2012高二英語(yǔ)暑假作業(yè) 語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧2

用心 愛心 專心1 高二英語(yǔ)暑假作業(yè)高二英語(yǔ)暑假作業(yè) 高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)回顧 2 2 形容詞的順序 系動(dòng)詞 be grow get become feel appear prove seem look keep smell taste sound turn re main 限定詞 數(shù)量形容詞 序數(shù)詞在前 基數(shù)詞在后 性狀形容詞 大小 長(zhǎng)短 高低等形體 新舊 顏色 國(guó)籍 材料 Those three beautiful large square old brown wood table 某些以 a 開首的形容詞例如 afraid alike alone asleep awake alive 等只能作表語(yǔ) 不能作定語(yǔ) 某些以 ly 結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞 friendly lively lovely lonely likely deadly silly orderly timely 等 1 close 接近地 closely 仔細(xì)地 密切地 2 free 免費(fèi)地 freely自由地 無拘束地 3 hard努力地 hardly幾乎不 4 late 晚 遲 lately 近來 5 most 極 非常 mostly主要地 6 wide廣闊地 充分地 widely廣泛地 7 high高 highly高度地 非常地 8 deep深 遲 deeply抽象意義的 深 9 loud大聲地 loudly大聲地 含有喧鬧的意思 10 near 鄰近 nearly幾乎 bad ill badly worse worst little less least 表示一方不及另一方時(shí) 用 less 原級(jí) than 的結(jié)構(gòu)表示 This room is less beautiful than that one 表示一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時(shí) 可在比較級(jí)前加表示程度的狀語(yǔ) 如 even a lot a bit a little still much far yet by far 等修飾 He works even harder than before 注意 by far 通常用于強(qiáng)調(diào)最高級(jí) 用于比較級(jí)時(shí) 一般放在比較級(jí)的后面 如放在前面 應(yīng)在二者中間 加 the He is taller by far than his brother He is by far the taller of the two brothers 某些以 or 結(jié)尾的形容詞進(jìn)行比較時(shí) 用 to 代替 than superior junior senior 等 He is superior to Mr Wang in mathematics 在比較從句中為了避免重復(fù)通常用 that those one ones 代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞 that 指物 one 既可 指人 也可指物 that 可代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞 而 one 只能代替可數(shù)名詞 例如 The book on the table is more interesting than that on the desk A box made of iron is stronger than one made of wood 表示倍數(shù)的比較級(jí)有如下幾種句型 A is three four etc times the size height length width etc of B The new building is four times the size the height of the old one 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大 四倍高 高三倍 A is three four etc times as big high long wide etc as B Asia is four times as large as Europe 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大 用心 愛心 專心2 A is three four etc times bigger higher longer wider than B 例如 Your school is three times bigger than ours 你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍 表示兩倍可以用 twice 或 double 表示 最高程度 的形容詞 如 excellent extreme perfect 等 沒有最高級(jí) 也不能用比較級(jí) 如果復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有 many few 不可數(shù)名詞前有 much little 等表示量的形容詞時(shí) 該用 so 而不用 such 如 I ve had so many falls that I m black and blue all over Mr White got so little money a month that he could hardly keep body and soul together 但 little 不表示數(shù)量而表示 小 的意思時(shí) 仍用 such 如 They are such little children that the they cannot clean the house by themselves 6 almost 與 nearly 在 very pretty not 后用 nearly 不用 almost 例如 I m not nearly ready 在 any no none never 前用 almost 不用 nearly 例如 I almost never see her need 表示 需要 或 必須 作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí) 僅用于否定句或疑問句中 在肯定句中一般用 must have to ought to 或 sh ould 代替 例如 You needn t come so early Need I finish the work today Yes you must 注意 needn t have done 表示本來不必做某事而實(shí)際上做了某事 例如 You needn t have waited for me should have done 表示應(yīng)該做到而實(shí)際上沒有做到 You should have started earlier ought to have done 表示過去應(yīng)做某事而實(shí)際未做 You ought to have helped him but you didn t 書報(bào)的標(biāo)題 小說等情節(jié)介紹常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示感覺 愿望和狀態(tài)的某些動(dòng)詞如 have be hear see like 等詞一般不用進(jìn)行時(shí) 有些動(dòng)詞形式上是主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) 但表示被動(dòng)的意思 常見的有可和 well easily 等副詞連用的不及物動(dòng)詞 sell wash write read clean cook 等 例如 The cloth washes well 這布很禁洗 The new product sells well 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷 The pen writes well 這支筆很好寫 在動(dòng)詞 arrange command demand desire insist order propose request require suggest 等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中用 should 動(dòng)詞原形 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 例如 We suggested that we should have a meeting We insisted that they should go with us The doctor ordered that she should stay in bed for a few days He demanded that we should start right away 作 advice idea order demand plan proposal suggestion request 等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ) 從句 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu) should 動(dòng)詞原形 例如 We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Beijing for sightseeing My idea is that we should do exercises first 在 feel hear notice observe see watch have let make 等詞后的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)中 不定式不帶 to 但是這些句子如果變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí) 就必須帶 to 例如 I often hear him sing the song He is often heard to sing the song 用心 愛心 專心3 注意 不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞 but except besides 后面時(shí) 如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞 do 的各種形式 那么 這些介詞后的不定式不帶 to 否則要帶 to 如 She could do nothing but cry What do you like to do besides swim I have no choice but to go 作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞 或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn) 工具等 不定 式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞 例如 He is looking for a room to live in There is nothing to worry about Please give me a knife to cut with There It is no use good not any use good useless doing sth 動(dòng)詞后可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ) 但不能用不定式 admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape excuse feel like finish forgive give up imagine include keep mention mind miss practise put off resist risk suggest can t help can t stand 無法忍受 等 I tried not to go there 我設(shè)法不去那里 I tried doing it again 我試著又干了一次 mean to do 有意 mean doing 意味著 I mean to come early today 我打算今天早些來 Missing the train means waiting for another hour 誤了這趟火車意味著再等一個(gè)小時(shí) allow advise forbid permit We don t allow smoking here We don t allow students to smoke 動(dòng)詞 need require want 作 需要 解 其后跟動(dòng)詞作它的賓語(yǔ)時(shí) 若表示的含義是被動(dòng)的 必須用動(dòng)名 詞 或不定式的被動(dòng)式 例如 The window needs requires wants cleaning to be cleaned 在短語(yǔ) devote to look forward to pay attention to stick to be used to object to thank you for excuse me for 等后的動(dòng)詞也必須用動(dòng)名詞形式 I look forward to hearing from you soon Badly polluted the water cannot be drunk 原因 Being written in haste the composition is full of mistakes 原因 強(qiáng)調(diào)寫的過程 故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞一般被動(dòng)式 Having been deserted by his guide he couldn t find his way through the jungle 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)已完成的動(dòng)作 Asked to stay I couldn t very well refuse 這里 asked 可能意味著 having been asked 也可能意味著 when since I was asked 但用了 having been asked 就不會(huì)有歧義 下面句中過去分詞表示的時(shí)間與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間相同 所以不能代之以強(qiáng)調(diào)先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞完成被動(dòng)式 例如 Covered with confusion I left the room 我很窘地離開了房間 United we stand divided we fall 團(tuán)結(jié)則存 分裂則亡 He used to live in London use d n t he didn t he There used to be a cinema here before the war use d n t there didn t there Such things ought not to be allowed ought they He ought to be punished oughtn t he 但在正式文體中 用 ought we not 形式 例如 用心 愛心 專心4 We ought to go ought we not 或 We ought to go should we not 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 must 的句子表示推則 作 想必 解時(shí) 疑問部分不可用 mustn t 若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況 的推測(cè) 疑問部分用 aren t isn t 十主語(yǔ) 例如 You must be tired aren t you 若陳述部分的 must 表示 有必要 時(shí) 附加疑問句部分則用 needn t 例如 You must go home right now needn t you 當(dāng) mustn t 表示禁止時(shí) 附加疑問部分一般用 must 如 You mustn t walk on grass must you 前句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 must have 過去分詞時(shí) 若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè) 一般有過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 疑問部分 的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 didn t 主語(yǔ) 若前句強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的完成 疑問部分的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用 haven t hasn t 主語(yǔ) 例如 He must have met her yesterday didn t he You must have seen the film haven t you 陳述句謂語(yǔ)部分出現(xiàn)否定詞綴時(shí) 前綴或后綴 疑問部分仍用否定結(jié)構(gòu) 例如 He is unfit for his office isn t h