歐洲文化入門--浪漫主義時(shí)期.doc

第七章 1、Romanticism名詞解釋Romanticism was a movement in literature， philosophy， music and art which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Starting from the ideas of Rousseau in France and from the Storm and Stress movement (狂飆運(yùn)動(dòng)) in Germany. Romanticism emphasized individual values and aspirations (靈感) above those of society. As a reaction (反應(yīng)) to the industrial revolution (工業(yè)革命)， it looked to (承上啟下) the Middle Ages and to direct contact with nature (與大自然的直接接觸) for inspiration (靈感)。 Romanticism gave impetus (動(dòng)力支持) to the national liberation movement (民族解放運(yùn)動(dòng)) in 19th century Europe.2、The literary and philosophical trend (傾向) in the Romantic philosophy was represented by Transcendentalism.(先驗(yàn)論)3、the theoretical (理論上的) groundwork (基礎(chǔ)) for capitalism was Adam Smiths the wealth of Nations.4、Brotherhood最早由犬儒派提出，惠特曼的草葉集也提到5、French revolution with its slogans (口號(hào)) of liberty (自由)， equality and universal brotherhood.6、Blake Songs of Innocence (清白之歌) happy world Songs of Experience (經(jīng)驗(yàn)之歌) bitter world (苦澀)7、The Laker poets (The Lakers) Wordsworth Lyrical Ballads (抒情民謠) 與 Coleridge 合寫 The Prelude (序曲) Coleridge Kubla Khan (忽必烈汗) exotic culture (外來文化) The Rime of the ancient Mariner (古舟船泳)8、Lyrical Ballads marked the beginning of the Romantic literature.9、Coleridges works possessed the characteristic of exotic culture. (外來文化)10、Byron Isles of Greece (希臘諸島) Don Juan (唐璜) 莫扎特改編成歌劇 (選擇)Byron 是浪漫主義時(shí)期中國最熟悉的兩個(gè)戰(zhàn)役 hence (戰(zhàn)役) the mention (提到的) of Marathon (馬拉松) and ThermopylaeByronic hero 對(duì)中國影響最深的是魯迅11、Byron created a typical hero which is call The Byronic hero.12、Byron mentioned two important wars of Marathon and Thermopylae in Isles of Greece.13、Byronic hero名詞解釋Byronic hero was created by Byron in the Romantic period of the English literature. The Byronic hero is characterized by bravery and hard working spirit， such as Don Juan as the best representative of the Byronic hero.14、Shelly Ode to the West Wind (西風(fēng)頌) (If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind？) Prometheus Unbound The Lyrical drama 抒情戲劇15、“If Winter comes， can Spring be far behind？” was written in Ode to the West Wind by Shelly.16、Shelly wrote a Lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound which is a parody Prometheus bound written by Aeschylus17、Keats Ode to a Nightingale (夜鶯賦) Ode on a Grecian Urn (希臘古甕頌) Beauty is truth， truth beauty. sonnets (傷籟 十四行詩) 只有真理才是永恒的美18、“Beauty is truth， truth beauty，”was written in Ode on a Grecian Urn by Keats.19、(略)Scott The Heart of Mid-lothian (密德羅安市的監(jiān)獄) Ivanhoe (撒克遜劫后英雄傳)20、The death of Scott marked the end of Romanticism in England. 他的死標(biāo)志著浪漫主義結(jié)束21、Victor Hugo Cromwell (介于浪漫主義與古典主義之間) Notre Dame de Paris (巴黎圣母院) Les Miserables (悲慘世界) 主人公：Jean Valjean22、Victor Hugo was a best representative writer of Romanticism in France.23、George Sand Indiana (印第安納州) misunderstook woman沒受到公正待遇的女性24、Russian Romantic literature was against The Tzarist rule.(沙皇統(tǒng)治)25、The representative writers of Russia Romanticism were Pushkin and Lermontov.26、Pushkin Ruslan and Liudmila (羅斯蘭與雷爾達(dá)米拉) 與 leaves of grass 相似 Boris Godunov (布達(dá)耶夫)It is people， not the Tzar that could change history.不是沙皇改變了歷史而是人 Eugene Onegin (奧涅金) based on Byrons model Don Juan.Pushkin was himself a “Byronic hero”27、Lermontov (雷蒙托夫) The death of a Poet 主人公 (poet) 是： Pushkin A Hero of Our Time (時(shí)代英雄)28、Romantic Music名詞解釋 承前啟后的年代音樂家是重點(diǎn)The Romantic Movement in music dominated (統(tǒng)治) the period about 1830 to about 1900. It was merely part of a general movement， which， all over Europe， especially in Germany and France， affected (感染著) all arts. The Romantic Music is divided into two periods： The early Romantic Music represented by Beethoven， Schubert， Chopin， Schumann， and the later Romantic Music represented by Brahms and Tchaikovsky.29、Beethoven Fate (命運(yùn)交響曲)German Pastoral (田園交響曲)30、 Beethovens most important contributions to the musical world were in those musical forms associated with (伴隨著) the growth of the sonata.(把奏鳴曲放入鋼琴去中)31、His treatment of the piano.32、Schubert Lied (art song) 藝術(shù)歌曲是由 Schubert創(chuàng)的 Austrian (奧地利)Music came to him as naturally as breathing. (像呼吸一樣順暢) 是形容Schubert的33、Chopin (肖邦) Polish (波蘭) piano music的奠基者 He stood in the same relation to piano music that handle did to the oratorio (清唱?jiǎng)?， Mozart to the concerto (協(xié)奏曲) and opera， Beethoven to the symphony (交響樂)， and Schubert to the lied (藝術(shù)歌曲)。34、Schumann German His works were full of imagination. (充滿幻想力) He went a good deal further than most towards individualization (個(gè)性化) and program music (標(biāo)題音樂)。35、Mendelssohn (門德爾松) Fingals Cave (圣格爾的洞穴) German He was also a master in painting landscapes in music. (像描述風(fēng)景一樣)36、Belioz Fantastic Symphony (交響樂狂想曲)37、Brahms浪漫主義與古典主義的完美結(jié)合German cerebral composer (理智的作曲家)38、Three Bs refers to Bach， Brahms， Beethoven.39、Tchaikovsky (Russian) Ballet (芭蕾舞) Swan Lake (天鵝湖)His music mirrored the deep， emotional character of his people. (National emotion)民族情節(jié)論述簡答一、What is the historical background for Romanticism to develop？(What gave a push for Romanticism？)啟蒙運(yùn)動(dòng)的三個(gè)背景的后兩個(gè)為浪漫主義的背景答：1、The Enlightenment brought about two revolutions and they caused Romanticism to rise.2、 First， the French revolution which broke out in 1789， established bourgeois democracy with its slogans (口號(hào)) of liberty (自由)， equality and universal brotherhood (博愛)。 Individualism prevailed (個(gè)人主義流行)。3、 Second， the Industrial Revolution， made possible by technological advances such as James Watts (瓦特) invention of the steam engine i