科技翻譯論文英語(yǔ)知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文

科技翻譯論文英語(yǔ)知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文科技翻譯論文英語(yǔ)知識(shí)論文翻譯方法與技巧論文 談科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn)談科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn) 摘要 隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)和國(guó)防建設(shè)的發(fā)展 科技翻譯在科研 實(shí)驗(yàn) 設(shè)計(jì) 加工 科技信息和科 技管理中充當(dāng)著日益重要的角色 因此提高科技翻譯能力是很有必要的 本文從翻譯學(xué)習(xí)的角度闡述 了科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn) 關(guān)鍵詞 科技翻譯 英語(yǔ)知識(shí) 翻譯方法與技巧 從明末清初的科技翻譯至今 人們對(duì)科技翻譯的需求越來(lái)越大 這個(gè) 信息爆炸 的時(shí)代 無(wú)論是高校 的科技教學(xué)與交流 還是社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的科技創(chuàng)新和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展 都離不開(kāi)科技翻譯 翻譯的方法 樣式 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和風(fēng)格無(wú)不與時(shí)俱進(jìn) 但是科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn)是不變的 一個(gè)翻譯人員 如果他的外語(yǔ)達(dá)不到他母語(yǔ)水平的 60 70 就很難勝任有關(guān)的翻譯工作 一篇 科技文章中其實(shí)只有少量自己特定的東西 大多背景和術(shù)語(yǔ)都是差不多的 真正著手時(shí)翻譯人員會(huì)發(fā) 現(xiàn)沒(méi)有想象得那么難 一個(gè)文科出身的翻譯人員 如果不能從事工程技術(shù)等翻譯工作 并不是因?yàn)槭?文科專(zhuān)業(yè)的限制 而是其本身的功力不夠 是否具有扎實(shí)的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯的決定性因素 科技翻譯幾乎涵蓋了所有理工常見(jiàn)的學(xué)科 專(zhuān)業(yè)和行業(yè) 而且是一種跨文化和地域的交流活動(dòng) 這 些特征決定了翻譯人員只有具備較高的英語(yǔ)知識(shí)技能水平 才能提高雙語(yǔ)對(duì)比知識(shí)及運(yùn)用的能力 進(jìn) 而拓展更有廣度的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)面和培養(yǎng)思維轉(zhuǎn)換應(yīng)變能力 所以 要真正提高科技翻譯水平 必須了解 科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn) 努力在實(shí)踐中提高自己的科技翻譯水平 一 英語(yǔ)詞匯 科技翻譯中的英語(yǔ)詞匯要注意到詞匯量和專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)這兩個(gè)方面 詞匯量少 望文生義會(huì)導(dǎo)致把握詞 語(yǔ)的準(zhǔn)確度差且錯(cuò)詞率高 科技作品中 不同的專(zhuān)業(yè)有不同的專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ) 不能隨意改換 所以科技翻 譯人員除了要掌握原語(yǔ)和譯入語(yǔ)的基本技能以外 還應(yīng)熟悉所翻譯的專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)術(shù)語(yǔ) 在翻譯 時(shí)盡量使用這些術(shù)語(yǔ) 特別是針對(duì)一些概念性詞匯 比如 在同一篇科技譯文中 科技名詞 專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù) 語(yǔ)務(wù)求統(tǒng)一 原則上還必須采用國(guó)家自然科學(xué)出版機(jī)構(gòu)的詞典或者其他有關(guān)政府部門(mén)規(guī)范所規(guī)定的名 詞術(shù)語(yǔ) 對(duì)于詞匯的翻譯 有三方面的影響因素 首先 許多科技詞匯是通過(guò)構(gòu)詞法而來(lái) 對(duì)其詞義的推敲 便離不開(kāi)詞素的語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)境 所以 了解英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法對(duì)我們準(zhǔn)確理解科技術(shù)語(yǔ)詞義和翻譯科技術(shù)語(yǔ)是有 幫助的 此外 周?chē)~和所在句及所在段落影響一個(gè)詞的詞義 該詞詞義的確切含義通常需要從其詞 語(yǔ)語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)境 句子語(yǔ)境或段落語(yǔ)義語(yǔ)境中獲取 如原文 science and technological advances are enabling us comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos 譯為 科技進(jìn)步正在使我們能夠探索宇宙的邊陲 這里 的 reach 不應(yīng)該為原意 到達(dá) 根據(jù)語(yǔ)境引申為 邊陲 再次 大量科技新成果的出現(xiàn)導(dǎo)致大量科技新 詞的產(chǎn)生 遇到新詞時(shí) 有必要請(qǐng)教專(zhuān)業(yè)人員或查閱相關(guān)工具 二 造句 科技文章的造句也講究文采 這種文采體現(xiàn)在 長(zhǎng)句的邏輯性 表達(dá)客觀和描述練達(dá) 這也是準(zhǔn)確 規(guī)范達(dá)意并及時(shí)有效的翻譯不可或缺的途徑 把握好句子的文采不僅節(jié)省讀者看原文時(shí)拆解長(zhǎng)句的時(shí) 間 而且使他們得以專(zhuān)心致志地研讀原文的技術(shù)內(nèi)涵 快速進(jìn)入閱讀狀況 反之 如果翻譯還得讓讀 者去揣摩核對(duì)原文和譯文 就違背了我們科技文獻(xiàn)翻譯的初衷 1 大量使用長(zhǎng)而復(fù)雜的句子是科技文章的一大特點(diǎn) 漢語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句與英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句在結(jié)構(gòu)上不同 漢語(yǔ)句子 結(jié)構(gòu)比較松散 主句與從句之間缺乏應(yīng)有的連結(jié) 但意義的連貫 起 承 轉(zhuǎn) 合一般都隱含在字里 行間 而英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)旬的脈絡(luò)比較清楚 很容易從形式上加以判斷 因此 翻譯長(zhǎng)句的基本要點(diǎn)是如何組 織句子 翻譯時(shí)要避免翻譯為英語(yǔ)的流水句和復(fù)雜句 如 pure science is primarily concemed with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe 譯文 理論科學(xué)的主要任務(wù)是發(fā)展理論 建立宇宙間各種現(xiàn)象之間的關(guān)系 分析 這里把英語(yǔ)名詞 development 和 establishment 轉(zhuǎn)換成漢語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 發(fā)展 和 建立 雙語(yǔ)的靈活轉(zhuǎn) 換增強(qiáng)了譯文的準(zhǔn)確性和流暢度 2 科技文章中 非人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ) 人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ)使用的動(dòng)詞謂語(yǔ) 的現(xiàn)象由客觀性決定 所以翻譯時(shí)少用人稱(chēng)主 語(yǔ) 而多用非人稱(chēng)主語(yǔ) 3 為使科技翻譯避免表達(dá)臃腫 句意不清 應(yīng)該在充分 正確理解原文的基礎(chǔ)上 努力使譯文做到 言簡(jiǎn)意賅 如 in my personal opinion we must listen to and think overin a punctilious manner each and every suggestion that is offer to us 這樣的譯文應(yīng)改寫(xiě)為 we must consider each suggestion carefully 分析 listen to and think over 和 in a punctilious manner 可以分別概括為簡(jiǎn)單的詞避免冗長(zhǎng) listen to and think over 和 eachand every 同義詞可以并列 every suggestionthatis offerto us 中 offer 隱含給別人的 suggestion 可以替換 三 語(yǔ)法 如果在語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu) 句型方面不了解中文和英文兩種語(yǔ)言表達(dá)上的差異 會(huì)造成譯文的錯(cuò)誤 掌握數(shù) 量 時(shí)態(tài) 照應(yīng)和句子成分等基本的語(yǔ)法 利于對(duì)原文作出正確的理解 從而提高譯文的質(zhì)量 科技 翻譯的語(yǔ)法特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)在 使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)及名詞化結(jié)構(gòu) 在對(duì)原理 規(guī)律 性質(zhì) 特征 科 學(xué)結(jié)論 調(diào)查結(jié)果和試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)等客觀真理和科學(xué)事實(shí)的描述時(shí) 需要采用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 翻譯中要根據(jù) 具體情況選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)態(tài) 體現(xiàn)科技文獻(xiàn)的客觀性 使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 為避免采用第一 二人稱(chēng)或施事 者為主語(yǔ)而造成的主觀臆斷 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在科技文獻(xiàn)中大量使用也使句子意思表達(dá)清晰 結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)潔 客 觀性強(qiáng) 如 必須注意這臺(tái)機(jī)器的功能 可以譯為被動(dòng)句 attention must be paid to the function of the machine 采用名詞化結(jié)構(gòu)減少主觀色彩 用名詞作為語(yǔ)句的表述主體可以有助于科技英語(yǔ)描述客觀世 界 客觀地表達(dá)技術(shù) 學(xué)術(shù) 專(zhuān)業(yè)的內(nèi)容 體現(xiàn)研究者或表達(dá)者的客觀態(tài)度 一般名詞作主語(yǔ)被名詞 化結(jié)構(gòu)代替 可改變句型和動(dòng)作行為的表達(dá)方式 由表示動(dòng)作變?yōu)楸硎緺顟B(tài) 特征或事實(shí) 因而增加 表述的客觀性 如 this experience removed any magnetism there was in london 中的 magnetism 就要比 london was less magnetic 中的形容詞 magnetic 更精準(zhǔn) 四 語(yǔ)篇 語(yǔ)篇 從語(yǔ)言建構(gòu)功能來(lái)看 是不能分割 具有相對(duì)獨(dú)立性且能夠單獨(dú)處理的連貫語(yǔ)言片斷 翻譯 實(shí)踐也證明 那種字對(duì)字 旬對(duì)句的觀念束縛了譯者的大局觀 致使譯文組織松散 表達(dá)不力 削弱 了譯文的可讀性 給譯文留下許多遺憾 如加拿大翻譯理論家 delisle 1988 10 曾說(shuō) 翻譯的過(guò)程充滿了艱辛 因?yàn)樵闹幸呀?jīng)明示的內(nèi)容以及 只是隱含的內(nèi)容都必須在目標(biāo)語(yǔ)中再現(xiàn) 每個(gè)概念段都有一個(gè)核心以及與之相應(yīng)的附屬成分 核心與 附屬成分邏輯關(guān)系明確 科技文體的邏輯性 信息性很強(qiáng) 較有規(guī)律性 歸納出其中規(guī)律 對(duì)這種邏 輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行突出 避免信息傳遞時(shí)附屬信息對(duì)核心信息的干擾 以提高了譯文的可讀性 有助于讀者 更好地把握作者欲言 五 修辭 一般我們習(xí)慣于將修辭與文學(xué)聯(lián)系在一起 認(rèn)為修辭是傳遞美學(xué)信息的 但是科技寫(xiě)作和翻譯與修 辭的手法是有聯(lián)系的 修辭從本質(zhì)上說(shuō)是抽象的思維物質(zhì)符號(hào)化的一種外在直觀的表達(dá)形式 而借助 語(yǔ)符和修辭手法可以將人們有關(guān)科學(xué)的思維物質(zhì)符號(hào)化 恰當(dāng)?shù)奈捏w和修辭手法會(huì)使科學(xué)的思維和理 念展現(xiàn)得準(zhǔn)確 簡(jiǎn)潔有效 科技論文寫(xiě)作和翻譯的修辭是以符合科技論文的要求 以某種程度上有別于文學(xué)作品的修辭形式把 科學(xué)的思維和理念組織 表述和展示出來(lái) 使科學(xué)的邏輯思維用與之相配的修辭形式 清晰簡(jiǎn)潔地在 譯文中得以重現(xiàn) 科技文的翻譯研究范圍內(nèi)的修辭是在內(nèi)容上和表達(dá)上偏重于煉字鍛句 明確流暢 在形式和結(jié)構(gòu)上偏重于平勻縝密 嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)妥貼 它以在傳遞科技信息方面以有效地發(fā)揮語(yǔ)言的交際功能 為要旨 有別于文學(xué)體裁中一般概念的美學(xué)修辭 科技文章大多用概念 判斷 推理等方法說(shuō)明需要 解決的問(wèn)題具有極強(qiáng)的邏輯性 六 科技翻譯原文涉及的各個(gè)學(xué)科領(lǐng)域 翻譯人員通常被稱(chēng)作是 萬(wàn)金油 特別是科技人員 他們的專(zhuān)業(yè)是無(wú)法固定的 說(shuō)不定遇到什么課題 和談話內(nèi)容 所以說(shuō)翻譯人員的知識(shí)面越寬 就越有助于發(fā)展 眾所周知 嚴(yán)復(fù)提出的 信 達(dá) 雅 的 翻譯標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 但就科技翻譯而言 最重要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就是準(zhǔn)確 客觀 規(guī)范 簡(jiǎn)練地表達(dá)原文 科技翻譯中 一般強(qiáng)調(diào) 信 的重要性 指的就是科技翻譯工作者加強(qiáng)專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)科的學(xué)習(xí)以及親身深入科技實(shí)踐 使科技 翻譯做到準(zhǔn) 缺乏文化背景知識(shí) 就會(huì)引起知識(shí)運(yùn)用面狹窄 譯文可接受性差 所以 專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)是影響科技翻譯 的重要因素 多數(shù)科技翻譯工作者為高校的外語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)生 對(duì)科技的翻譯專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)生疏 因此 應(yīng) 該盡可能地加入企業(yè)和單位生產(chǎn)和科技實(shí)踐 接受潛移默化的技術(shù)熏陶 以熟悉每一道工序 流程 技術(shù)難點(diǎn) 專(zhuān)業(yè)行話等等 實(shí)際情況不允許他花上一兩年時(shí)間去熟悉資料背景的情況下 也可以找?guī)?本性質(zhì)類(lèi)似的資料 盡可能地了解有關(guān)技術(shù)內(nèi)容與文體特點(diǎn) 查閱專(zhuān)業(yè)工具書(shū)和用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)對(duì)信息進(jìn)行 分類(lèi)檢索義 向?qū)＜一蜃髡哒?qǐng)教等 走上工作崗位以后 則可能涉及到機(jī)械 化工 外貿(mào)等多專(zhuān)業(yè)知 識(shí)領(lǐng)域 要求我們不僅要有扎實(shí)的外語(yǔ)及本族語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言功底 不斷擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面 并且盡可能多地掌握各 科技領(lǐng)域?qū)I(yè)詞匯及縮略語(yǔ)等 七 結(jié)語(yǔ) 翻譯界常聞的譯事三難 具體到科技英語(yǔ)漢譯就是 英語(yǔ)理解難 漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)難 專(zhuān)業(yè)知識(shí)能力要求 高 本文對(duì)科技翻譯中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)特點(diǎn)的一般性討論 有助于翻譯實(shí)踐之前正確地定位自己 使自己進(jìn) 入角色 在實(shí)踐中改善和提高 The translation of scientific English translation skills and methods of knowledge in science and technology translation in English translation skills and methods of the knowledge On the characteristics of English knowledge in science and technology translation Abstract with the development of the national economy and national defense construction technical translation plays an increasingly important role in scientific research experiment design processing information technology and scientific management so improve the ability of translation is necessary In this paper from the perspective of translation study English knowledge in science and technology translation Keywords translation of scientific English translation skills and methods Since the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty s translation of science and technology the demand for the translation of science and technology is more and more big The information explosion era both teaching and communication of science and Technology University or the social economic and technological innovation and economic development all cannot do without science and technology translation Methods of translation style standard and style are keeping pace with the times But the knowledge of English translation of science and technology is invariant features A translator if his language is not up to his native level 60 70 it is difficult to do the translation work A scientific article actually only a small amount of their specific things mostly background and terminology are similar The real start when translators will find not so difficult to imagine A liberal arts background of translators if not engaged in engineering technology and other translation work not because of liberal arts professional restrictions but its lack of skill Have solid knowledge of English is a decisive factor in influencing the translation of science and technology Translation covers almost all science and engineering disciplines the common professional and industry but also is a kind of cross culture and regional exchange activities These characteristics determine the translator must have high level of English knowledge and skills to improve the ability of bilingual contrastive knowledge and application of knowledge structure and to further expand the scope of more and thinking transformation strain capacity So to improve the level of science and technology translation must understand the English knowledge in science and technology translation and strive to improve their level of science and technology in translation practice One the English Vocabulary Translation of scientific English vocabulary should pay attention to vocabulary and terminology of these two aspects Vocabulary take the words too literally can lead to grasp the word accuracy and high rate of wrong words Science and technology works different professional terminology is different can not arbitrarily change so technology translators in addition to master basic skills of source language and target language technical terms should also be familiar with the translation of the professional field use as far as possible in the translation of these terms especially for some conceptual vocabulary For example in the same piece of technology in the translation terminology terminology to unification in principle must also terms stipulated by the National Natural Science Publishers dictionary or other relevant government departments to standardize the For the translation of words there are three factors First of all many scientific vocabulary by means of word formation semantic context the meaning of study cannot do without or so understand English word formation for us to understand scientific meaning and translation of technical terms is helpful In addition the surrounding words and the sentences and paragraphs of the meaning of a word the exact meaning of the word is usually obtained from the semantic context semantic context in the sentence context or paragraph Such as the original Science and technological advances are enabling us comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos translated as scientific and technological advances are enabling us to comprehend the furthest reaches of the cosmos Here reach should not be willing to reach according to the context meaning border Once again the emergence of a large number of new achievements in science and technology leads to the generation of a large number of science and technology of new words In a word it is necessary to consult a professional or related tools Two make sentences A technical articles also pay attention to literary grace this literary grace is reflected in long logic expression and description of objective particulars This is accurate the indispensable means to regulate feelings and timely and effective translation A good grasp of the sentence will not only save the reader time dismantling sentences see the text but also make their technical content to devote oneself heart and soul to read text quickly enter the reading situation Conversely if the translation is to let readers try to check the original translation is against our original intention of science and technology literature translation 1 use a lot of long and complex sentences is a major characteristic of scientific articles Chinese English and English long sentences differ in structure the Chinese sentence structure is loose a lack of connection between the main clause and the clause but the significance of coherence play bearing rotating and generally implied in between the lines while the English long context clear easily from the form to be judged Therefore the basic point is how to organize the sentence translation of long sentences translation should be avoided for the English translation of flowing water sentence and complex sentence Such as pure science is primarily concemed with the development of theories and the establishment of the relations between the phenomena of the universe Translation the main task of scientific theory is the development theory establishes the relationship between the universe phenomena Analysis the English noun development and establishment into the establishment of Chinese verb development and Flexible conversion bilingual and enhance the accuracy and fluency of translation 2 scientific articles impersonal subject person subject using the verb predicate phenomenon from objective decision so the translation is less personal subject and more impersonal accustomed to rhetoric is in connection with literature that rhetoric is conveying aesthetic information But the scientific writing and translation and rhetoric techniques are linked Rhetoric is essentially a form of external expression of thinking matter abstract symbols of intuitive and with the help of language symbols and rhetoric can connect people thinking about science of material symbols Proper style and rhetoric makes scientific thinking and ideas show was accurate simple and effective Technical writing and translation of rhetoric is to meet the requirements of scientific papers to a certain degree has rhetorical form different from literary works of the scientific thinking and idea of organization representation and display make the scientific logical thinking with the rhetoric form with the match clarity and simplicity in translation to reproduce EST translation study within the scope of rhetoric is in the content and expression of emphasis on diction forging sentence clear and smooth in the form and structure of emphasis on homogeneous careful rigorous It takes in the transfer of scientific and technological information in order to effectively play the function of language communication as the essence of aesthetic rhetoric there is different from the general concept of literature Scientific articles mostly use concept judgment reasoning that need to solve the problem is very logical Six the science and technology translation involves all fields The translator is often called a one size fits all especially in scientific and technical personnel their professional is not fixed perhaps meet what topics and conversation So knowledge of translators is wider more conducive to the development of As everyone knows Yan Fu s letter and elegance the criteria of translation but the translation of science and technology the most important standard is accurate objective standard concise expression of the original In EST translation emphasizes the importance of general letter refers to the translation of science and technology workers to strengthen the professional disciplines of learning and personal in depth practice of science and technology the science and technology translation standard The lack of cultural background knowledge will cause the knowledge narrow acceptability is poor so professional knowledge is an important factor to influence the translation of science and technology Most technical translators for College English major graduates o