高考英語(yǔ)第一階段復(fù)習(xí).doc

高考第一階段復(fù)習(xí)的指 導(dǎo) 思 想 及 具 體 內(nèi) 容第一部分：對(duì)高考復(fù)習(xí)總體安排的思考一.對(duì)高考試題的總體認(rèn)識(shí)1.同舊教學(xué)大綱相比較，新課標(biāo)的變化和發(fā)展。2.從各地高考試題的變化看新課標(biāo)、課改和高考改革之間的關(guān)系。3.高考命題的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)。二.學(xué)生英語(yǔ)能力構(gòu)成因素的分析1.詞匯能力的問(wèn)題2.靈活運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的能力。 And there is a growing need for new writers trained to create the $3billion worth of childrens books bought each yearplus stories and articles needed by over 650 publishers of magazines for children and teenagers. (2009年北京卷，閱讀理解B篇） Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rulesplanning your next move.acting as a team memberthese are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life. Think about some of the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating . Many childrens games have a practical side. Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones, which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（協(xié)調(diào)）needed in hunting. Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play itsome for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccer balls but also a promising future. Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life. 3. 邏輯思維的水平。 4. 應(yīng)對(duì)高考題型的能力三.高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)的總體安排1.第一階段的復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)和任務(wù)。 第一階段復(fù)習(xí)的目標(biāo)十分明確：抓實(shí)詞匯和基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法兩大基本功，為下一階段成績(jī)的騰飛夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí)兼顧聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。 第一階段的任務(wù)如下： 1）利用一切機(jī)會(huì)解決詞匯的問(wèn)題。 2）抓好基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法的復(fù)習(xí) 3）每周用適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間兼顧聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練。2.第二階段的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)題型復(fù)習(xí) 1）將第一階段的復(fù)習(xí)成果應(yīng)用到各種題型中去，使之得到鞏固。 2）讓學(xué)生全面了解高考各個(gè)題型的特點(diǎn)、意圖、要求及解題的思路和技巧。 3）提高學(xué)生的解題速度和正確率。3.第三階段的目標(biāo)和任務(wù)。 1）高考全模擬式的綜合訓(xùn)練，以解決考試時(shí)間、考試心理、答題策略等一系列問(wèn)題，全面提高學(xué)生的應(yīng)考能力。 2）查漏補(bǔ)缺，徹底解決前兩個(gè)階段暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題。第二部分：關(guān)于詞匯復(fù)習(xí)的有關(guān)問(wèn)題一.對(duì)詞匯問(wèn)題的基本認(rèn)識(shí)。二.新課標(biāo)增加詞匯量帶來(lái)的困難及其對(duì)策 1.詞匯問(wèn)題在高考試題中的應(yīng)用 1）各地的單選試題中，考查各類(lèi)實(shí)詞和短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析的試題已成為近年的趨勢(shì)。 The workers_ the glasses and marked on each box “This Side Up”. A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed (2010年全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷）2）完形填空通篇都是考查詞匯問(wèn)題。 3）閱讀理解試題更是以詞匯為基礎(chǔ)。 Have you winterized your horse yet? Even though global warming may have made our climate more mild, many animals are still hibernating(冬眠). Its too bad that humans cant hibernate. In fact, as a species, we almost did. Apparently, at times in the past, peasants in France liked a semi-state of human hibernation. So writes Graham Robb, a British scholar who has studied the sleeping habits of the French peasants. As soon as the weather turned cold people all over France shut themselves away and practiced the forgotten art of doing nothing at all for months on end. In line with this, Jeff Warren, a producer at CBC Radios The Current, tells us that the way we sleep has changed fundamentally since the invention of artificial(人造的) lighting and the electric bulb. When historians began studying texts of the Middle Ages, they noticed something referred to as “first sleep”, which was not clarified, though. Now scientists are telling us our ancestors most likely slept in separate periods. The business of eight hours uninterrupted sleep is a modern invention. In the past, without the artificial light of the city to bathe in, humans went to sleep when it became dark and then woke themselves around midnight. The late night period was known as “The Watch” It was when people actually kept watch against wild animals, although many of them simply moved around or visited family and neighbors. According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠) at midnight is not a disorder. It is normal. Humans can experience another state of consciousness around their sleeping, which occurs in the brief period before we fall asleep or wake ourselves in the morning. This period can be an extraordinarily creative time for some people. The impressive inventor, Thomas Edison, used this state to hit upon many of his new ideas. Playing with your sleep rhythms can be adventurous, as anxiety may set in. Medical science doesnt help much in this case. It offers us medicines for a full nights continuous sleep, which sounds natural; however, according to Warrens theory，it is really the opposite of what we need. （2010年湖北卷，閱讀理解E 篇）2. 新課標(biāo)所增加的詞匯給教學(xué)帶來(lái)的困難。3.解決詞匯問(wèn)題的策略三.“一詞多義”在高考試題中的應(yīng)用及其對(duì)策。高考試題舉例：?jiǎn)芜x試題中的一詞多義問(wèn)題：The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only _ beaten. A. nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly （2007年天津卷單選試題）完形填空中的“一詞多義”：1）I remember how happy I was when I saw the tray stand near the table. （2008 海南、寧夏、全國(guó)卷 完形填空）2）In secret, she practiced Portias part, memorizing the lines by repeating them over and over.3）Tempers of both the tourists and the waiters had risen to meet the situation, making it a rather quarrelsome environment.（2006海南、寧夏、全國(guó)II 完形填空）4）I left Fredas house that day, wondering about the nature of my relationship with my clients. （2006遼寧卷 完形填空）5）Several days later I received another postcard, this one delivering about Mabels cousin. （ 2006年全國(guó)卷II, 完形填空）閱讀理解中的“一詞多義”： 1）But Wilkins and Franklins relationship was a lot rockier than the celebrated teamwork of Watson and Crick.（2009 浙江卷， 閱讀理解B） 2）Most governments and many organizations will not process written complaints if they do not bear the writers signature. The absence of a signature tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.（2009年江西卷，閱讀理解D篇）2. 適時(shí)歸納常見(jiàn)的“一詞多義”的范例： 騰出、讓出 動(dòng)詞 剩余 spare 多余的 形容詞 業(yè)余的 備用的興趣 interest 名勝 利益、利息 遇見(jiàn)、遇到 （迎）接 meet 應(yīng)付、對(duì)付 滿(mǎn)足四. 構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)在高考試題中的應(yīng)用及其對(duì)策1.高考試題中構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)的應(yīng)用： 1）According to some sleep researchers, a short period of insomnia(失眠）at midnight is not a disorder. (2010湖北卷，閱讀理解E篇） 2）He has to find his own voice by reading widely and discovering which parts of the writer he agrees or disagrees with, or agrees so strongly that it reshapes his own world. (2010年四川卷。閱讀理解A篇） 3）Nowadays, the socialization of the child in the United States is a two-way transaction(事務(wù)）between parent and child rather than a one-way. (2008年福建卷， 完形填空）4）People like parrots, always treating them as nothing more than pets or valuable “collectables” (2009 湖北卷，閱讀理解B)5）It is possible that one good thing to arise from downturn will be a generation thats financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty. (2009山東卷，閱讀理解D)2.在教學(xué)中擇機(jī)歸納構(gòu)詞法知識(shí) 1）socialization, modernization, globalization 2) independence, existence, independent, existent 3) international, interpersonal, internet, intercity, interstate 4) encourage, endanger, enlarge, ensure 5) socialist, specialist, biologist, violinist 6) container, recorder, washer, vacuum cleaner五. 介詞在高考試題中的應(yīng)用及其對(duì)策。1.介詞在高考試題中的應(yīng)用高考試題中的介詞 against：1）Against the flow of the new words, many Japanese are turning back to the study of their own language. (2003全國(guó)高考試題 .閱讀理解D)2) She rested herself against a post close to the track.(2009.寧夏、海南、全國(guó)卷I; 閱讀理解D)高考試題中的介詞 over1) An unusual story of human effect over the centuries, Fermats Last Theorem will delight specialists and readers alike（2003高考試題； 閱讀理解C篇）2）Weeks passed and the excitement over the coming Christmas grew into restlessness until the last day of school before the holiday break. (2009年山東卷；完形填空）3）We kicked over a log and the fish just came crowding out.(2009年全國(guó)卷II; 完形填空）4）Further studies of the fish may tell how animals changed over time. (2009寧夏、海南、全國(guó)卷I; 閱讀理解C篇)高考試題中的其他介詞 ：1）During the trip, you can rest on the deck, enjoying yourself in the games rooms and in evening dance to our musical team. (2009年寧夏、海南、全國(guó)卷II; 閱讀理解D篇)2）He had realized that the word: “One of six to eight” under the first picture in the book connected the hare in some way to Katherine Aragon, the first Henry VIIIs six wives. (2003全國(guó)高考試題 ；閱讀理解D)3）The next day Jenna went to see Mrs. Biden about being on the school newspaper. (2008年天津卷， 完形填空）4）Upon its ringing everyone would run for their coats and go home. (2009年山東卷； 完形填空）2.擇機(jī)歸納常用介詞的用法 和一起 用 with 伴隨，隨著 帶有、具有 因?yàn)楸硎灸康臑榱?表示原因因?yàn)?贊成、同意 for 對(duì).來(lái)說(shuō) 表示動(dòng)作持續(xù)的時(shí)間 交換 表示不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)在上（接觸） 確指某一天 表示露天的地點(diǎn) on 關(guān)于 是 的成員 靠、憑借 在 中（動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在進(jìn)行中）反對(duì) 對(duì)抗、抵抗 against 倚著，靠著 對(duì)照、對(duì)比 碰著、撞著（strike her head against the wall)第三部分：語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)思想及具體內(nèi)容一.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的指導(dǎo)思想和原則。 1.充分認(rèn)識(shí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)教學(xué)和復(fù)習(xí)的意義。 2.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)不是平時(shí)教學(xué)內(nèi)容的簡(jiǎn)單重復(fù)，復(fù)習(xí)的任務(wù)是把平時(shí)所學(xué)的知識(shí)條理化、系統(tǒng)化，并以高考的難度為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)耐貙捄图由睿箤W(xué)生對(duì)這些知識(shí)的認(rèn)識(shí)得到升華。只有這樣，學(xué)生才能在語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐中自覺(jué)地將所學(xué)的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化成能力。3. 從復(fù)習(xí)的效率出發(fā)，語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)以演繹的方法為主，而以歸納的方法為輔。 4.要重視語(yǔ)法概念的樹(shù)立。 5.要注意提供給學(xué)生的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)體系的合理性。 （易于理解、化難為易、力戒繁瑣） 6.要有意識(shí)地把語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)同考點(diǎn)掛鉤，有意識(shí)地重點(diǎn)抓好語(yǔ)篇中應(yīng)用頻率較高的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容。 二.語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)的具體內(nèi)容及教學(xué)示范1.句子成分的復(fù)習(xí)： 1）句子的基本成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ) 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)：賓語(yǔ)概念的樹(shù)立：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或內(nèi)容。 復(fù)習(xí)句子基本成分的實(shí)際意義： 語(yǔ)態(tài)概念的樹(shù)立和理解語(yǔ)態(tài)是表達(dá)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)相互關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。2）句子的修飾成分 定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ) 復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)： 概念的樹(shù)立 定語(yǔ)的位置：?jiǎn)为?dú)一個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)，置于其所修飾的名詞之前，位置和漢語(yǔ)相同；用各類(lèi)短語(yǔ)和從句作定語(yǔ)，置于其所修飾的名詞之后，位置同漢語(yǔ)相反。 a boy with thick glasses (介詞短語(yǔ)） a soldier riding on a horse （現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)） a river polluted badly （過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)） a meeting to attend （不定式短語(yǔ)） a basket full of vegetables （形容詞短語(yǔ)）狀語(yǔ)的種類(lèi)： 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 原因狀語(yǔ) 條件狀語(yǔ) 方式狀語(yǔ) 程度狀語(yǔ) 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ) 目的狀語(yǔ) 讓步狀語(yǔ)3)不同于漢語(yǔ)的句子成分標(biāo)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 基本概念的樹(shù)立 表語(yǔ)的作用及其同賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別；對(duì)主語(yǔ)的描述或說(shuō)明。表語(yǔ)同句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)生語(yǔ)言邏輯關(guān)系。 系動(dòng)詞的種類(lèi)賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系： 賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間具有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系或主表關(guān)系。 make our country rich and strong ask him to turn off the light 同漢語(yǔ)比較： 老師讓 他 關(guān)燈 對(duì)賓補(bǔ)的識(shí)別a) make, have, let do sb. doing see, hear, notice, watch doneb) ask, tell, want, allow sb. to do order, forcec) think, find sb. / sth. adj.2.定語(yǔ)從句及名詞性從句的復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)1）定語(yǔ)從句的教學(xué)重點(diǎn)。 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的語(yǔ)法作用：代表先行詞的意思。 在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)句子成分。2）在高考試題中定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)關(guān)系代詞which和that的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別課堂經(jīng)典練習(xí)(關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別）練習(xí)一：1) We will never forget the days _ we spent together.2) We will never forget the days _ we played football together.練習(xí)二：1) Do you still remember the place _ you father used to live.2) Do you still remember the place _ we visited last years.練習(xí)三：1) I dont believe the reason _ he was late.2) I dont believe the reason _ he gave us.where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別Youd better not leave the medicine _kids can get at it. (2008年， 山東卷） A. even if B. which C. where （地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句） D. so that that引起的同位語(yǔ)從句同定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別News came from the school office _ Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University. A. which B. that (同位語(yǔ)從句） C. as D. where as 引起的定語(yǔ)從句_ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting. A. When B. After C. As D. Since (2005.浙江卷）定語(yǔ)從句同what引起的名詞性從句的區(qū)別_ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. (2008.福建卷） A. It B. What C. As D. Which _was most important to her, she told me, was her family. (2008年，山東卷） A. It B. This C. What D. As定語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的區(qū)別It was along the Mississippi River _ Mark Twain spent much of his childhood. A. how B. which C. that D. where (2008年 天津卷）It was in New Zealand _ Elizabeth first met Mr. Smith. (2008年 全國(guó)卷II) A. that B. how C. which D. when3.時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題1）關(guān)于時(shí)態(tài)的專(zhuān)題：有關(guān)進(jìn)行時(shí)的問(wèn)題 a)進(jìn)行時(shí)的兩種不同的概念及應(yīng)用 b)用進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式表示將來(lái)的概念 c)進(jìn)行時(shí)同always連用一般過(guò)去時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)的區(qū)別-Do you know our town at all?-No, this is the first time I_ here. A. was B. am going C. came D. have been-You can find the answer to this physics problem on Page 88.-Oh, it is so simple that I wonder why I _ of that. A. didnt think B. havent thought C. hadnt thought D. dont thinkHis eye shone brightly when he finally received the magazine he _. A. had long been expected B. had long expected C. has long expected D. was long expected將來(lái)時(shí)的多種動(dòng)詞形式 a) will (shall) + 動(dòng)詞原形 b) be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形 c) be (about) to + 動(dòng)詞原形 d) will be doing e) 用進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞形式表示將來(lái)的概念。注意近年高考試題對(duì)will be doing的考查-Guess what, weve got our visas for a short visit to the UK this summer- How nice! You _ a different culture then. (2010福建） A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experienced D. will have experiencedDaniels family _ their holiday in Huangshan this time next week. (2009.安徽） A. are enjoying （延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞） B. are to enjoy（立即、命令） C. will enjoy（主觀(guān)意愿） D. will be enjoying （純粹將來(lái)） 完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的有關(guān)問(wèn)題。When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _there. A. had been lying B. has been lying C. was lying D. has lain （2011全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷） Tom_ in the library every night over the last three months. (2011. 北京卷） A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been workinga)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)同段時(shí)間的進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然兩種時(shí)態(tài)漢語(yǔ)都可以譯為“一直”，但完成進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“動(dòng)作的持續(xù)”；表示段時(shí)間的進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是“一直干此事，沒(méi)干別的”。We _ on this project for four hours. Lets have a rest. A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked 因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“for four hours”，因此沒(méi)有可能考慮選項(xiàng)A。命題思路完全和上例2011年全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷相同。b) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)也可以表示“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且可能繼續(xù)下去”的概念： I have lived in Beijing since I graduated from the university. He has worked in this school for 30 years. 但這種用法只限于live, work, study 等極少數(shù)典型的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞都必須用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)這類(lèi)概念。另外，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)“過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的效果或影響”。 下列試題意在考查這兩個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：-Why Jack, you look so tired!-Well, I _ the house and I must finish the work tomorrow. （2010年 江蘇卷） A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting 語(yǔ)態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí)： a)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念及確定被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本思路看主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系： b) 不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)詞形式 c) “先語(yǔ)態(tài)，后時(shí)態(tài)”的答題原則4.動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式之一分詞 1）知識(shí)體系 非謂語(yǔ)概念的樹(shù)立 時(shí)態(tài) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 語(yǔ)態(tài) 語(yǔ)氣 主謂一致 動(dòng)詞 不定式 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 分詞 動(dòng)名詞2）分詞的語(yǔ)法功能：相當(dāng)于形容詞或副詞的語(yǔ)法作用，在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。3）教學(xué)重點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在分詞同過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別主動(dòng)關(guān)系現(xiàn)在分詞 被動(dòng)關(guān)系過(guò)去分詞 a) 作定語(yǔ)：看分詞同他所修飾的名詞之間的關(guān)系。 b) 作賓補(bǔ)：看分詞同賓語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系 C) 作狀語(yǔ)：看分詞同句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系作表語(yǔ)時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞的辨別 a)現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)的特征；過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。 The news is encouraging. The door remained locked. b) 如果表語(yǔ)是surprise, excite, frighten, interest 一類(lèi)詞，簡(jiǎn)單的辦法是看主語(yǔ)： 主語(yǔ)是 “人”過(guò)去分詞 主語(yǔ)是“事、物”現(xiàn)在分詞4)有關(guān)分詞的高考試題分析分詞作非限定性定語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題More highways have been built in China, _ it much easy for pe