OB13_TIF09組織行為學(xué)第九章測(cè)試.doc

Chapter 9 Foundations of Group BehaviorMULTIPLE CHOICE Defining and Classifying Groups1.Which one of the following characteristics is not necessarily true about groups?a.Group members are interdependent.b.Groups have two or more members.c.Groups have assigned goals.d.Groups interact.e.Groups have particular objectives.(c; Moderate; Groups; p. 284)2.What sort of groups is defined by the organizations structure?a. informalb. taskc. friendshipd. intereste. formal (e; Easy; Formal Groups; p. 284)3.When do informal groups appear?a.in response to the need for social contactb.in reaction to formal groupsc.as a result of social needsd.most frequently in bureaucracies e.when formal groups cannot meet their goals(a; Moderate; Informal Groups; p. 284)4.Julia, Bree, and David work in different departments but often eat lunch together. They are an example of what type of group?a. formal b. informal c. command d. task e. reactant(b; Easy; Informal Groups; p. 284) AACSB: Analytic Skills5.Which of the following statements is true?a. All task groups are also command groups.b. All command groups are also task groups.c. All task groups are also friendship groups.d. All command groups are also informal groups.e. All informal groups are also command groups.(b; Moderate; Command Groups; p. 285)6.The group type that is determined by the organization chart is the _ group.a.job b.work c.authority mand (e; Moderate; Command Groups; p. 284)7. Which one of the following group types is organizationally determined?a.jobb.taskc.workd.authoritye.social(b; Moderate; Task Groups; p. 285)8.Employees who band together to seek improved working conditions form a(n) _ erestd.worke.emancipated(c; Moderate; Interest Groups; p. 285)9.Which of the following statements most accurately describes interest groups?a.They are longer lasting than friendship groups.b.They develop because individual members have one or more common characteristics.c.They are formed because of some common objective.d.They are governed by labor laws.e.They are likely to involve great social conflict.(c; Moderate; Interest Groups; p. 285)10.Groups based on support for a given sports team are examples of what sort of group?a. boosterb. interestc. friendshipd. sportse. miscreant(c; Easy; Friendship Groups; p. 285)11.Which of the following is not one of the most common reasons why people join groups?a.securityb.statusc.equityd.powere.goal achievement (c; Moderate; Reasons to Join Groups; p. 285)Stages of Group Development12.What are the five stages of group development?a.generation, implementation, construction, production, roduction, development, production, deterioration, adjournmentc.initiation, evolution, maturation, degeneration, terminationd.forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourninge.acting, reacting, enacting, impacting, acting(d; Moderate; The Five-Stage Model; p. 286)13.Which stage in group development is most characterized by uncertainty?roductionb.stormingc.formingd.evolutione.norming(c; Moderate; Forming; p. 286)14.In the second stage of group development _.a.close relationships are developedb.the group demonstrates ragroup conflict often occursd.the job task is performede.groups disband(c; Challenging; Storming; p. 286)15.After which stage of a groups development is there a relatively clear hierarchy of leadership within the group?a.normingb.stormingc.developmentd.evolutione.forming(b; Moderate; Storming; p. 286)16.Which is the stage of group development characterized by the development of close relationships and cohesiveness?a.bondingb.normingc.performingd.initiatinge.forming(b; Moderate; Norming; p. 286)17.After which stage of a groups development has the group formed a common set of expectations of member behaviors?a.normingb.stormingc.maturationd.developmente.forming(a; Easy; Norming; p. 286)18.When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the _ stage.a. stormingb.norming duction d.maturation e.performing (e; Moderate; Performing; p. 286)19.Temporary groups with deadlines tend to follow the _ model.a.sociometryb.five-stage group developmentc.punctuated equilibriumd.cluster variancee.frantic action(c; Moderate; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; pp. 287-288)20.A temporary task group working under a time-constrained deadline would be expected to behave in which of the following manners?a.forming, then storming, then norming, then performing, and finally adjourningb.exhibit long periods of inertia interspersed with brief revolutionary changes triggered by its members awareness of looming deadlinesc.develop plans, assign roles, determine and allocate resources, resolve conflicts, and set normsd.group energy will move rapidly from getting to know and understand each other to performing the task at hande.a period of activity where tasks are set and the bulk of the project is completed, followed by a period of inertia where what little work remains is performed(b; Challenging; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; p. 288)21.According to the punctuated equilibrium model, groups tend to experience what for the first half of the project?a.inertiab.reorganization and redirectionc.mid-life crisisd.markedly accelerated activitye.discord(a; Moderate; Punctuated Equilibrium Model; p. 288)Group Properties: Roles, Norms, Status, Size, and Cohesiveness22.Roles, norms, status, and cohesiveness are examples of _.a.structural variablesb.team mechanismsc.static factorsd.team factorse.group properties(e; Easy; Group Properties; p. 289)23.What term is used for a set of expected behavior patterns associated with a particular position in a social unit?a.roleb.role perceptionc.role identityd.role expectatione.identity(a; Easy; Role; p. 289)24.When Judith became a doctor she modeled her manner on her observations of more experienced doctors, and also on the behavior of doctors in medical dramas she had enjoyed watching as a child on TV. What is Judith modeling her manner upon?a.the role behaviors of doctorsb.her role perception of doctorsc.the role identity of doctorsd.her role expectation of doctorse.the core role actions of doctors(b; Easy; Role; p. 289) AACSB: Analytic Skills25.Which of the following is true of role identity?a. Role perception creates the attitudes and actual behaviors consistent with a role.b. People have the ability to shift roles rapidly when the situation requires change.c. There is considerable inertia in role identity after roles are changed.d. Everyone is required to play one specific role in every situation.e. No two people ever agree on what constitutes a role.(b; Moderate; Role Identity; p. 290)26.Most people assume that a police officer should behave in a lawful manner, not show any favoritism to any particular group, and do their best to uphold the law. What term is used for this kind of belief?a.a normb.a norm identityc.a role expectationd.a role perceptione.a norm violation(c; Moderate; Role Expectation; p. 290)27.What term is used for the mutual expectations of what management expects from workers and what workers expect from management? a.group normb.role expectationc.role identityd.psychological contracte.reactive goals(d; Moderate; Psychological Contract; p. 290)28.Zach is devout and very active in his church. He is also a very dedicated employee. His manager offers him a promotion but the new role will require him to work Sundays. Zach would like the promotion, but realizes that it would force him to miss some church activities. It is likely that Zach is experiencing which of the following?a.role conflictb.role expectationc.role perceptiond.psychological conflicte.cognitive reactance(a; Easy; Role Conflict; p. 290) AACSB: Analytic Skills29.Which of the following was the major finding of Zimbardos simulated prison experiment?a.Status differences between groups will always result in conflict between those groups.b.Group cohesiveness is so important that individuals will restrain their natural impulses in order to remain part of the group.c.Individuals can rapidly assimilate new roles very different from their inherent personalities.d.An individuals emotions and the behavioral responses to those emotions are congruent.e.When given the opportunity, people will tend to act in an oppressive manner to those around them.(c; Moderate; Zimbardos Prison Experiment; pp. 291-292)30.What term is used for acceptable standards of behavior that are shared by a groups members?a.normsb.rulesc.standardsd.codes of behaviore.explicit contracts(a; Easy; Norms; p. 292)31.Which is not a common class of norms appearing in most work groups?a. performanceb. appearancec. in-group statusd. social arrangemente.allocation of resources(c; Easy; Group Norms; p. 292)32.Which of the following is not an example of a work group norm dealing with performance?a.when an employee needs to look busyb.how hard an employee should workc.the appropriate levels of tardinessd.the acceptable level of outpute.the importance of promptness(a; Challenging; Group Norms; p. 292)33.What norms include things like appropriate dress and loyalty to the group or organization?a. performanceb. appearancec. social arrangementd. allocation of resourcese. confluence(b; Easy; Group Norms; p. 292)34.Norms that dictate with whom group members eat lunch, friendships on and off the job, and social games are _ norms.a.appearanceb.social arrangementc.performanced.leisuree.confluence(b; Moderate; Group Norms; p. 292)35.A local government work-crew cleans up parks and other public spaces. In this crew the dirtiest jobs are generally given to the newest members, while the more senior members of the crew tend to do little except draw their pay. What is the class of norms that encompasses arrangements like this?a.performance.b.appearancec.resource allocation d.financial rewardse.confluence(c; Moderate; Group Norms; p. 292) AACSB: Analytic Skills36.Which of the following is not a finding of Elton Mayos Hawthorne studies?a.A workers behavior and sentiments are closely related.b.Group standards are highly effective in establishing individual worker output.c.Money was less a factor in determining worker output than were group standards, sentiments, and security.d.Competition between groups will maximize group output.e.Group influences are significant in affecting individual behavior.(d; Challenging; The Hawthorne Studies; pp. 292-293)37.What term is used for the process by which an individuals desire for acceptance by the group and the pressure by the group on individual members to match its standards results in a change in individual attitudes and behaviors?a. conformityb. coercionc. commitmentd. convergencee. confluence(a; Easy; Conformity; p. 295)38.The major contribution of the Asch study was to demonstrate the impact of _.a.group pressuresb.seating arrangementsc.convergenced.statuse.cognitive dissonance(a; Moderate; Conformity; p. 295)39.What term is used for antisocial actions by organizational members who voluntarily violate established norms and that result in negative consequences for the organization, its members, or both?a. ethical dilemmasb. deviant workplace behaviorc. abnormal behaviord. discommitment behaviore. reactive affirmation behavior(b; Moderate; Deviant Workplace Behavior; p. 296)40.Sally works as a salesperson in a department store. Whenever a customer asks for an item that is in stock but not on display, she usually tells them that the product is out of stock. “Its a pain going into the stock-room to find an item,” says Sally. “Nobody in my department ever tells a customer the truth about what is in stock.” This example illustrates which of the following facts about deviant workplace behavior?a.Deviant workplace behavior will arise when tasks that an employee is supposed to perform are unpleasant or difficult.b.Most workers do not consider lying to a customer be deviant workplace behavior.c.Workers will lie to customers as long as the customers do not complain about it.d.Deviant workplace behavior flourishes where its supported by group norms.e.Groups will come to their own conclusions about what is and isnt appropriate. (d; Challenging; Deviant Workplace Behavior; p. 297) AACSB: Analytic Skills41.What term is used for the socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others?mande.magnus(c; Moderate; Status; p. 297)42.A group is most likely to tolerate deviation from a groups conformity norms by which of the following individuals?a.a high status individual who does not care about the social rewards the group providesb.a high status individual who is tightly integrated into the groups social structurec.a low status individual who has only recently entered the groupd.a low status individual who strongly wishes to integrate within the groupe.a low status individual who is not well regarded by the rest of the group(a; Moderate; Status; p. 298) AACSB: Analytic Skills43.Which of the following statements about status is not true?a. Status is an important motivator.b. Possession of personal characteristics that are positively valued by the group will give a member higher status.c. Low status members are given more freedom to deviate from norms than are other members.d. High status members are better able to resist conformity pressures than lower status members.e. Conformity is affected by status.(c; Moderate; Status; p. 298) AACSB: Analytic Skills44.High status people tend to _.a.be more assertiveb.assist morec.be more reflectived.have superior insighte.be well liked(a; Moderate; Status; p. 298)45.Your group is engaged in problem solving and your goal is fact-finding. Which of the following size group should be most effective?a.2b.4c.8d.10e.15(e; Easy; Group Size; p. 299)46.If your group must take action, which size should be most effective?a.3b.7c.12d.24e.100(b; Easy; Group Size; p. 299)47.What term is used for the tendency for individuals to spend less effort when working collectively?a.groupthinkb.the rule of diminishing returnsc.social loafingd.groupshifte.clustering(c; Easy; Social Loafing; p. 299)48.What did Ringelmann conclude after he compared the results of individual and group performance?a.The larger the group, the greater the individual productivity.b.Individual productivity goes down as group size goes up.c.Total productivity tends to decline in large groups.d.Group size is not a determinant of individual productivity.e.Groups served little purpose in organizations.(b; Moderate; Group Size and Productivity; p. 300)49.Which of the following is an effective means of countering social loafing?a.increase the rewards the group is given if it succeedsb.increase the amount by which the groups progress is vide means by which individual efforts can be identifiedd.increase the size of the groupe.increase the groups workload(c; Easy; Social Loafing; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic Skills50.What term is used for the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and are motivated to stay in the group? erdependence(a; Easy; Cohesiveness; p. 301)51.Which of the following is not likely to increase group cohesiveness?a.a high level of group productivityb.members spending a lot of time togetherc.the existence of external threatsd.the group is physically isolatede.bonding opportunities exist between members(a; Moderate; Cohesiveness and Productivity; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic Skills52.What will happen if group cohesiveness is high and performance norms are low?a.Internal conflict will be high.b.Internal conflict will be low.c.Productivity will be high.d.Productivity will be low.e.It will have little effect on internal conflict or productivity.(d; Moderate; Cohesiveness and Productivity; p. 301) AACSB: Analytic SkillsGroup Decision Making53.Group decisions are generally preferable to individual decisions when which of the following is sought?a.acceptance of the solution b.speedc.efficiencyd.clear responsibilitye.a conjunctive solution(a; Moderate; Strengths of Group Decision Making; p. 302) AACSB: Analytic Skills54.Which is not a weakness of group decision making?a. It is time consuming.b. There is less originality.c. It suffers from ambiguous responsibility.d. It can be dominated by one or a few members.e. Its not clear who is accountable for bad decisions.(b; Moderate; Weaknesses of Group Decision Making; p. 302) AACSB: Analytic Skills55.Individual decisions are generally preferable t