綜合英語(yǔ)一上冊(cè)講義.docx

Lesson One The Time Message一、詞 匯title: message 消息，要旨，要點(diǎn)take a message to sb. 給某人捎個(gè)口信short message 短信beginning n. 開(kāi)始；起初at the beginning of 在的開(kāi)始I visited my uncle at the beginning of this year.semester （美式英語(yǔ)） term（英式英語(yǔ)）mid-term exam 期中考試final exam 期末考試cover v. 處理duty n. 任務(wù)management n.管理number one adj. 最重要的，頭號(hào)的seriously adv. 真心地，當(dāng)真地，嚴(yán)肅地For example: Are you serious? 你是認(rèn)真的嗎？ once conj. 一旦（就）Once you get out of the gate, dont come back again.一旦你走出這個(gè)門(mén)，就不要再回來(lái)。weekly adj. 每周一次的yearly adj. 每年一次的daily adj. 每天一次的follow v. 遵照，沿用following adj. 緊接著的realistic 現(xiàn)實(shí)可行的real 真正的 really 副詞 You are really lovely，really?reality 現(xiàn)實(shí) in reality 在現(xiàn)實(shí)中essay n. 作文，短文quiz n. 考查；測(cè)驗(yàn)qu的發(fā)音：kw upset v. 打亂；打翻adj. 傷心的 同義詞：sadYou upset my plan. 你打亂了我的計(jì)劃。ability n. 能力，才智You have a lot of ability.Or：You are a great person with great ability.你是一個(gè)很有能力的人。grade n. 分?jǐn)?shù)achieve v. 獲得 flexible adj. 靈活的反義詞：inflexible re-plan v. 重新計(jì)劃basis 名詞on the basis of 在.基礎(chǔ)上 I succeed on the basis of hard working.On the basis of hard working I have passed my exam.be based on His success is based on his hard ject n. 課題；研究項(xiàng)目mid-term adj. 期中的solid adj. 扎實(shí)的schedule n. 計(jì)劃表alive adj. 活著的，起作用的for example :My grandmother is still alive .assignment n. 作業(yè)activity n. 活動(dòng)social 社會(huì)的 social problems 社會(huì)問(wèn)題society 社會(huì), 社團(tuán)（名詞）seem 好像（系動(dòng)詞）It seems that he is ill.He seems to be ill.He seems to be sun-burned.It seems that he is sun-burned.他好像曬黑了。It seems that you dont enjoy your trip to Canada.你好像并不喜歡這次加拿大之旅啊。We seem to be enemy to each other.我們兩人好像敵人一般。Back adj. 以前的；過(guò)去的 二、課文分析Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead , you think you have more time than you need . For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You dont have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer? Control!1.It is difficult to control and easy to waste. it is + adj. + to do sth. 做是的It is important for a student to work hard.2.When you look ahead , you think you have more time than you need .你或許覺(jué)得你有很多時(shí)間。have time on ones hands: 有許多時(shí)間3.But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out.run out 用完，用光My milk is running out. 我的牛奶快要喝光了。My milk has run out.我的牛奶已經(jīng)喝光了。Or I have run out my milk. Time is dangerous.If you dont control it, it will control you. If you dont make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.4.If you dont control it, it will control you.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事Please dont make me do so much homework.不要讓我做這么多的家庭作業(yè)。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：be made to do sth. My mother makes me do a lot of homework.我母親讓我做很多家庭作業(yè)。 被動(dòng)句：I am made to do a lot of homework by my mother.5.As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.number one: 頭等的，最重要的；最有成就的作為大學(xué)一年級(jí)的學(xué)生，妥善安排時(shí)間是你的頭等大事。Time is valuable. Wasting time is a bad habit. It is like a drug. The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time. If you seriously wish to get the most out of college, you must put the time message into practice.6.The more time you waste, the easier it is to go on wasting time.句型：the more the more 越就越for example : The more you eat, the more quickly you grow.你吃得越多，長(zhǎng)得就越快。The more hard working you are , the better you study.你學(xué)習(xí)越努力，成績(jī)就越好。go on doing sth. 繼續(xù)做某事7.ge the most out of sth. 充分利用put sth. into practice 把付諸實(shí)踐Message 1: Control time from the beginning.Time is today, not tomorrow or next week. Start your plan at the beginning of the term.8.Time is today, not tomorrow or next week.時(shí)間就是現(xiàn)在，不是明天或者下個(gè)星期。（抓緊時(shí)間就是抓緊當(dāng)前的時(shí)間，不要把事情推到明天或是下周。）Message 2. Get the notebook habit.Go and buy a notebook today. Use it to plan your study time each day. Once a weekly study plan is prepared , follow the same pattern every week with small changes. Sunday is a good day to make the plan for the following week.9.Get the notebook habit.養(yǎng)成用筆記本的習(xí)慣。10.Once a weekly study plan is prepared , follow the same pattern every week with small changes.Once :一旦 一旦一周的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃寫(xiě)好以后，就要遵守同樣的模式，每周只允許微小的變化。Message 3. Be realistic.Often you know from experience how long it takes you to write a short essay, to study for a quiz, or to review for a final exam. When you plan time for these things, be realistic. Allow for unexpected things. Otherwise your entire plan may be upset.11.Allow for unexpected things.（定計(jì)劃）要留有余地，要預(yù)計(jì)發(fā)生意外的事情。allow sb. to do sth. 允許某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期盼某人做某事expected adj. 意料當(dāng)中的 反義詞：unexpected 出乎意料的12.Otherwise your entire plan may be upset.否則你的整個(gè)計(jì)劃就會(huì)被打亂。Otherwise 否則，是書(shū)面語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中用orMessage 4. Plan at least one hour for each hour in class.How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:（1）your ability,（2）the difficulty of the class, （3） the grades you hope to achieve, and（4）how well you use your study time. One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour: In many cases, two or three hours will be required.13.How much study time you plan for each classroom hour depends on four things:（1）your ability,（2）the difficulty of the class,（3）the grades you hope to achieve, and（4）how well you use your study time.本句的謂語(yǔ)是：depend on主語(yǔ)是how much 引導(dǎo)的從句；how much time 在從句中作plan 的賓語(yǔ)。你為每節(jié)課安排多少（學(xué)習(xí)）時(shí)間，取決于4個(gè)因素：1.能力2.這節(jié)課的難度3.你希望得到的分?jǐn)?shù)4.你利用時(shí)間的能力。14.One thing, however, is certain: you should plan at least one hour of study for each classroom hour: In many cases, two or three hours will be required.case n. 案例 keep sb. / sth. +adj. 使保持某種狀態(tài)For example: Keep the classroom clean. 使教室保持干凈。 Message 5. Keep your plan flexible.It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary. For example, before mid-term or final exams, you will want to give more time to reviewing. A good plan must be a little flexible so that special projects can be done well.15.It is important that you re-plan your time on a weekly basis so that you can make certain changes when necessary.每周重新安排時(shí)間很重要，這樣才能在必要時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整。句型It is +adj. + that 從句/to do for example: It is common for me to read newspapers every evening.It is common that I like reading newspapers in the evening.review 復(fù)習(xí) Message 6. Study for some time each class day.Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next. When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day. This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.17.Some solid work each day is better than many study hours one day and nothing the next.better than好過(guò)每天都踏踏實(shí)實(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)一會(huì)，比一天學(xué)習(xí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，第2天什么也不學(xué)要好。18.When you work out your schedule, try to include at least two study hours each day.little 比較級(jí) less；最高級(jí) leastat least 至少； at most 最多19.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your class assignments.keep sb. up to date on 使某人跟上的進(jìn)度這不僅能使你保持這一（好的）學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣，而且還幫你跟上課堂進(jìn)度。Message 7. Free on Saturday-study on Sunday.It is good to stop all study activities for one full day. Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities. Sunday, on the other hand, seems to be best study day for many students. It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.20.Many students choose Saturday for sports or social activities.choose chose chosenchoice n. 選擇21.It is a good day to catch up on back reading and other assignments.catch up on 趕上，跟上catch up with sb. back adj. 過(guò)去的，拖欠的星期天是用來(lái)補(bǔ)上拖欠的閱讀任務(wù)和其它作業(yè)的好時(shí)機(jī)。三、語(yǔ)法與練習(xí)1.Useful Expressionshave a lot of time on ones hands 有很多時(shí)間work for 為效力work against 對(duì)不利look ahead 看前面，考慮未來(lái) at the beginning of 在的開(kāi)始plenty of 大量的get the most out of sth.充分利用的機(jī)會(huì)putinto practice 付諸實(shí)施allow for 考慮到 allow for unexpected thingson a weekly/daily basis 每周/每天at least 至少2.Verb pattern 1主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)（代詞 / 名詞 / 名詞短語(yǔ)）Time is money.The dictionary is mine.Wasting time is a bad habit.注意：用于這一句型的系動(dòng)詞主要有appear, be, become, feel, look, prove, remain, seem和sound等。系動(dòng)詞appear, seem 和prove后面加to be.For example: Xiao Ming appears to be unhappy.This song sounds beautiful. 這首歌聽(tīng)起來(lái)很美。3.Question on the Text1）Who is the article written for? And why?The Time Message is written for the first-year college students because it is important for them to learn how to use time properly when they start college. 5）Why is it important to realistic when you plan time for a short essay, or an exam?It is important to be realistic when you plan time for a short essay or an exam because we must allow for unexpected things. Otherwise our entire plan may be upset.關(guān)于漢譯英的技巧：抓住句子的結(jié)構(gòu)4.Vocabulary Exercises* 形容詞ly（以方式地）副詞stupidly 愚蠢地 cleverly 聰明地 weakly 無(wú)力地clearly 清楚地 frankly 坦率地 gladly 高興地* 名詞ly （具有某性質(zhì)的）形容詞 brotherly（兄弟般的） motherly 母親般的deathly 死一般的 cowardly 膽小的 manly 男子氣的friendly 友好的 be friendly to sb.She is so friendly to me.* 名詞ly （每隔一段時(shí)間發(fā)生地；每隔一段時(shí)間出版報(bào)紙等）形容詞/副詞/名詞hourly 每小時(shí)一次地/的 quarterly 每季度一次地/的；季刊將-ly 加在下列單詞后面構(gòu)成新詞，必要時(shí)適當(dāng)更改單詞拼寫(xiě)。1）easy, faithful, true, quiet, bad 2）king, love, father, man, friend3）night, year, week, day, month5.Grammar（Nouns）名詞可分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞兩類(lèi)。 而普通名詞又可分為個(gè)體名詞、集體名詞、物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞。其中，個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞為可數(shù)名詞，而物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞。1）可數(shù)名詞在句子中出現(xiàn)，只有三種形式：前面有a或the，后面帶復(fù)數(shù)s或es。2）不可數(shù)名詞在句子中出現(xiàn)，也有三種形式：前后什么都不加；前面加計(jì)量詞或the。不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一片面包：a loaf of bread 3）大多數(shù)集體名詞可作單數(shù)，也可作復(fù)數(shù)，如：army，audience，class，committee，crew（全體船員，乘務(wù)員），crowd，faculty，family，government，group，orchestra，public，team，union等。但有些雖然是單數(shù)形式，卻用作復(fù)數(shù)，如：cattle（牲畜），mankind（人類(lèi)），militia（民兵），people，police，poultry（家畜），staff（全體職員）等。My family is a happy one. 我的家庭是一個(gè)幸福的家庭。My family like cat. 我的家人都喜歡貓。The police protect us. 警察保護(hù)我們。a policeman 一位警察 two policemen3）What does the author advise you to do at the beginning of the term?What the author of the time message advises you to do is that we should / are to make a plan at the beginning of the term.4）What is the use of a notebook?The use of a notebook is that it can be used to plan our study each day.5）Why is it important to be realistic when you plan time for a short essay, or an exam?It is important to be realistic when you plan time because unexpected things will happen.7）Why must a good plan be a little flexible?A good plan should be a little flexible because it is easy to make small changes.6.Translate the following passage into English.時(shí)間很重要。（Time is important.）人人每天有24小時(shí)，每年有365天，一旦我們生命中的一天消失，就再也不會(huì)回來(lái)。（Everyone has twenty-four hours a day, and three hundred sixty-five days a year, once a day in our life is gone, it will never return.）我們要是熱愛(ài)生命，就不應(yīng)該浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。（If we love our lives, we shouldnt waste time.）我們應(yīng)該掌握時(shí)間。（We should control time.）使用時(shí)間的最好辦法就是好好計(jì)劃時(shí)間。（The best way of using time is to plan time well.）在制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃時(shí)，我們應(yīng)該記住兩件事。（When we are planning time，we should remember two things.）第一，應(yīng)該現(xiàn)實(shí)一些，不要企圖干太多的事情。（Firstly, be realistic，and dont try to do too many things.）第二，好的計(jì)劃要靈活一點(diǎn)。（Secondly, a good plan should be a little flexible.）我們可以每周做些小的變動(dòng)，但總的模式不變。（We can make small changes but follow the same pattern every week.）讓我們當(dāng)時(shí)間的主人，今天就開(kāi)始我們的計(jì)劃。（Let us be the master of the time,and start our plan today.）7.將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。1）我的食物都吃光了，得再去買(mǎi)點(diǎn)。I have run out of my food, so I have to buy some. 2）既然你這么說(shuō)了，就應(yīng)該把你的話(huà)付諸實(shí)施。Since you have said this, you should put your words into practice.3）坐公共汽車(chē)去那兒至少要花兩個(gè)小時(shí)。It takes sb sometime to do sth. 做某事花了某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間It takes at least 2 hours to go there by bus. On foot 徒步4）盡管我們失敗了，但至少我們也盡力了。Although we failed, at least we tried our best.5）大聲點(diǎn)說(shuō)話(huà)，讓大家都聽(tīng)得見(jiàn)。Speak louder, so that everybody can hear you.6）你花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間寫(xiě)這篇文章？How long did it take you to write that article?7）你似乎很難過(guò)。告訴我們發(fā)生什么事了，這樣我們好幫你。You seem to be sad. Tell us what happened, so that we can help you.8）我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈。We should keep the classroom clean.9）我們可以請(qǐng)小王幫我們，他好像有好多時(shí)間。 We can let Xiao Wang help us, because he seems to have a lot of time .It seems that he has a lot of time.8.用本課的動(dòng)詞句型1。2）這本書(shū)不是我的，是約翰的。This book isnt mine, but Johns.5）那似乎是最好的選擇。That seems to be the best choice.9.用恰當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空1） Old people like to look （back） while young people always look（ahead）.8） I can t