定語從句(全).doc

定語從句高考考點I、重點難點解析 定語從句是英語語法中的重點。除了在語法填空中會考到，在基礎寫作和任務型寫作中正確恰當?shù)剡\用定語從句是作文得高分的關鍵。另外，在閱讀理解中正確理解定語從句也至關重要。常見考點：1.指物時只用that 或which 的情況2.介詞+關系代詞3.Whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式4.as 與which的區(qū)別5.指人時that 與who的區(qū)別6.如何判斷用關系副詞還是關系代詞7.定語從句中的主謂一致問題一、定語從句的概念在復合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語從句，在句中起定語的作用.被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞。引導定語從句的詞叫關系代詞或關系副詞。如：The man who lives next to us is a policeman. 先行詞 關系代詞 定語從句二、關系代詞和關系副詞的用法： 關系代詞和關系副詞又稱關系詞，用來引導定語從句、代替先行詞并在從句中擔當一個成分。其用法見下表：定語從句的關系詞詞例先行詞充當成分例句關系代詞who人主語This is the doctor who saved my life .whom人賓語She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you .that人&物主語、賓語（指人相當于who或whom，指物相當于which）which物主語、賓語1. Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 2.The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting.as物主語、賓語The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.whose=of whomof which人&物定語The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams關系副詞when=atinonduring which時間狀語Well never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded.where=atinto which地點狀語This is the house where he lived.why=for which原因狀語I know the reason why she works so well.三、限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句從句與先行詞的關系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標 點從句和主句之間不用逗號分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開關系代詞指人who (that) whom指人who（作主語）whom（做賓語）指物which (that)指物which人和物的whose人和物的whose關系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去關系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾一個名詞或代詞可以修飾一個詞也可修飾整個主句翻譯定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子四、關系詞的選用1只能用that做關系代詞的情況：只能用that做關系代詞的情況例句1當先行詞是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代詞時(something除外)Pay attention to everything that I do.2當先行詞被All, every, no, some, any, little, much等修飾時He has little time that he can spare.3當先行詞被序高考資源網(wǎng)數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時This is the best novel (that) have read.4如果出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的先行詞，并同時兼指人和物時They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school.5當先行詞被the only, the last, the way, the same等等修飾時This is the last time that I I want to see you.6.在疑問詞who, which, what開頭的特殊疑問句中,為了避免重復只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about history.7當定語從句為there be 句型時，關系代詞只能用that,也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is to Beijing.8當指人或物的關系代詞在定語從句中做表語時，關系代詞只能用that,也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was. 2指物只能用which 不用that的情況:只能用which 不用that的情況:例句1在非限制性定語從句中St Petersburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city.2在介詞后面This is the room in which we lived last year.3指人時只能用who不用 that的情況: 只能用who不用 that的情況例句1先行詞為one, ones，those，anyone，he時 Those who break the law must be punished.4 as與whichas與which均可引導非限制性定語從句，有時可以互換，但下列情況多用as: 多用as的情況:例句1與such或the same連用時，一般用asSuch books as you read are interestingSuch money as he earned was spent on books.2as 引導的從句可以放在句首, as 表“正如.正象”之意As we all know, the earth is round.五、定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應該與它的先行詞保持一致:1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Dont choose me, who am not fit for this jobII、實戰(zhàn)演練用恰當?shù)年P系代詞或關系副詞填空： 1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily? 3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here. 4. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.5. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police. 6. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.7. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all _ you have told him.8. Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?9. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.10. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.11. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during World War . 12. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well. 13. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?14. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.15. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. 、定語從句解題模板模板一 考查基本關系代詞&關系副詞解題步驟：1） 確定空格前的名詞（找到先行詞）2） 把這個名詞放入空格中，看整個定語從句是否通順3） 若通順則填關系代詞4） 若不通順則需在名詞前加介詞介詞+關系代詞填關系副詞特例：reason，way等1Do you still remember the chicken farm _we visited three months ago?（05春招）Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhat2Did Jack come back early last night?（05福建）Yes. It was not yet eight oclock he arrived home.Abefore BwhenCthat Duntil3I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.（05遼寧）Awhich BwhenCwhere Dthat4Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game .（05全國）Awhy Bwhat Cwho Dthat5Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.（05浙江）Awho Bthat Cas Dwhich6A warm thought suddenly came to me_I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday（06安徽）Aif BwhenCthat Dwhich7Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.（06北京）Awho; 不填 B不填; who Cwho; who D不填; 不填8With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action.（06湖南）Awhich BthatCwhat Dwhether9Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes ,theres one point_we must insist on.（06江西）Awhy BwhereChowD/10In an hour, we can travel to places would have taken our ancestors days to reach.（06上海）Awhere BwhenCwhichDwhat11.Its thirty years since we last met. But I still remember the story, believe it or not,_ we got lost on a rainy night.（06四川）A. which B. that C. what D. when12. Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _ we worked. 2007 山東卷 Athat Bthere Cwhich Dwhere 13. After graduation she reached a point in her career_ she heeded to decide what to do. 2007 江西卷 A.that B.what C.which D.where14. Some pre-school children go to a day care center, _they learn simple games and songs. 2007 全國卷I A. then B. there C. while D. where15. Today, well discuss a number of cases _ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 2007 陜西卷A.which B.as C.why D.where16. The thought of going back home was _ kept him happy while he was working abroad2007 上海春Athat Ball that Call whatDwhich17. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. 2007 天津卷A. when B. whose C. which D. where18. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.（2008重慶）A. where B. there C. which D. when19. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with the kids. （2008山東）A. who B. which C. why D. when20. Ill give you y friends home address, _ I can be reached most evenings. （2008北京卷）A. which B. when C. whom D. where21. All the neighbor admire this family. _the parents are treating their child like a friend. （2008安徽卷）A. why B. where C. which D. that22. What do you think of teaching, Bob?I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting.（09北京）A. where B. Which C. When D. that23. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.（09福建A. that B. when C. which D. where24. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.（09江西）A. what B. which C. that D. though25. News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.（09四川）A. which B. what C. that D. where26.Is there any possibility_you could pick me up at the airport ?No problem （09浙江）A when B that C whether D what 27. We should consider the students request _the school library provide more books on popular science.（09重慶）A. that B. when C. which D. where28. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister _ she would stay for an hour. (2010江西卷)A. whereB. whoC. whichD. what29. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. (2010天津卷)A. asB. whichC. whereD. that30. A bank is the place _ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain. (2011浙江卷)A. whenB. thatC. whereD. there31. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. (2011福建卷)A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who 32. Youll find taxis waiting at the bus station _ you can hire to reach your host family. (2011上海卷)A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as33. The days are gone _ physical strength was all you needed to make a living. (2011天津卷)A. whenB. thatC. whereD. which模板二 介詞加關系代詞解題步驟：31. 看空格前的名詞32. 看空格后的動詞或名詞 33. 當能構(gòu)成”v. + prep. + n. ”（動詞和名詞的搭配）的組合或the + n. + prep. + n. (名詞和名詞的搭配)時，就能確定填什么介詞了。如: I know the subject _ they are talking.空格前名詞subject，空格后動詞talk。Talk about the subject. 而subject又是東西不是人，得出填about which。注意：1）若空格左右有數(shù)詞(five)、代詞(those)等，則選介詞of; 空格前名詞指人，用whom; 空格后名詞指物，用which； 2）非限制性定語從句中which可指“，”前面一整句話1. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. (2004全國卷)A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which2The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _ the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.（05江蘇）Awhich; whereBat which; whichCat which; whereDwhich; in which3The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _ they are being trained.（05江西）Ain thatBfor thatCin whichDfor which4I have many friends , _some are businessmen .（05全國）Aof them Bfrom which Cwho of Dof whom5He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge.（05山東）Afrom which Bafter that Cafter which Dfrom this6. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.（05天津）A. that B. whose C. those D. what7Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.（06福建）AwhoseBwhichCof whichDthat8We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us, _we gave some bells and glasses.（06湖南）Ato whichBto whomCwith whomDwith which9I was given three books on cooking, the first_I really enjoyed.（06浙江）Aof thatBof which CthatDwhich10. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. 2007 安徽卷A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom11. We shouldnt spent our money testing so many people,most of _are healthy2007 北京卷A. that B.which C. what D. whom12 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University. 2007 江蘇卷A. after whichB. after thatC. in which D. in that13. It is reported that two schools，_ are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 2007 四川卷Athey both Bwhich both Cboth of them Dboth of which14. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007 重慶卷A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which15. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. 2007 遼寧卷A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this16. By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _ appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008福建）A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which17. The man pulled out a gold watch, _were made of small diamonds. (2008陜西卷)A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands ofC. which the hands of D. the hands of which18.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _are beyond our control. (2008湖南卷)A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that19. Villagers here depend on the fishing industry._ there wont be much work. (2008上海春招) A. where B. that C. by which D. without which20. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _ New York is an example. （2008四川卷）A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which21. We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas. (2008年上海卷)A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which22Many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village（09安徽）Atheir BwhoseCof them Dwith whom23. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city _ name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.（09湖南）A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose24Gun control is a subject _ Americans have argued for a long time.（09陜西）Aof which Bwith which Cabout which Dinto which25. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.（09天津）A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever26. The newly built caf, the walls of _ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, specially after hard work. (2010江蘇卷)A. thatB. itC. whatD. which27. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city. (2010浙江卷)A. whomB. whichC. themD. thos28. Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near future. (2010上海卷)A. on whichB. by whichC. to whichD. from which答案：1-5 CCDDC 6-10 BABBD 11-15 DADBB 16-20 DDBDC 21-25 CBDCC模板三AS, WHICH引導非限制性定語從句修飾整個主句解題步驟）：1. 看空格位置，如果在句首，選As2. 若空格不在句首，看空格前后句意關系，如果被修飾的是整個主句，就在as, which中選3. 表示“正如，就像”，選as；表示否定意義、復合結(jié)構(gòu)，選which注意：“，”后絕不能接that1The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running , _meant spending tens of thousands of pounds .（06江蘇）AwhoBthat Cas Dwhich2. His movie won several awards at the film festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. 2007 上海卷A. whichB. thatC. where D. it3. By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, _ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. 2007 湖南卷A. who B. which C. what D. that 4Chans restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. 2007 浙江卷A. that B. which C. who D. where 5. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. （2008江蘇卷）A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where6. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. （全國卷II）A. it B. what C. which D. that7. Whenever I met her,_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.（09山東）A.who B.which C. when D. that8. After graduating from college, I took some time off to go traveling, _ turned out to be a wise decision. (2010四川卷)A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where9. Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, _, of course, made all the others upset. (2011北京卷)A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that10. Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T-shirt, _ is a stupid thing to do in such weather.(2011全國II卷)A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which答案：1-7 DABBACB、陷阱題1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _ high mountains.A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand？” A. that B. which C. where D. what3. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What4. _ is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What5. David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. t