初中英語動詞不定式完整課件(1).ppt

動詞不定式 結構 todo 否定 nottodo 二 時態(tài)與語態(tài) 不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 1 作主語 2 作賓語 3 作賓語補足語 4 作定語 5 作狀語 6 作表語 7 作獨立成分 8 與疑問詞等連用 三 用法 功能 Toseeistobelieve It simportanttolearn 1 主語 不定式作主語時 往往放在謂語之后 用it作形式主語 Myjobtohelpthepatient Yourtasktocleantheclassroom is is 2 表語 Iwanttogohome Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain 3 賓語 think consider findit adj todo 常用動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有 hope refuse learn setoutchoose decide agree manage pretend plan Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp 4 賓補 二看 watch see lookat 三使 let make have 一聽 listento hear 四注意 feel warn tell allow help ask force等 notice 五感覺 Imadehimdohiswork Hewasmadetodohiswork byme 不定式用在介詞but except besides后時 如果這些介詞前有行為動詞do的各種形式 那么介詞后的不定式不帶to 相反則帶to 1 Shecoulddonothingbutcry 2 Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep Ihavesomethingtosay Hehasalotofhomeworktodo Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout 5 定語 如果不定式中的動詞是不及物動詞 則不定式中要有介詞 不定式作定語時 應放在被修飾詞的后面 而且放在其他后置定語之后 1 不定式做定語與所修飾的詞之間有三種關系 1 動賓關系Ihavealotofworktodo 我有很多工作要做 2 主謂關系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome 他總是第一個來 3 同位關系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege 我們都有上大學的機會 2 不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動作的地點工具等 即使是及物動詞 不定式后面仍須有相應的介詞 3 不定式所修飾的名詞如果是time place或way 不定式后面的介詞習慣上要省去 Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive 他沒錢沒地方住 請給我一支寫字的筆 Pleasegivemeapentowritewith 4 something anything nothing everything等復合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語 注意比較 Doyouhaveanythingtosend 你有什么東西要寄嗎 不定式tosend的動作執(zhí)行者是you 2 Doyouhaveanythingtobesent 你有什么要 我或別人 寄的東西嗎 不定式tobesent的動作執(zhí)行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse Icameheretoseeyou Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain 6 狀語 inorderto soasto enoughto onlyto too to 7 獨立結構 tobefrank tobehonest totellthetruth Totellthetruth Idon tagreewithyou 關于小品詞to 1 不定式中的動詞上文已出現(xiàn)過 下文要省略該動詞 eg Wouldyouliketogowithme I dliketo 2 不定式是tobe結構 be不可省 eg Wouldyouliketobeateacher I dliketobe 不定式與疑問詞who which when how what等連用 在句中起名詞作用 可充當主語 表語 賓語等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay 他不知道說什么 賓語 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 如何解決這個問題很重要 主語 Myquestioniswhentostart 我的問題是什么時候開始 表語 注意 在與why連用時 只用于why或whynot開頭的簡短疑問句中 后面緊跟的動詞不定式不帶to Whynothavearest 固定句型 hadbetter hadbest not dosth 最好 不 做某事Why not dosth prefertodo preferdoing prefer n doingA to n doingB prefer todoAratherthan to doB wouldrather not dosth wouldratherdoAthan do B wouldrather 句子 過去式 虛擬語氣 要做 1 Theypretendednottoseeus 2 Hepretendedtobesleeping 3 Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore 一般式表示與謂語的動作同時 幾乎 發(fā)生在它之后 在謂語動詞發(fā)生的同時 不定式的動作也正在進行 完成式表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 4 We rehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou 完成進行式表示謂語動作發(fā)生之前 不定式的動作一直在進行而且可能之后也繼續(xù) Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 Thesentencewants oncemore explainedB toexplainC beingexplainedD explaining3 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being B D C 4 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave5 IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard learnedB learningC tobelearnedD tolearn6 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff B D C 7 Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve makingD tosolve made8 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy B A 9 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned10 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime tofinishB finishingC beingfinishedD tobefinished11 IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain Whynot therebyboatforachange totrytogoB trygoingC totrygoingD trytogo B D B 12 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight TomakeB MadeC MakingD Tohavemade13 Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan forfood begB beggingC beggedD tobeg14 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread A A C Exercise 1 Robertissaid abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin tohavestudiedB tostudyC tobestudyingD tohavebeenstudying2 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake3 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 4 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see5 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows itwhattodowithB whattodowithitC whattodoitwithD todowhatwithit6 Themotherdidn tknow toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout A whoB whenC howD why 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning8 Weagreed herebutsofarshehasn tturnedupyet A havingmetB meetingC tomeetD tohavemet9 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 10 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating11 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone12 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 13 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking14 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep15 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake Ex2onPage6rewriting HewasoverheardtosaythathehopedJohnwouldresign Peterwasmadetowaitoutside Hewasheardtounlockthedoorandgoout Themanwasseentoshootthewomanonthestreet Theoldladywasnoticedt