自考綜合英語二Lesson 2教案.doc

Lesson 2 綜合英語（二）上冊教案Lesson Two IconsPart OneObjectives: Students will be able to: 1. grasp the main idea and structure of the text; 2. master the key language points and grammatical structure in the text; 3. conduct a serious of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the lesson.Key Points: Key words & paraphraseDifficult Points: Write an essay based on the text.Part TwoTeaching Steps:Step 1 Language Study1. cultural adj. culture n. 文化2. heroine n. hero n. 英雄3. glamour n. glamorous adj. 迷人的4. achievement n. achieve v. 實現(xiàn)；完成5. fashion n. fashionable adj. 時髦的6. distinguish v. distinguished adj. 杰出的；著名的7. consciousness n. conscious adj. 有意識的8. unheroic adj. heroic adj. 英雄的；英勇的9. economy n. economic adj. 經(jīng)濟的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的 economical adj. 經(jīng)濟的；節(jié)約的；經(jīng)濟學(xué)的10. consequently adv. consequent adj. 作為結(jié)果的；結(jié)局的 consequence n. 結(jié)果11. legendary adj. legend n. 傳奇12. mythic adj. myth n. 神話13. indefinable adj. definable adj. 可限定的 define v. 限定14. accomplishment nj. accomplish v. 完成 辨析：accomplishment與achievementachievement：1. 達成；完成U achievement of an ambition 抱負的實現(xiàn) 2. 成就，成績C The invention of the computer is a great achievement. 發(fā)明電腦是一大成就。accomplishment: 1. 成就；成績C The first walk on the moon was quite an accomplishment.第一次在月球上行走是一項了不起的成就。2. 才藝,教養(yǎng);造詣;技能P1 That class increased her accomplishments as a pianist. 那個培訓(xùn)班增長了她作為鋼琴師的技藝。3. 完成;實現(xiàn)U This plan is difficult of accomplishment. 可見：前者強調(diào)“成功”，后者強調(diào)“實現(xiàn)，過程”。15. evident adj. evidence n. 證據(jù)；跡象 v. 證明16. inspire v. inspiration n. 鼓舞17. proof n. prove v. 證明 provable adj. 可證實的18. recognition n. recognize v. 承認；認出19. eloquence n. eloquent adj. 雄辯的20. brilliance n. brilliant adj. 有才氣的；顯赫的21. coordinator n. coordinate v. 協(xié)調(diào)22. original n. origin n. 起源23. disastrous adj. disaster n. 災(zāi)難24. insincere adj. sincere adj. 真誠的 sincerity n. 誠實；真摯25. hesitancy n. (hesitance) hesitant adj. 遲疑的；猶豫的 hesitate v. 猶豫；躊躇26. If you were asked to list， you would 虛擬語氣，表示與當(dāng)前情況的假設(shè)。 Example: If I had enough money, I would buy that car.27. If next you were, who somehow seem bigger than life, you might come up with an entire different list. bigger/larger than life 超群的；夸大的 Example: His sadness was bigger than life. 他傷心極了。 come up with bring forward with 提出；想出 Example: Some new issues were come up with at the meeting. 在這個會上提出了一些新問題。28. You might, in fact, name people who are celebrated for their wealth and glamour, rather than their achievements be celebrated for 因.而受到頌揚、贊美 Example: Most doctors and nurses were celebrated for their bravery in the battle against SARS. 大多數(shù)醫(yī)務(wù)人員由于在抗擊“非典”戰(zhàn)役中的勇敢表現(xiàn)而受到了人們的贊揚。 rather than instead of 不是.（而是） Example: He was criticized by the teacher for his absence from class rather than his failure in the exam. 他因缺課而受到了老師的批評，而不是因為他這次考試的失敗。29. And you would not be alone, because pollsters have found that people today do not choose political leaders who shape history for their “Most Admired” be not alone in thinking/believing others agree with you 在.方面別人也有同感 Examples: Were not alone in believing that Xiao Jiang is the best person for the job. 我們相信小江是這項任務(wù)的最佳人選，別人也有同感。 Professors are disappointed about what has happened in the presidential election, and they are not alone in that. 教授們對總統(tǒng)選舉中所發(fā)生的一切感到失望，同感者大有人在。 shape form or take shape, give signs of future development 塑造；影響；決定 Example: Our plan is shaping well. 我們的計劃進展順利。 shape history（the course or events） 決定歷史的進程（事件的發(fā)展） Example: Great men can shape history but they cant make history. 偉人可以決定歷史的進程，但他們不能創(chuàng)造歷史。30. By definition, heroes and heroines are men and women distinguished by uncommon courage achievements, and self-sacrifice made most often for the benefit of others Paraphrase: heroes and heroines are people who are different from other people because of their unusual courage, achievements and the sacrifices they make in the interests of others. by definition by defining 通過定義，界定 Example: By definition, heroes are those who are distinguished by their accomplishment. 根據(jù)定義，英雄以其所取得的成就而出名。 be distinguished (from) by to be noticeably different from or better than others of the same type because of an unusual quality 以.而著稱；有別于；不同于 Examples: Xiao Yang is distinguished from other young men by his unusual maturity. 小楊的老練程度超過了其他年輕人。 Chinese people are distinguished by their diligence and courage. 中國人民以勤勞勇敢而著稱。 Cf. distinguish between/ sth. from sth. eles to notice or understand the difference between/ to tell one thing from another. 區(qū)別 Examples: Colour-blind people find it hard to distinguish between red and green. 色盲的人很難分清紅、綠兩色。 City people often cant distinguish young wheat from weeds. 城里人往往分不清麥苗和野草。 distinguished guests 貴賓 for the benefit of for ones benefit; or the profit of 為，為的利益 Examples: The money is to be used for the benefit of the poor in the rural area. 這筆錢要用來幫助農(nóng)村地區(qū)的窮人。 for the benefit of the people/country 為了人民/國家利益31. they are people against whom we measure others. 他們是我們評價別人的標準。 Paraphrase: We judge people by comparing them with heroes, and find out about their value. measure sth. against to judge the value of sb./sth. using sth. else as a standard; to compare sth. with a certain standard 對照來評價 Examples: Our production costs are high, when they are measured against the worlds advanced level. 對照世界先進水平，我們的生產(chǎn)成本過高。 Your performance is poor when measured against the success of the other sales personnel. 與其他銷售人員的業(yè)績相比，你的業(yè)績相當(dāng)差。32. Yet, some people say that ours is an age where true heroes and heroines are hard to come by, where the very ideal of heroism is something beyond us-an artifact of the past. 可是，有人說，我們的時代是很難出現(xiàn)真正英雄的時代，英雄主義這一概念本身我們就難以理解它已經(jīng)成為歷史。 Paraphrase: Yet, some people say that we are living in a new age. In this age heroes and heroines are rare, and heroism is only something people admire but do not practice. Heroic and noble conduct is a thing of the past. come by 找到，遇到 Example: How did you come by this second-hand book？ 你是怎樣找到這本舊書的。 heroism is something beyond us we have no idea what heroism is 我們不知道英雄行為是何物 an artifact of the past歷史文物，這個短語是對heroism的補充說明。 be beyond sb. 為某人所不能理解；對某人來說太難 與beyond搭配的詞有： beyond power越權(quán)beyond belief不可相信beyond recognition 難以認出 beyond control無法控制beyond doubt/question毫無疑問 beyond imagination難以想象 beyond ones means （經(jīng)濟上）難以承受 beyond description難以描述33. Consequently, bereft of cultural heroes, we have latched onto cultural icons 因此，缺少了民族英雄，我們就迷上了通俗文化偶像。 Paraphrase: As a result, since there were no cultural heroes for us to admire, we have began to admire cultural icons. consequently as a result 因此，于是 bereft of （正式）失去；缺少 bereft（bereave的過去式、過去分詞） Example: The boy is bereft of hope. 這孩子失去了希望。 latch onto/on to sb./sth. （informal） to become very interested in sb./sth.，often finding them so useful that we dont want to let them go 對某人或某事產(chǎn)生極大的興趣，往往不愿意放棄（這里作者的意思是：人們開始迷上了文化偶像之后，就一發(fā)不可收拾，對他們的崇拜愈來愈狂熱。）34. who are simply famous for being famous. 僅僅因為有名而成名的人 Paraphrase: who are well-known just because they are frequently seen in public, so that a lot of people know them or know about them (not because they possess unusually fine qualities or because they have made great contributions to society).be famous for be known for35. They are people who manage to transcend celebrity, who are legendary, who somehow manage to become mythic. 他們超越了名流，成為傳奇式人物，甚至在某種程度上已是神話式的人物。Paraphrase: Cultural icons make themselves more famous than celebrities; they inspire great admiration; and to a certain degree, they become important people. 注意：此句用三個由who引導(dǎo)出的并列的定語從句來修飾 people，界定文化偶像的三個特點：比名流名氣更大，受到崇拜，成為重要人物。36. In part, their lives have the quality of a story. 部分的原因是由于他們的生平帶有傳奇故事的色彩。Paraphrase: Part of the reason is that their lives are unusual, full of ups and downs like people in legends or myths. in part partly; to a certain extent 在一定程度上，部分地 Example: He failed in the exams in part because he was careless. 他沒通過考試在一定程度上是由于他粗心。37. Good looks certainly help. 漂亮的長相當(dāng)然有用。 Paraphrase: Attractive appearance is surely very useful in the making of an icon.help to improve a situation or to make sth. happen 起作用Examples: Wisdom, not strength helps in the matter. 在這方面智慧起作用，力量無濟無事。 To be young and single definitely help when youre looking for a job. 年輕又單身在找工作時是有利的條件。38. So does a special indefinable charisma, with the help of the media. 在媒體的炒作下某種難以描述的、特殊的個人魅力也起作用。 Paraphrase: A particular great charm that is hard to define also proves useful. The media help to impress people with it. with the help of 在的幫助下 這是個倒裝句，A special indefinable charisma是主語，does是謂語，代表helps，介詞短語 with the help of the media作狀語。39. But nothing becomes an icon more than a tragic and early death. 然而悲劇性地過早離開這個世界，卻是造成偶像最重要的因素。 become 適合；與.相稱 Examples: Purple becomes her. 紫色很適合她。 Dont be rude. It doesnt become you. 別動粗，這同你的身份不相稱。40. Being Somebody當(dāng)名人 somebody an important person 名人；重要人物 Examples: It is said that his father is somebody in the show business. 據(jù)說他的父親是演藝界的大腕人物。 He spoke as if he was somebody in the department. 他說話的樣子好像他是系里了不起的人物似的。 Cf. something a thing or a person that thought to be important or worth noting有見地；有道理；了不起 Examples: Theres something in what the boy says.那男孩子的話還真有道理。 Christy has learned to write with his left foot. Its really something. 克里斯蒂學(xué)會用左腳寫字了，真了不起。 Youve done it, Chris. Youre really something. 克里斯，你成功了。你可真了不起。41. Their accomplishments are still evident in our own day. Paraphrase: Today we still see or feel what they achieved in the past.42. Todays celebrities, however, often do not become known for any enduring achievement. 然而，當(dāng)今的名人往往并不是由于他們所取得的成就而聞名。 Paraphrase: But, today, people often do not become famous because theyve achieved something (a great book, an invention, a discovery, a way of thinking, etc.) that will last or influence people for a long time. be/become known for to be/become famous because of Examples: Suzhou is known for its beautiful gardens.蘇州因其美麗的園林而聞名。 He became known for a book he wrote when he was 17. 他因17歲時寫的一本書而出名。 Cf. be known as to be called, regarded as, looked upon as 以.而著稱 Examples: In China, Suzhou and Hangzhou are known as “paradises on earth”. 在中國，蘇州和杭州被稱為“人間天堂”。 The girl has an unusually large vocabulary and is known as a walking dictionary. 那女孩知道的詞真多，被稱為“活字典”。 Singapore is known as a garden city. 新加坡以花園城而聞名。43. The year before, that distinction went to President Carters wife, Rosalynn. 前一年，這個稱號又送給了卡特總統(tǒng)夫人，羅薩琳。 Paraphrase: The year before, the title/honour was given to President Carters wife, Rosalynn./The year before, President Carters wife, Rosalynn, won the honour. (prize, title, honour, property, etc.) go to sb./sth. to be given to, awarded to, or inherited by sb.贈送給，授予 Examples: The money they raised from the concert all went to the flooded area. 舉辦音樂會所得款項全部捐贈給水災(zāi)地區(qū)。 The house was left to his son, and all the paintings went to his daughter. 房子留給了他的兒子，女兒繼承了所有繪畫。44. The hero was distinguished by his accomplishment; the celebrity by his image or trademark. 英雄因其成就而出眾，而名流則因其形象或其特征而出名。 Paraphrase: The hero was different from ordinary people because of what he had achieved; the celebrity differs from ordinary people merely because he is well-known.45. The hero created himself; the celebrity is created by the media. 英雄因其成就而名，而名流則因媒體的宣傳而出名。（英雄造就自己，媒體造就名流。） Paraphrase: The hero was admired for what he had hone for society; the celebrity bursts onto the scene through the work of the media. 46. The hero was a big man; the celebrity is a big name. 英雄是了不起的人物，名流是了不起的名聲。 Paraphrase: The hero was an outstanding man with excellent qualities; the celebrity is an average person with an enviable reputation. (Heroes are men and women of great moral strength; celebrities are famous people.)47. There is another distinction: heroes inspire respect, celebrities inspire envy. Paraphrase: Another way to distinguish heroes and celebrities is that people respect heroes and envy celebrities.48. Except for the attention they get from the media, these people are exactly like us. 要不是媒體的關(guān)注，這些人和我們沒什么兩樣。Paraphrase: If the media didnt give them so much attention, they wouldnt be any different from ordinary people.注意except 和except for的區(qū)別： except for with the exception of (used to introduce the only thing or a person that prevent a statement from being completely true) 1）從一個表示整體的單數(shù)名詞中除掉一部分The essay is excellent except for the conclusion.這篇文章除結(jié)尾之外總體不錯。 Cf. All the essays are good except yours and Johns.除了你和約翰的文章之外，其他人的都不錯。 The whole class passed the test except for John.全班除了約翰之外都通過了測試。 Cf. We all passed the test except John.除約翰之外我們都通過了測試。 2） 所談及的名詞和除外的名詞代表不同的類別時The country is not worth seeing, except for its temples.那個國家除了寺廟之外沒有什么值得游覽的。 The road was deserted except for a few cars.路上除了幾輛轎車之外杳無人絕跡。 Cf. All the roads are deserted except one.除了一條路之外，其他路上行人絕跡49. Previously, men like Gould and Harriman, whose names everyone knew, could easily have passed through a crowd without being recognized. Paraphrase: In the past, when famous men like Gould and Harriman walked through a crowd, it was quite possible that people dont recognize them, though everyone knew of them.此句的意思是：這兩個人要是在人群里走走的話，人們完全可能不知他們?yōu)楹卧S人。（但他們極少出現(xiàn)在人群之中。）could have done sth.（情態(tài)助動詞could與完成時形式的動詞不定式have done sth.連用） 表示過去可能會發(fā)生但實際上沒有發(fā)生的事情：Examples: You could have got a job last year.你本來去年就可能會找到工作的。Ten people were killed in the accident . They could have been saved. 事故中有10人死亡，他們的生命本來是可以挽救過來的。pass through to go through a town, etc., stopping there for a short time but not staying50. The reproduction of photos in newspapers turned famous people into celebrities whose dress, appearance,and personal habits were widely commented upon. 現(xiàn)在報紙上能刊登照片，這使名人成為名流，他們的衣著、外貌和體態(tài)舉止都成為人們評論的對象。Paraphrase: When famous peoples photos appeared in newspapers, their outward featurestheir appearance, their clothes, and the way they carried themselvesbegan to attract public attention and get talked about. In this way these famous people gradually became celebrities.turninto to cause sth./sb. to become 使成為；把變成Examples: Her bitter experience has turned her into a strong woman.痛苦的經(jīng)歷使她成了一個堅強的女人。 The mobile medical team turned an old temple into a first-aid station.流動醫(yī)療隊把一座古廟改造成了急救站。 personal habits 指人的舉手投足，外在形象comment on/upon to give/express opinions about 評論；議論Examples: The U.S.2000 presidential election has been much commented upon. 2000年美國的總統(tǒng)選舉招致了不少的議論。 I dont think it right to comment on peoples private affairs.我覺得議論別人的私事是不對的。51. Slowly, the focus of public attention began to shift away from knowing what such people did to knowing what they looked like. 公眾的注意力逐漸由了解這些人做了些什么轉(zhuǎn)移到了了解他們長得是什么樣子。shift (away) fromto to change in emphasis, direction or focus 轉(zhuǎn)移Examples: When the wind shifted from south to north, it began to get cold.風(fēng)向由南轉(zhuǎn)北，天氣變冷了。 In the early 1960s, the emphasis of our countrys economy shifted from heavy industry to light industry and agriculture.20世紀60年代初期，我國經(jīng)濟的重點工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向輕工業(yè)和農(nóng)業(yè)。look like to have the appearance of 看起來像Examples: The restaurant looks like a ship.這家餐館的外形像條船。From the way they treat each other they look like sisters.她們親昵的樣子看起來像是姐兒倆。like 常與其他表示感官功能（如視覺、觸覺、味覺、聽覺等look like; feel like; smell like; sound like）的動詞連用。Examples: In the middle of the night we were woken up by some noise. It sounded like a fight. 半夜里我們被吵醒了，聽起來像是吵架的聲音。 The dish sells like fish, but tastes like beef.這道菜聞起來像魚，嘗起來像牛肉。 The material feels like silk.這塊料子摸起來像絲綢。52. With the arrival of television 由于電視的出現(xiàn)Paraphrase: Because we now have televisionwith because of havingExamples: With a large family to support, he cannot afford a new coat this year 由于有一大家人要養(yǎng)活，他今年不能給自己買新大衣了。 With John away, weve got more room. 由于約翰不在，我們的地方顯得更寬敞。 With all the homework to do, I cannot go out this weekend. 有這么多作業(yè)要做，這個周末我不能出去了.53. than we did about most of the people we know personally.Paraphrase: than we know about most of the people we actually know.54. Less than seventy years after the appearance of the first moving pictures, the shift from hero-worship to celebrity-worship was complete.第一部電影問世后不到70年，英雄崇拜就徹底轉(zhuǎn)變成名人崇拜了。電影起源于19世紀末，人們傳統(tǒng)上認為1899年是電影誕生之年，此句的意思是在20世紀60年代末人們崇拜對象的轉(zhuǎn)變就完成了。moving picture 的其他名稱為：picture, motion picture, film, movie等。55. Today an appearance on a television talk show is the ultimate proof of “making it”; in America. 今天在電視臺的一個脫口秀節(jié)目上一露臉就絕對能證明你在美國“一舉成名了”。Paraphrase: Today, if you are invited as a guest on a TV talk show, you definitely