高中英語(yǔ)倒裝句-教案.docx

學(xué)大教育個(gè)性化教案高中英語(yǔ)倒裝句 教案適用學(xué)科英語(yǔ)適用年級(jí)高一適用區(qū)域珠海課時(shí)時(shí)長(zhǎng)120分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)倒裝句：部分倒裝、完全倒裝教學(xué)目標(biāo)使學(xué)生掌握倒裝句?？贾R(shí)點(diǎn)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)判定什么時(shí)候用部分倒裝，什么時(shí)候用完全倒裝教學(xué)難點(diǎn)使學(xué)生理解倒裝句教學(xué)過(guò)程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)1、Which、who、whom、whose、that、as等關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句；2、When、where、why等關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句3、如何決定用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞二、知識(shí)講解與例題精析主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心，它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序： 一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序（Natural Order）； 二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序（Inverted Order）。 而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有完全倒裝（Full Inversion）和部分倒裝（Partial Inversion） 完全倒裝（Full Inversion）:又稱全部倒裝,是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 部分倒裝（Partial Inversion）:指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前,而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞無(wú)變化。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。 英語(yǔ)句子的倒裝一是由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝,二是由于修辭的需要而進(jìn)行的倒裝。 前一種情況,倒裝是必須的,否則就會(huì)出現(xiàn)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;后一種情況,倒裝是選擇性的,倒裝與否只會(huì)產(chǎn)生表達(dá)效果上的差異。語(yǔ)義解析一、 表示強(qiáng)調(diào): 倒裝句最突出、最常見(jiàn)的修辭效果就是強(qiáng)調(diào),其表現(xiàn)形式如下: 1.only +狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句置于句首,句子用部分倒裝。 例子: Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用這種方法,你才可以解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake. 只有當(dāng)他已經(jīng)說(shuō)出那個(gè)字后才意識(shí)到自己犯了個(gè)大錯(cuò)誤。 2. hardly, in no way, little, scarcely, seldom, never, no more, no longer, not, not only, no sooner, not only (but also),not until 等具有否定意義的詞或詞組位于句首,句子用部分倒裝。 例子: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我剛到家就下起了雨。 Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽車上班。 Not until twelve oclock did she go to bed last night . 她昨晚十二點(diǎn)才上床睡覺(jué)。 3. so / such.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so或such位于句首可以構(gòu)成部分倒裝句,表示強(qiáng)調(diào)so /such和that之間的部分。 例子: So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要價(jià)太離譜,令每個(gè)人都瞠目結(jié)舌。 To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排進(jìn)行得那么長(zhǎng), 以致于那兩個(gè)演員都走出去了。 以上各例都用倒裝語(yǔ)序突出了句首成分,其語(yǔ)氣較自然語(yǔ)序強(qiáng)烈,因而具有極佳的修辭效果。二、 承上啟下 1.為了避免句子部分內(nèi)容不必要的重復(fù)，常用so+be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)或neither/nor + be動(dòng)詞（助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）+主語(yǔ)的倒裝句式。 其中第一個(gè)句式表示與前面所述的肯定情況相同，第二個(gè)句式表示與前面所述的否定情況相同。 例子: A:His brother is（not） a college student; B:so is mine.(nor is mine .) A:他弟弟（不）是大學(xué)生，B:我弟弟也是。(我弟弟也不是。) A:He used to have his further study abroad; B:so did I.(neither did I.) A:他曾去國(guó)外深造過(guò)。B:我也去過(guò)。(我也沒(méi)有。) A:One of my friends can speak three foreign languages; B:so can his wife.(neither can his wife .) A:我的一個(gè)朋友會(huì)說(shuō)三門外國(guó)語(yǔ)。B:他的妻子也會(huì)。(他的妻子也不會(huì)。) 2.倒裝可把前一句說(shuō)到的人或物,或與前一句有聯(lián)系的人或物在下一句緊接著先說(shuō)出來(lái),從而使前后兩句在意思上的關(guān)系更加清楚,銜接更加緊密,起到承上啟下的作用。 例子: They broke into her uncles bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他們破門進(jìn)入她叔叔的臥室,發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在地板上死了。一條棕褐色的蛇纏在他頭上。 We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我們確實(shí)不應(yīng)因?yàn)楸环Q作窮光蛋而憤憤不平。我們的確是窮光蛋,而且還會(huì)繼續(xù)是窮光蛋。三、 制造懸念,渲染氣氛 在新聞或文學(xué)創(chuàng)作中,有時(shí)為了內(nèi)容的需要,或是為了強(qiáng)調(diào),作者常常運(yùn)用倒裝來(lái)制造懸念,渲染氣氛。 如朗費(fèi)羅(Longfellow)雪花中的一節(jié): Out of the bosom of the Air, Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken, Over the woodlands brown and bare, Over the harvest-fields forsaken, Silent, and soft, and slow, Descends the snow. 在這一節(jié)詩(shī)里,詩(shī)人就富有創(chuàng)意地運(yùn)用了倒裝。在前五行中,詩(shī)人堆砌了七個(gè)狀語(yǔ),狀語(yǔ)連續(xù)出現(xiàn)而主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)卻遲遲未露,造成一種懸念效應(yīng)。全節(jié)讀罷,讀者才對(duì)詩(shī)歌的主題恍然大悟,因而收到了不同凡響的藝術(shù)效果。四、 平衡結(jié)構(gòu) 英語(yǔ)修辭的一個(gè)重要原則是尾重原則,即把句子最復(fù)雜的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在語(yǔ)言使用中為了避免產(chǎn)生頭重腳輕、結(jié)構(gòu)不平衡的句子,我們常采用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 1. 以作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭:當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)或主語(yǔ)所帶修飾語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí),為了使句子平衡,常將狀語(yǔ)置于句首,句子用完全倒裝語(yǔ)序。 例子: A.To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners. 一個(gè)連隊(duì)的解放軍戰(zhàn)士來(lái)到了那座煤礦,奉司令部之命解救受困的礦工。 A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities. 地上放著一些空調(diào),等著用船運(yùn)到其他城市去。 從例句中可看出, 采用倒裝語(yǔ)序的A句結(jié)構(gòu)平衡穩(wěn)妥,讀起來(lái)自然流暢,而采用自然語(yǔ)序的B句結(jié)構(gòu)零亂, 讀起來(lái)也別扭。因而,在主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)就應(yīng)采用倒裝語(yǔ)序以取得理想的表達(dá)效果。 2. 以表語(yǔ)開(kāi)頭的句子:有時(shí)為了把較長(zhǎng)的主語(yǔ)放在后面,須將表語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)都提到主語(yǔ)前。 例子: Such would be our home in the future. 我們將來(lái)的家就是這個(gè)樣子。 3. 以副詞here , there開(kāi)頭的句子,也采用完全倒裝來(lái)保持句子平衡。 例子: Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在這兒。五、 使描寫生動(dòng) 有時(shí)為了使敘述或描繪更加生動(dòng)形象,增加語(yǔ)言效果,可將表示方向的副詞(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或擬聲詞(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒裝的語(yǔ)序(主語(yǔ)為人稱代詞的句子除外)。 例子: Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一聲火箭就飛上天了。 Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 當(dāng)警察把手槍瞄準(zhǔn)那個(gè)罪犯時(shí),嘭地一下他就從三樓跳了下去。 Boom went the cannon! 轟隆一聲大炮開(kāi)火了! Bang came another shot! 砰!又是一聲槍響! 以上句子簡(jiǎn)潔明快 ,生動(dòng)逼真地描述了有關(guān)動(dòng)作 ,令我們一覽此類倒裝的風(fēng)采。但這種倒裝句的修辭功能在語(yǔ)段中可以體現(xiàn)得更為清楚。 “Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, . Away they run, pellmell, helterskelter, yellingscreaming, . “Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, . Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens ) 作者在第一段和第二段中分別用副詞away, up和out位于句首引出四個(gè)倒裝句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。從而制造出一種緊張、急促的氣氛 ,生動(dòng)地刻畫了一個(gè)緊張、混亂的捉賊場(chǎng)面。 倒裝是英語(yǔ)中一個(gè)重要的修辭手段。倒裝句的使用豐富了我們的語(yǔ)言表達(dá),了解并掌握倒裝句各種句式的用法 , 不僅會(huì)提高我們對(duì)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言的欣賞能力 , 對(duì)英語(yǔ)表達(dá)能力的提高也將大有裨益。因此,寫作中適當(dāng)用一些倒裝句式定會(huì)使文章表達(dá)更生動(dòng)、有力。結(jié)構(gòu)解析一、含有否定意義的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)引起的倒裝某些表示否定意義的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的這類副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)有：never，seldom ， rarely，no soonerthan，hardlyscarcely barelywhen，no，little，nowhere，not， hardly，no longer， not until，not onlybut also等等。1、never，rarely，seldom位于句首，用于進(jìn)行比較，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own power2、no sooner than，hardly scarcely barely when位于句首，表示一件事緊接著另一件事發(fā)生，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Hardly had he opened his eyes when she told him that it was time for them to cleanScarcely had it grown dark when she realized it was too late to go home3、在由neither，nor開(kāi)頭、引導(dǎo)的表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，neither，nor為否定的附和。例如：The customer complained that the dining table had not been delivered yet，and neither had the chairsI could not persuade him to accept it，nor could I make him see the importance of it 但是，neither用作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的一部分時(shí)，不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Neither of the two books holds the opinion that the danger of nuclear war is increasingNeither of the young men who had applied for a position in the university was accepted4、含有not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句，如果not until位于句首，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，如果是主從復(fù)合句，倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在主句中。例如：1）Not until the game had begun did he arrive at the sports ground2）Not until then did he come to realize the seriousness of the situation5、其他表示否定意義的副詞或副詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Little did we suspect that the district was so rich in mineral resources2）Nowhere has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in this country6、含有no、表示否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)位于句首，句子要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的這類介詞短語(yǔ)有：at no point（決不），at no time，by no means，in no case，in no circumstances，in no sense，in no shape，in no way，in no wise， on no account，on no consideration，under no circumstances，in no time（立刻），in vain（徒勞），not once，still less等等。例如：1）We have been told that under no circumstances may we use the telephone in the office for personal affairs2）At no time and in no circumstances should a Communist place his personal interest first二、其他副詞引起的倒裝在以下列副詞及連接詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。常見(jiàn)的副詞有：only，so， here，there，now，often，then，down，out， in，up，hence，thus，well，off，away，twice， gladly，many a time等等。1、在由only開(kāi)頭的句子中，only后面緊跟用作狀語(yǔ)的副詞、介詞或從句，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Only by shouting at the top of his voice was he able to make himself heard 2）Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests 如果only在句首，但是only后面沒(méi)有緊跟用作狀語(yǔ)的副詞、介詞或從句，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。2、在由so開(kāi)頭、引導(dǎo)的表示前面所說(shuō)的情況也適用于另一人（或事物）的句子中，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，so為肯定的附和。例如：John had been working hard and so had his brother3、由there引起的句子，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）The door opened and there entered a young man in a blue uniform4、由there或now引起的句子、謂語(yǔ)為 come（go）的句子，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）There comes the bus2）Now comes your turn5、由here引起的句子、謂語(yǔ)為be的句子，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Here are some good newly-published novels2）Here is Chinas largest tropical forest但是，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，由here和 there引出的句子也不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Here we are2）Here you are6、由then引起的句子、謂語(yǔ)為come（follow）的句子，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Then come wind，hail and frost2）Then came a new difficulty7、由often引起的句子，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：Often did we warn them not to do so三、虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝1、在含有were，had，should的虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)中，如果省略了連接詞if，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）Were she to leave right now，she would get there on Sunday2）Were they to arrive before we depart the day after tomorrow，we should have a wonderful dinner party3）Had he worked harder，he would have got through the exams2、在表示祝愿的句子中，往往要求用倒裝句。常常將助動(dòng)詞提前或直接將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞置于主語(yǔ)前面，表示祝愿。例如：1）May this book in a small way help to improve your English2）Long live friendship！四、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句中的倒裝在比較狀語(yǔ)從句中，如果主語(yǔ)不是人稱代詞，常?？梢栽谥髡Z(yǔ)前添加助動(dòng)詞do（be）代替前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的動(dòng)詞。這時(shí)，比較對(duì)象放在這個(gè)do（be）后面，形成一種部分倒裝的形式；1）He always spends more time on that useless matter than do the others2）The living standard of the people is higher than was the case ten years agoThe more you explain, the more confused I am.在由no matter how，however和how引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句中，其后的形容詞、副詞應(yīng)隨其移至主謂語(yǔ)之前，而形成部分倒裝。例如：1）However hard he tried，he still failed in the entrance exam2）No matter how badly they had slept she was always up early五、在由soadvadj that和such that引出的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，要求用倒裝句。例如：1）So far does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed2）So suddenly was the attack that we had no time to escape3）So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him六、為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出句子的某一部分，往往可以用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）A very capable young man he is4）Standing beside the table was an interpreter七、在感嘆的句子中，往往要求用倒裝句。當(dāng)一個(gè)句子包含一個(gè)帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)，而補(bǔ)語(yǔ)又被what或how修飾時(shí)，要求用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：1）What a great project it is！2）How beautiful these hills look with the clouds behind them ！虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)可以歸納如下：1.(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形(已考)2.if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句(已考)3.wish, if only, it is time的用法(should)+動(dòng)詞原形的情形1在動(dòng)詞suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, promise, resolve, argue, maintain, determine, recommend, advise, advocate, persuade等表示“命令”、“建議”、“要求”動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。She insisted that the seats (should) be booked in advance. 她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。He advised that the doctor (should) be sent for. 他勸我們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。注：如果上述動(dòng)詞作其他意思解釋，或者說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為所講的事是事實(shí)，要用陳述語(yǔ)氣。When asked why he declined our invitation, he suggested that he was not on good terms with the director.四、課堂運(yùn)用真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that _(我們交研究報(bào)告)。參考答案：we hand in our research report(s)2在advice, demand, order, necessity, resolution, decision, proposal, requirement, suggestion, idea, recommendation, request, plan,等名詞后的主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中-上面(情形1)動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once. 他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。3在形容詞important, necessary, imperative, natural, urgent, essential, appropriate, desirable, vital, advisable, preferable, incredible以及短語(yǔ)no wonder, a pity等可以構(gòu)成“It is +形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。It is necessary that some immediate effort (should) be made. 必須立即采取行動(dòng)。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6:2007.6】It is absolutely unfair that these children _(被剝奪了受教育的權(quán)利).參考答案：These children (should) be deprived of the right to receive education.if或but for等引導(dǎo)的條件句if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句的用法條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)would+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞(had done)would have done與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反一般過(guò)去時(shí)/were+不定式/should+動(dòng)詞原形would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形He wouldnt feel so cold if he were indoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會(huì)覺(jué)得冷了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）I am sorry I am very busy just now. If I had time, I would certainly go to the movies with you.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。如果有時(shí)間，我肯定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）The conference wouldnt have been so successful if we hadnt made adequate preparations.如果我們不做充分的準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開(kāi)得這么成功的。（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）If it snowed/were to snow/should snow tomorrow, I should (would) stay at home. 與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反but for=if it were not for/if it had not been forlBut for your help they would not have fulfilled the task in time.真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4:2006.12】The victim _(本來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))if he had been taken to hospital in time參考答案：would have survived【CET-6:2007.12】But for mobile phone, _.我們的通訊就不可能如此迅速和方便)參考答案：our communication would not have been so efficient and convenient.【CET-6:2007.1If you had _(聽(tīng)從了我的忠告， 你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩).參考答案：followed my advice/suggestion, you would not have been in trouble.It is (high, about) time 句型要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，指現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”。Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.something was done/some measures were taken動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反were或動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去式與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had done或would/could have done將來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望would/should(could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形I wish she were here. 她在這里就好了。I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我們一塊去。I wish she had taken my advice. 那時(shí)她要是聽(tīng)我的話就好了。if only后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（要是就太好了）現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望一般過(guò)去式過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過(guò)去完成式If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能講幾種外語(yǔ)就好了！課程小結(jié)知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：1、倒裝句（Inversion）英語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序是“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”。如果將謂語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序稱為“倒裝”。一、倒裝的類型類型例 句說(shuō) 明完全倒裝Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國(guó)朋友。整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)移至主語(yǔ)之前。部分倒 裝Seldom does he go to school late.他上學(xué)很少遲到。只把系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或表語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。二、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法1、由于語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝情 況例 句說(shuō) 明疑問(wèn)句中Have you got a dictionary?Where did he go last Monday?Are you listening to the radio?Who told you the news?Which boy broke this glass?用完全或部分倒裝，但以疑問(wèn)詞或疑問(wèn)詞修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)的疑問(wèn)句要用正常語(yǔ)序?！皌here be”結(jié)構(gòu)中There are three wells in our village.There will be a party tonight.在以there,here now,then,just,out,in,up,down.away,bang等方位或擬聲詞的副詞開(kāi)頭的句子中，且謂語(yǔ)為be,stand,lie,come,go,fall等Here is a letter for you.這兒有你一封信。There goes the bell. 鈴響了。Now comes your turn to play.現(xiàn)在輪到你玩了。Away went the crowd one by one .In came our teacher.Out rushed the boys.一般使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則用正常語(yǔ)序。Look, there he comes! 看，他來(lái)了。Down she went 她下來(lái)了。在以nor,Neither,no more或者so開(kāi)頭的句中 I cant swim, nor (neither)can she .我不會(huì)游泳，她也不會(huì)。He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 他沒(méi)有來(lái)，他妻子也沒(méi)有來(lái)。表示“也不”,neither和nor意思相同,可以替換使用, So表示“也一樣”時(shí)用倒裝，但僅用于肯定對(duì)方所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。so + 動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)“也是如此”neither/ nor + 動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)表示兩人的同樣一個(gè)情況時(shí)，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)要一致。否則要用so it is withMy brother can speak French. So can my sister.It is a sunny day. So it is.例如：You can ride a bike. So can I .He has been to Beijing. So have I .The first one isnt good, neither is the second.例如：His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. So it is with his aunt.用在as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .盡管這些貴族很傲慢，他卻害怕見(jiàn)我。Young as he is, he knows a lot .雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。從屬連句as用于特殊語(yǔ)序，含義與though, although相同，但“as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示非常強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)照，必須用倒裝（表語(yǔ)提前,部分倒裝）,Though引導(dǎo)的句子可倒裝也可不到裝， although引導(dǎo) 的句子不可倒裝2、為了加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣而使用的倒裝。（使句子更加流暢，更加生動(dòng)）情 況例 句說(shuō) 明含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時(shí)Never before have we seen such a sight.以前我們從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這樣的情景。Little did I think that he could be back alive.Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.不僅他所擁有的一切都被剝奪了,而且連他的德國(guó)公民權(quán)也被剝奪了。常用否定詞有: never, not, hardly, scarcely(幾乎不), seldom, little, barely(幾乎不), rarely(很少的),by no means, in no way, at no time, not until, not onlybut also, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely)when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。當(dāng)not onlybut also連接主語(yǔ)成分時(shí)，句子用正常語(yǔ)序。Not only Jack but also many others enjoy pop music.副詞only放在句首時(shí)Only then did he realize his mistakes .Only in this way can you learn maths well .only 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其句型為“only +狀語(yǔ)+部分倒裝”。如置于句首的only修飾主語(yǔ)，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Only Mother can understand me .Only three of us failed in the exam.虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件從句中Were they here, they would help us .Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.Should you fail, take more pain and try again.把從句中if省略將were，had或should放在主語(yǔ)的前面。直接引語(yǔ)的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí)“He is a clever boy”said the teacher.“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help” “What do you think of the film? ”he asked. “Im leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.主句主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次序顛倒，用完全倒裝。但如果主句主語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí)或謂語(yǔ)部分比主語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)，一般不用倒裝。表示祝愿的句子中May you succeed! 祝你成功。Long live the Communist Party of China.中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨萬(wàn)歲！謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或謂語(yǔ)的一部分放在主語(yǔ)的前面。在頻度狀語(yǔ)often, always, many a time等開(kāi)頭的句子中Often did we warn them not to do so.我們?cè)啻尉嫠麄儾灰@樣做。Many a time has she helped me with my English.她不止一次地幫助或?qū)W習(xí)英語(yǔ)。在方式狀語(yǔ)thus開(kāi)頭的句子中及程度狀語(yǔ)so放句首Thus ended his life.這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。表地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)放在句首。In the middle of the room stood a little girl.在房間中央站著一個(gè)小女孩。In the distance was a horse.馬在遠(yuǎn)處。 一般使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。但如果主語(yǔ)是代詞則用正常語(yǔ)序。課后作業(yè)倒裝句練習(xí) (I)1. Never in my life such a thing.A. I have heard of or seen B. I had heard of or seen C. have I heard of or seen D. did I hear of or seen2. Seldom TV during the day.A. they watch B. are they watching C. have they watched D. do they watch3.Not until his comrades criticized him to admit his mistake.A. does he begin B. did he begin C. began he D. had he begun4. Not only a promise, but also he kept it.A. did he make B. he madeC. does he makeD. has he made5. nor read English.A. Cant he either write B. He can neither write C. Can he neither write D. Neither he can write6. Only when thousands of flowers bloom together .A. spring will be considered hereB. could spring be considering hereC. can spring be considered hereD. spring can be considered here7. his appearance that no one could recognize him.A. So was strange B. Was so strangeC. So strange wasD. Strange so was8. and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumped C. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat9.“It was cold yesterday.”“ .”Which of the following is wrong.A. So it was B. So is it todayC. So was it