercisespleaseraiseyourhands.A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who15.Thefarm_westayedlastweekisalovelyplaceforaholiday.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.atthat,D,D,B,定語從句練習(xí),16.Heisthemostcarefulboy_Iknow.A.whatB.whichC.asD./17.Thisistheschool_Mr.Smithoncetaught.A.inthatB.whenC.whereD.there18.Haveyouvisitedthehouse_thefamousscientistwasborn?A.whereB.inthatC.thatD.which,D,C,A,定語從句練習(xí),19.Thefactory_Mr.Liusedtoworkwasclosedlastweek.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which20.Doyoustillremembertheday_wefirstmet?A.thatB.whenC.whatD.onthat,B,B,定語從句練習(xí),21.October1,1949istheday_wellneverforget.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.inwhich22.October1,1949wastheday_thePeoplesRepublicofChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.inwhich23.Isthistheshop_sellschildrensclothing?A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.what,B,B,A,定語從句練習(xí),24.Isthismuseum_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone25.Istillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where,D,D,定語從句練習(xí),26.Haveyouseenthegirl_?A.thatIto