英語句型、時態(tài)復(fù)習(xí).doc

一、名詞名詞可數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞，如：glue, chalk, snow, rain, cake, ice cream可數(shù)名詞有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式 可數(shù)名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)形式的情況：1、在名詞末尾加s:books, flowers, pens, stamps2、以s，x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞，末尾加es: buses, beaches, fishes3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，去y變i，再加es: family-families, story-stories4、單復(fù)數(shù)同形的：sheep，people5、不規(guī)則變化的：man-men, woman-women, child-children, wolf-wolves, leaf-leaves 二、動詞在小學(xué)階段，需要掌握動詞的原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式和第三人稱單數(shù)形式。動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時態(tài)，其構(gòu)成一般規(guī)律：1、一般在動詞末尾加ing:talking reading flying looking cooking eating2、動詞末尾是不發(fā)音的e,去掉e,再加ing:take-taking come-coming ride-ridinghave-having make-making 3、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫這個輔音字母，再加ing: run-running sit-sitting put-puttingbegin-beginning hit-hitting swimming 動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況，其變化如下：1、動詞末尾加s:says asks sings answers looks makes2、以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的動詞加es:teaches brushes3、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，去y變i,再加es:fly-flies try-tries 動詞的過去式，用于一般過去時，其變化如下：1、一般動詞在末尾加ed:looked talked played wanted walked 2、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，只加d:write-writed like-liked 3、有些動詞的原形和過去式同形：sit put hurt read hit 4、不規(guī)則變化的動詞，要求學(xué)生熟記：buy-bought bring-brought teach-taughtsay-said think-thought go-wentsee-saw come-came am,is-wasare-were eat-ate throw-threwswim-swam lie-lay do-didwrite-wrote 三、簡單的詞形變化 1、名詞與形容詞有些名詞末尾加y,可以轉(zhuǎn)變成形容詞：rain-rainny cloud-cloudy wind-windy snow-snowy 這些名詞中，以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的，要雙寫這個字母，再加y:sun-sunny 2、形容詞與副詞：有些形容詞的末尾加ly,可以轉(zhuǎn)化成副詞：sad-sadly happy-happily slow-slowlyquiet-quietly loud-loudly quick-quickly 3、形容詞、副詞的比較級：a、在詞尾加er: taller, shorter, younger, olderb、以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母的，雙寫這個輔音字母再加er: biggerc、以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，去y變i,再加er: early-earlierd、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的，只加r:late-latere、大部分多音節(jié)詞在單詞前加more: expensive-more expensivef、不規(guī)則的變化形式：good-better 四、簡單的句子知識1、陳述句 陳述句中，要注意的是主語和謂語部分的時態(tài)和人稱的一致。如：I am writing.Li Ming likes French fries.Danny bought ice cream yesterday. 2、一般疑問句 一般疑問句是將陳述句中的動詞提到主語的前面，或在句首加助動詞構(gòu)成的問句，有肯定yes和否定no兩種回答。如：把be動詞提到主語前面的：She is a teacher.-Is she a teacher?We are children. Are you children? 把情態(tài)動詞提到主語前面的：I can sing well. Can you sing well?You may sit now. May I sit now?在句首加助動詞的，原來句中的實意動詞要恢復(fù)原形：Li Nan likes donuts. Does Li Nan like donuts?Danny ate a hot dog yesterday. Did Danny eat a hot dog yesterday?You eat supper at 7:00. Do you eat supper at 7:00? 3、特殊疑問句 特殊疑問句是由疑問詞加上一般疑問句構(gòu)成的疑問句，答語為陳述句，必須與問題一一對應(yīng)。 詢問年齡，用how oldHow old is Jenny? She is eleven. 詢問顏色，用what colourWhat colour is your hair? Its black. 詢問價格，用how muchHow much is a stamp? 2 yuan. 詢問行為方式，用howHow do you go to school? By bus. 詢問數(shù)量，用how manyHow many markers do you have? I have twelve markers. 詢問時間，用whenWhen is Teachers Day? Its September tenth. 詢問具體時刻，用what timeWhat time is it now? Its 6:30. 詢問地方，用whereWhere is the book? Its on the desk. 詢問身高，用how tallHow