語法填空解題方法與技巧（教師版）.doc

語法填空解題方法與技巧要做好語法填空題，理解短文是解題的前提，扎實(shí)的詞匯、句型和語法知識(shí)是基礎(chǔ)，英語國(guó)家背景知識(shí)是必要的補(bǔ)充。對(duì)于高一學(xué)生來說，及時(shí)快速地掌握語法填空這種題型的解題方法與技巧是很重要的。因此在現(xiàn)階段的語法學(xué)習(xí)中就應(yīng)該做到學(xué)以致用并根據(jù)考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析歸納。二.解題方法及技巧1.通讀全文，把握大意。通讀全文的目的是為了把握全文的大意，為下一步填空做好語義上的準(zhǔn)備。因?yàn)檎Z義決定著空白處應(yīng)填一個(gè)什么樣的詞語并采用什么樣的語法形式。在通讀全文的過程中，為了準(zhǔn)確地把握其大意，很有必要弄清文章的題材，體裁，中心思想，寫作線索，篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，段落層次，邏輯關(guān)系，詞句理解等。這樣有助于考生真正讀懂文章大意，也有利于填空時(shí)進(jìn)行必要的邏輯推理。2.仔細(xì)閱讀，嘗試填空。在通讀全文，基本把握文章大意之后，就可以著手嘗試填空了。這一步是解題的關(guān)鍵，是一個(gè)對(duì)每個(gè)段落層次以及整個(gè)語篇中的詞匯、句子、語義、語言結(jié)構(gòu)和上下文語境進(jìn)行綜合分析并作出判斷的復(fù)雜的思維過程，也是對(duì)每個(gè)考生的英語語法基本功，英語語篇的感覺能力，和運(yùn)用英語思維的檢驗(yàn)過程。做題時(shí)，要求考生對(duì)空白處的詞性能作出迅速的判斷，對(duì)文章句子的結(jié)構(gòu)能作出準(zhǔn)確的分析。然后才能準(zhǔn)確無誤地填出答案。3.復(fù)讀全文，檢查答案。所有的空白處都填好了。這時(shí)，我們有必要把整篇文章從頭至尾復(fù)讀一遍。從語義和邏輯的角度審視全文，從詞義辨析，詞語搭配，和習(xí)慣用語等方方面面仔細(xì)推敲，看其語法是否正確，行文是否通順流暢，條理是否清晰，邏輯是否合理，是否符合語感。要仔細(xì)揣摩，準(zhǔn)確定奪。另外，還要特別注意單詞的拼寫，千萬不能犯由于單詞寫錯(cuò)而導(dǎo)致失分的低級(jí)錯(cuò)誤。三.以下題為例，談?wù)務(wù)Z法填空題的解題思路。閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或用括號(hào)中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空：A proverb says,“Time is money”. But in my opinion, time is even1precious than money. Why? _2_ when money is spent, we can earn it back. However, when time is _3_, it will never return._4_ is known to all that the time we can use is limited. Therefore we should make _5_ use of our time to study hard so as to serve our country in _6_ future.But it is a pity that there are a lot of people _7_ do not realize the value of time. They _8_their precious time smoking, drinking and playing.In a word, we should form the good habit of _9_ (save) time. Do not put off what can be done today_10_tomorrow.1.根據(jù)語法知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充第1題，由than可知，precious要用比較級(jí)，多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級(jí)在前面加more，故此題答案為more。第7題，因there are是個(gè)句子，do not應(yīng)是一個(gè)定語從句，缺主語，先行詞是人，應(yīng)填who。2.根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行填充就是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系來解題。第2題，因前句用Why提問，應(yīng)當(dāng)用Because來回答，故此題答案是Because。3.根據(jù)語篇標(biāo)志進(jìn)行填充語篇是指比單個(gè)句子長(zhǎng)的語言單位（句群、段落、篇章等）。語篇間往往有標(biāo)明內(nèi)在聯(lián)系的詞，我們稱這些詞為“語篇標(biāo)志詞”。如表示結(jié)構(gòu)層次的有first, second, third, finally等；表示邏輯關(guān)系的有thus，therefore，so等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系或變換話題的有however, but, by the way等。“語篇標(biāo)志詞”對(duì)迅速理清文章的脈絡(luò)，弄清上下文關(guān)系很有幫助。第3題，由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的However可知，是指當(dāng)時(shí)間失去的時(shí)候，表示“失去”是gone。第5題，由表示結(jié)果的Therefore可知，應(yīng)充分利用時(shí)間，故用形容詞full或good來修飾名詞use。4.根據(jù)固定詞組進(jìn)行填充熟練掌握一些常見的詞組，如as a matter of, be proud of, by the way, come from, congratulate.on., devote.to., earn ones living, keep ones word, make up ones mind等，對(duì)解題很有幫助。第6題，表示“在將來”是固定詞組in the future。5.根據(jù)句型搭配進(jìn)行填充就是根據(jù)一些常用的句型搭配，如so/such.that., it is.(for sb.) to do sth., there is no doubt that., there is no sense in doing sth.等來解題。第4題，做形式主語，用It，真正的主語是后面的that從句。6.根據(jù)詞匯知識(shí)進(jìn)行填充指根據(jù)某些詞語在用法上的特殊搭配來解題。如下列各類動(dòng)詞必須牢記：只能接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式做賓語的動(dòng)詞，只能接to do做賓語的動(dòng)詞，接to do做補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，接do做補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，接doing或done做補(bǔ)語的動(dòng)詞，對(duì)句式搭配要求較為特別的詞語，等等。第8題，由time smoking可想到是spend/waste time (in) doing句型，這是由spend/waste的用法所決定的；這里是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，填spend或waste。第9題，因of是介詞，介詞后的動(dòng)詞通常要用-ing形式，故填saving。7.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)進(jìn)行填充第10題，結(jié)合生活常識(shí)，不難理解句意為“不要把今天能做的事推遲到明天去做”，答案自然是表示“直到”的until/till。8.根據(jù)文化背景進(jìn)行填充如After the flood Mr. Deng was as poor as a church_.這句話的意思是“水災(zāi)后鄧先生一貧如洗了”。as poor as a church mouse（一貧如洗），所以此處填mouse?！镜湫屠}】閱讀下面的短文，根據(jù)上下文填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~語，或使用括號(hào)中的詞語的適當(dāng)形式填空。AEric Clapton is one of the most _1_(success) rock stars of all time. He has sold millions of copies of his records _2_ has appeared in concerts all over the world.Clapton was born in 1945 in a small town, _3_ is near London. When he was only two years old, his mother left him. Eric was brought _4_ by his grandparents. Until he was nine he believed that they were his parents and it was _5_ terrible shock when he found out that they werent. But his grandparents treated him well. They paid for him _6_(go) to art college. _7_ Eric had already become interested in music and he started playing the guitar in bars and clubs.Clapton first became famous when he started a group _8_ (call) Cream. Not only _9_ he play the guitar and sing but also he could write excellent songs. But while on stage he was the brilliant guitar-playing superstar, his private life was falling apart. _10_ his marriage broke off, he started taking drugs.【參考答案】1. successful2. and3. which4. up5. a6. to go7. But8. called9. could10. After本篇文章粗略地介紹了超級(jí)搖滾巨星Eric Clapton的生活。1.此處應(yīng)該填形容詞successful.2.他已經(jīng)出售了成百萬張唱片，而且也出現(xiàn)在全世界的音樂會(huì)上。前后兩部分在語義上是并列關(guān)系。因此填and.3.此處是非限制性定語從句，先行詞是地點(diǎn)，在從句中缺少主語，故用which.4.當(dāng)他兩歲的時(shí)候，他媽媽就離開了他。Eric當(dāng)然是由爺爺奶奶撫養(yǎng)長(zhǎng)大。因此我們填brought up.此處是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。5.當(dāng)他了解到他們不是（他的父母親時(shí)），那是一個(gè)非常糟糕的打擊。shock在這里是抽象名詞具體化，因此用不定冠詞a.6.但是爺爺奶奶對(duì)他很好，他們出錢讓他去美術(shù)學(xué)院。Pay for sb. to do sth.7.但是Eric已經(jīng)對(duì)音樂產(chǎn)生了興趣，他開始在酒吧和夜總會(huì)彈吉他。此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，用But.8.他創(chuàng)辦了一個(gè)名叫Cream的樂隊(duì)，由此就成名了。a group和call之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此我們填called，過去分詞短語做后置定語。9.根據(jù)后半句也可知。他不僅能邊彈吉他邊唱歌，而且還能寫優(yōu)秀的歌曲。10.在舞臺(tái)上，他是一個(gè)才華橫溢的超級(jí)巨星。（但是）他的私生活卻在逐步地土崩瓦解。在他的婚姻生活結(jié)束之后，他開始了吸毒。根據(jù)文章的意思，此處應(yīng)該用介詞after.【模擬試題】（一）仔細(xì)閱讀下面的短文，短文中有10個(gè)空格。請(qǐng)根據(jù)語境或按照括號(hào)內(nèi)的具體要求完成語法填空。Soon after David left college, one of his uncles, who was rich and had no_1_of his own died and left David a lot of money, so he decided to_2_(短語動(dòng)詞) his own real estate agency.He found a nice office,_3_(buy) some new furniture and moved in. He had only been there for a few hours when he heard someone coming_4_the door of his office.“Its my first customer!” he thought. He quickly picked up_5_(冠詞) telephone and pretended to be very busy_6_an important call from someone in New York_7_wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.The man knocked at the door_8_this was going on, came in and waited_9_(polite) for the agent to finish his conversation. Then he said to him, “Im from the telephone company, and I_10_(send) here to connect your telephone.”（二）仔細(xì)閱讀下面短文，短文中有10個(gè)空格。請(qǐng)按照每小題的語法要求，完成語法填空或詞形變換。Experiments have proved that children can_1_(instruct)in swimming at a very early age. At a special swimming pool in Los Angeles, children become expert at_2_their breath under water even before they can walk._3_of two months old do not appear to be reluctant to enter the water. It is not long_4_they are so accustomed to swimming_5_they can pick up weights from the floor of the pool. A game that is very popular with these young_6_(swim) is the underwater tricycle race. Tricycles are lined up on the floor of the pool seven feet under water. The children compete against each other to reach the other end of the pool. Many pedal their tricycles,_7_most of them prefer to push or drag them. Some children_8_(情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)cover the whole length of the pool_9_(介詞)coming up for breath even once. Whether they will ever become future Olympic champions, only time will tell. Meanwhile, they should encourage_10_(代詞) among us who cannot swim five yards before they are gasping for air.【試題答案】（一）1. children由left David a lot of money可知，David的叔叔沒有自己的孩子。2. set up指“創(chuàng)辦”公司。3. bought由前面的found和后面的and moved可知，三個(gè)動(dòng)詞是并列的，即A，B and C。4. towards由heard someone comin