非謂語語法學(xué)案.doc

Irregular Verbs不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞一、AAA型 動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞意義putcutshutletsethithurtcostburstread/ri:d/broadcastput cutshutletsethit hurtcostburstread/red/broadcastput cutshutletsethit hurtcostburstread/red/broadcastvt.放，使處于；表達(dá)；提交；記下vt.切，割，剪；減少 v.關(guān)，閉vt.允許，讓；假設(shè)；出租vt.放，安裝； vi.落山vt.打，擊中；碰撞； v.弄傷；傷感情；危(損)害 vt.(使)花費(fèi)；使付出vt.使爆裂； vi.爆炸；擠滿 v.讀；理解；讀數(shù)為；讀到；寫明vt.廣播，播放二、ABA型 動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞意義runcomebecomerancamebecameruncome becomevi.跑；運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；競選；流； vt.經(jīng)營； vi.來(自)；經(jīng)過；至；實(shí)現(xiàn)；開始；發(fā)生vi.變成，開始變得； vt.適合，同相稱三、ABB型動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞意義buybringthinkfightcatchteachkeepleavesleepsweepfeel dealbuildsendlend spendsaypaylaystandunderstandmeetfeedleadshootmeanhearhavemakeselltellholdsitspitstickspinwingetholdloseleavefindfoundwelcomeboughtbroughtthoughtfoughtcaughttaughtkeptleftsleptswept feltdealtbuilt sent lentspentsaidpaidlaidstoodunderstoodmetfedledshotmeantheardhadmadesoldtoldheldsatspatstuckspunwongotheldlostleftfoundfoundedwelcomedboughtbroughtthoughtfoughtcaughttaughtkeptleftsleptswept feltdealtbuiltsent lent spentsaidpaidlaidstoodunderstoodmetfedledshotmeantheardhadmadesoldtoldholdsatspatstuckspunwongotheldlostleftfoundfoundedwelcomedvt.買，買得；向行賄，收買； vi.購買東西vt.帶來；把引來；促使；使發(fā)生vt.認(rèn)為；想；打算； vi.想，思考v.戰(zhàn)斗，打架，斗爭vt.抓住；發(fā)覺；感染；趕上；引起；領(lǐng)會(huì)vt.教，講授；教導(dǎo)(訓(xùn))； vi.講課，當(dāng)教師v.(使)保持，(使)繼續(xù)；阻止；遵守；保有v.出發(fā)；離開；留下； v.睡(眠)v.掃，拂(去)；掠過； vi.覺得；給人以感覺；vt.摸；認(rèn)為； vt.分給，發(fā)；給予； vt.建造；創(chuàng)立； vi.向頂點(diǎn)發(fā)展； vt.送，寄；派遣，打發(fā)；發(fā)送，發(fā)射vt.把借給，貸；提供，給予vt.用(錢)；花(時(shí)間等)，度過，消磨v.說；表明； v.付款；給予(注意等)；付出代價(jià)； v.置放；鋪；產(chǎn)(蛋，卵)；設(shè)置；主張vi.站；坐落；處于；忍受； v.理解，懂；意識(shí)到；諒解；聽說；認(rèn)為vt.遇見；滿足； vi.相遇；開會(huì)； vt.喂(養(yǎng))；向提供； vi.(on)吃； v.帶路；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；致使；通向； v.射擊；疾馳；射門，投籃；拍攝； vt.意思是；意欲； vi.特意； vt.聽見；聽到，得知；審訊，聽證； vi.聽說aux. v.已經(jīng)； vt.有；進(jìn)行；經(jīng)受；吃；取得vt.做，制造；產(chǎn)生；成為； v.賣，出售，推銷v.講(述)，告訴；吩咐；認(rèn)出；顯示；生效v.拿；保持；掌握；主持； vi.坐；坐落，被安放； vt.使坐，使就座vi.吐唾沫(或痰) ；vt.吐出； n.棍，手杖； vt.刺；粘(釘，卡)??；留下v.旋轉(zhuǎn)；暈眩；紡，織；甩干； vi.獲勝，贏； vt.獲勝；贏得； vt.獲得；收到；理解； vi.變得；逐漸；到達(dá)v.拿；保持；掌握；主持； v.丟失；迷失；輸，損失；浪費(fèi)；(鐘)走慢v.出發(fā)；離開；留下； vt.發(fā)現(xiàn)；感到；判決； vt.創(chuàng)立，創(chuàng)辦，創(chuàng)建vt.歡迎； 四、A B C型動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞意義growthrowknowblowdrawflyshowbeginswimringsingdrinksinkbeateatfallbe（am, is, are）seerise givedrive take mistakeshakewriteridehidespeakbreakstealchoosefreezewakeforgetwakeweartearbeardogogrewthrewknewblewdrewflewshowedbeganswamrangsangdranksankbeatatefellwas/weresawrosegavedrovetookmistookshookwroterode hidspoke brokestolechosefrozewokeforgotwokeworetoreboredidwentgrownthrownknownblowndrawnflownshownbegunswumrungsungdrunksunkbeateneatenfallenbeenseenrisengivendriventakenmistakenshakenwrittenriddenhiddenspokenbrokenstolenchosenfrozenwakenforgottenwokenworntornborndonegonevi.生長，成長；成為；增長； vt.種植，栽種vt.扔；使突然陷入；使困惑； v.知道；認(rèn)識(shí)；會(huì)；認(rèn)出，分辨；懂得v.吹；吹氣；吹奏；(使)爆炸； vt.畫；拖；取出； vi.移動(dòng)； vi.乘；飛(行)； vt.駕(飛機(jī))；空運(yùn)； v.表明；出示；演出，放映；展覽(會(huì))v.開始vi.游泳；眩暈 v.包圍；打電話；響v.唱(歌)v.飲，喝(酒等)v.陷入，衰退；下沉；降低；掘； vt.打；戰(zhàn)勝； vi.跳動(dòng)； vt.吃，喝； vi.吃飯，吃東西vi.落下；垮臺(tái)；下垂； vi.是; 在v.看(見)；參見；會(huì)晤；理解；想想vi.升起；起立(床)；上漲；vt.給予；提供； vi.塌下，折斷，彎曲；讓步vt.駕駛，開動(dòng)，打入；驅(qū)使； vi.駕駛 vt.帶(去)；做；花費(fèi)；拿；服用；乘；拍vt.誤解，弄錯(cuò)；誤認(rèn)為v.搖動(dòng)，搖；(使)顫抖，震動(dòng)v.寫，寫字；寫作，作曲；寫信(給)v.騎(馬)，乘(車)；騎馬(乘車等)旅行vt.藏起來，躲藏；隱瞞； vi.(躲)藏； vi.說話；發(fā)言； vt.說(出)；講(某種語言)vt.打破;弄壞； vi.破碎;破曉;轉(zhuǎn)晴vi.偷盜；悄悄地走； vt.偷盜； vt.選擇，挑選；情愿，決定v.(使)凍結(jié)，(使)結(jié)冰； vi.醒來； vt.喚醒；使認(rèn)識(shí)到，喚起； v.忘記，遺忘；(about) 不放在心上，丟開vi.醒來； vt.喚醒；使認(rèn)識(shí)到，喚起； vt.穿(戴)著； vi.穿破； v.撕(裂)，被撕破vt.忍受；承擔(dān)；懷有；運(yùn)輸； aux. v.代替動(dòng)詞 v.做，干，行動(dòng)vi.去；變得；進(jìn)行；放；通往；消失； 有些動(dòng)詞有兩種變化形式，有的意義相同，有的意義不同。動(dòng)詞原形過去式過去分詞意義learndreamburnsmellspelllighthanghangshineshinelielielearnt/learneddreamt/dreamed burnt/burnedsmelt/smelledspelt/spelledlighted/lithunghangedshoneshinedlay liedlearnt/learneddreamt/dreamedburnt/burnedsmelt/smelledspelt/spelledlighted/ lithunghangedshoneshinedlainliedv.學(xué)，學(xué)習(xí)；得知，了解，認(rèn)識(shí)到vi.做夢；想； vt.夢想vi.燃燒； vt.點(diǎn)燃；燒毀； vi.散發(fā)； vt.聞到； vt.拼寫；意味著vt.點(diǎn)亮vt.懸掛； vi.懸掛，垂下vt.吊；吊死； vi.照耀；干得出色； vt.投光于vi.照耀；干得出色； vt.投光于 vi.躺，平放；位于；伸展vi.說謊 非謂語動(dòng)詞非謂語動(dòng)詞包括_, _, _, _不定式動(dòng)名詞現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞不同主語可可賓語可可表語可可可可定語可可可可補(bǔ)語可可可狀語可可可一、非謂語基本構(gòu)成形式對比1、不定式的基本形式和意義 1）動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式：not+不定式The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. (NMET 1996)A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating小結(jié)：不定式的基本形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）2) 動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式： to be + 過去分詞Little Sam should love _ to the theater this evening. (MET 1992)A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking小結(jié)：不定式的被動(dòng)形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）3) 動(dòng)詞不定式的進(jìn)行形式：to be + 現(xiàn)在分詞When his father came in, he pretended to be reading.小結(jié)：不定式的進(jìn)行形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）4) 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式： to have + 過去分詞I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (NMET 1997)A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. have gone小結(jié)：不定式的完成形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）5) 動(dòng)詞不定式的完成形式的被動(dòng)：to have been + 過去分詞Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (NMET2002)A.to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told小結(jié)：不定式的完成被動(dòng)形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）2. 動(dòng)名詞基本構(gòu)成形式和意義1）v-ing的一般式Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。Talking is easier than doing. Her job is washing and cooking.My hobby is collecting stamps.I have been practice playing the piano since last year.Can you excuse my coming late?2) v-ing的否定式為 not +v-ingI apologize for not coming on time.小結(jié)：(1) v-ing形式具有_詞的特點(diǎn)，在句子中做_成分。3.現(xiàn)在分詞的基本構(gòu)成形式及意義1) v-ing 形式的一般式由動(dòng)詞加ing構(gòu)成，被動(dòng)形式為 being + 過去分詞The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.(MET1992)A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealing小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）2) V-ing 形式的完成式由having +過去分詞構(gòu)成， 其被動(dòng)形式為having been + 過去分詞The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here. (NMET1994)A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added小結(jié)：現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）3)V-ing 的否定形式為not + V-ing._ a reply, he decided to write again. (NMET 1992)A. Not receiving B. Receiving notC. Not having received D. Having not received二、過去分詞的構(gòu)成形式及意義 過去分詞由規(guī)則動(dòng)詞+ ed構(gòu)成，不規(guī)則的要專門記憶。 過去分詞否定為在前面加not.Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with special knowledge. ( NMET 2002)A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known小結(jié)：過去分詞的基本形式表示_（主動(dòng)，被動(dòng)）；_（完成，未做，進(jìn)行）注：當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)從句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成被動(dòng)式Having been finished，the report was handed in.三、非謂語動(dòng)詞的作用對比1. 作主語只有動(dòng)詞不定式和V-ing 形式可以作主語。謂語用單數(shù)。為了平衡句子， 通常把不定式作主語改為it作形式主語。Is _ necessary to complete the design before National Day? (MET 1989)A. this B. that C. it D. he_ after supper is good for your health. ( MET 1989)A. Walking B. To walk C. The walk D. A walk注：（1）一般說來動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作在意義上是比較抽象的、一般的，時(shí)間概念不強(qiáng)，不是指某一次的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)詞不定式所表示的動(dòng)作則往往是具體的一次行為。 nClimbing mountain is an exciting exercise.nTo climb mountain tomorrow is a good idea.nFeeding pigs is her job.nTo water the flowers in the garden is my work today.nTo swim in the river is dangerous.（2）當(dāng)表語為no use; no good; a waste of即在Its no use/no good/a waste of結(jié)構(gòu)中，只用動(dòng)名詞做真正的主語。練習(xí)：Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. （2005北京） A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. HavingIts no use _ with him. He wont change his mind.A. talk B. to talk C. talking D. talked2作表語1）不定式作表語： 不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞be, seem, appear, get, remain等后面作表語。Our plan is to finish the work in three weeks.We are to help him out.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (NMET 2002)A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seenHe let me repeat his instruction _ sure that I understood what was _ after he went away. ( NMET 2000)A. to make; to be done B. making; doing C. to make; to do D. making; to do2) V-ing 形式和過去分詞做表語時(shí)總是放在連系動(dòng)詞之后， 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)， 表示主語所處的狀態(tài)。 V-ing 形式通常表示主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行， 過去分詞則表示被動(dòng)或完成。I think the shop is closed at this time of day.The story sounds interesting.常用V-ing 或過去分詞做表語的動(dòng)詞有：interest, move, discourage, amuse, astonish, frighten, excite, inspire, please, satisfy, tire, worry, surprise, bore, disappoint, encourage, puzzle, shock, invite等， 通常修飾人用過去分詞， 修飾物用V-ing形式。 另外be covered with; be lost in thought; be caught in the rain; be separated from; be interested in等已成為習(xí)慣搭配了。-Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a _ smell. (NMET 2002)A. pleasant; pleased B. pleased; pleased C. pleasant; pleasant D. pleased; pleasantIt is believed that if a book is _, it will surely _ the reader. (NMET 2003)A. interested; interest B. interesting; be interestedC. interested; be interesting D. interesting; interest注：(1) like, love, wish, mean, want, refuse, try, advise, persuade 等動(dòng)詞后常省略不定式。Will you go to the theatre, Miss Brown? Sorry, _.A. I wantB. I dont want to C. Im glad toD. Id like(2)在某些固定詞組，如：ought to, have to, used to, be able to, be going to等后也可省略不定式。Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? I _, but I had an unexpected visitor.A. hadB. wouldC. was going toD. did(3)系表結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞表被動(dòng)和完成；現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。be /get married; be/get dressed; be/get burned; be/get woundedWhen did you get married?My work is finished?His glasses are broken.They remained talking.It kept raining.He seems thinking about something.be well /poorly dressed, be well/poorly written; be well/poorly paid; be well/poorly kept; be well/poorly educatedHow is the book written?These words are not easily forgotten.He was badly wounded many years ago.(4) Be tired in厭倦，討厭；be lost in消失在之中；be interested in; be disappointed in; be filled with, be mixed with, be covered with, be fitted with安裝；be surrounded with/by； be connected with/by/toHe is tired of resting at home.He was lost in the darkness.The bottle is filled with ink.非謂語動(dòng)詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)練習(xí)題動(dòng)名詞1. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car. A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired 2. Its no good _ over split milk. A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry 3. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _ it tomorrow? A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bring C. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing 4. The classroom wants _. A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning 5. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us. A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited 6. My brother keeps _ me with my work. A. to help B. help C. helping D. helped 7. We should often practise _ English with each other. A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking 8. Keep on _ and you will succeed. A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying9. His parents insist on _ to college. A. he should go B. he go C. his going D. him to go 10. The story was so funny that we _. A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laugh C. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh 11. How much time did you spend _ the text? A. copying B. to copy C. in copy D. on copying 12. I _see you without _ your mother. A. never; thinking of B. never; thinking about C. not; thinks of D. dont; think about 13.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂貴),it is worth _. A. being bought B. buying C. to buy D. buying it 14. The novel is well _. A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worthy to read D. worthy of being read 15. The farmers were busy _ cotton. A. to pick B. picking C. with picking D. pluck 非謂語動(dòng)詞對比練習(xí)1.(1) Smokingmeans_yourselfwithyourownhandsA.tokillB.killedC.killingD.kill(2)Imsorry, ButIdidntmean_youA.tohurtB.hurtC.hurtingD.havinghurt2.(1) Iregret_youthatyourmotherisabsentinBeijing. Idontregret_herwhatIthoughtevenifitmighthaveupsether. A.totellB.totellingC.havingtoldD.tell3. Wedontallow_inthereadingroom. Wedontallowthem_inthereadingroom. A. tosmokeB.smokingC.smokeD. smoked4.(1) _hardandyoullmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning. _hard,youllmakerapidprogressinyourEnglishlearning. A.WorkingB.ToworkC.WorkD.Worked5._,wewentforaswimintheriver. _,sowewentforaswimintheriver.A. BeinghotB.ItbeinghotC. AsithotD.Itwashot6. Theflowerneeds_rightnow.A.water B.wateringC.towaterD.beingwateredThewarm-bloodedanimalsdontneed_. A.hibernateB.tohibernateC.hibernatingD.beinghibernated7.Icanthelp_whenIhearthatterriblenoise.Hesaidhecouldnthelpbut_when heheardthatterriblenoise. A.laughingB.laughedC.laughD.beinglaughedIcanthelp_theroom,forIamverybusynow. A.cleanB.cleaningC.havecleanD.cleaned8.Inthe_weekwellhaveanotherexam.Intheweek_,wellhaveanotherexam.A.comingB.tocomeC.comeD.came9._fromthetower,ourTianjincitylooksmorebeautiful._fromthetower,wecanseeourbeautifulTianjincity. A.Seeing B.Seen C.Tosee D. Havingseen10.Thesportmeet_nextweekisofgreatimportance.Thesportsmeet_nowisveryimportantThesportsmeet_lastweekisofgreatimportance. A.holdingB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.held11.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakeus_him.Heraisedhisvoiceinordertomakehimself_. A.heardB.hearingC.hearD.tobeheard12.(1)Hestoodtherewithhiseyes_hismother(2)Hestoodthere,_hismotherA.staringatB.staredonC.fixinguponD.fixedupon13.Mostofuswenttoseeher,_somegirls.Mostofuswenttoseeher,somegirls_.A.includeB.includingC.includedD.toinclude14.Hewassurprisedtoseesomevillagers_there.Tohissurprise,hesawsomevillagers_themselves. A.seatB.seatedC.seatingD.toseat15.Theman_Zhaosanusedtolivehere.Theman_himselfZhaosanusedtolivedhere.A.calledB.callingC.tocallD.call16.Hehadnochoicebut_atthebus-stopintherain.Hehadnothingtodobut_atthebus-stopintherain. A.towaitB.waitingC.waitD.shouldwait17.ThebookisusedinEnglish_countries.Toimprovehis_English,hepracticesspeakingeveryday. A.spokenB.speakingC.tospeakD.spoke18.(1)ImnotfreethiseveningbecauseIhavealotofthings_.(2)Hewassolazythathehadallofhiswashing_. A.todoB.tobedoneC.doingD.done(3)Iwonthaveyou_toyourmotherlikethat A.tospeakB.spokenC.speakingD.speak19. (1)Heoftenseethem_footballontheplayground.Themissingboyswerelastseen_neartheriver. A.playingB.playedC.playD.toplay20. (1)Weareconsidering_upanewfactoryhereinthistown(2)Weareconsideringhow_upanewfactoryhereinthistown (3)Theboyisconsidered_agoodexampletohisclassmates A.settingB.tosetC.tohaveset D.havingset21.Idlike_youforadviceonhowtolearnEnIdrather_myteacherforhelpwithmyEnglishA. toaskB.askingC.askedD.ask22. Soonhehasgotusedto_insuchaclimate.Heusedto_insuchaclimatewhenhewasinthearmy. A. livingB.livedC.havinglivedD.live23.(