定語從句關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別學(xué)案.doc

定語從句關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的區(qū)別適用學(xué)科英語適用年級(jí)高三適用區(qū)域通用課時(shí)時(shí)長（分鐘）60分鐘知識(shí)點(diǎn)定語從句教學(xué)目標(biāo)知識(shí)目標(biāo)：1、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別；2、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句；3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句；4、定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別；能力目標(biāo)：能夠選擇正確的關(guān)系詞。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)1. 定語從句關(guān)系詞的選用；2. 只能that或which的情況；教學(xué)難點(diǎn)1. which和as的區(qū)別； 2. whose 用法及轉(zhuǎn)換形式；3. 介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞的選用及位置(介詞短語和動(dòng)詞短語)；4. 定語從句中的特殊情況。教學(xué)過程一、復(fù)習(xí)預(yù)習(xí)教師引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)上節(jié)課留的作業(yè)，進(jìn)行評價(jià)并講解。二、知識(shí)講解1、功能：相當(dāng)于_，修飾_或_，在句中作_。2、位置：定語從句置于_。Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行詞：_的詞稱為先行詞。（1）先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣可作先行詞。（2）先行詞與關(guān)系詞是等量關(guān)系。必須注意兩點(diǎn)： 先行詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由_而定。 This is the place which is worth visiting. 關(guān)系詞在從句句子中充當(dāng)了成分，其意思就是_的意義，所以在從句中不能重復(fù)其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的都稱關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞：_, _, _, _, _, _。關(guān)系副詞：_,_,_。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞。5、確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找_，看_指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中_。6、在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況的關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被_ _ 被_、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為_、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。（3）先行詞中既有_又有_時(shí)。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞_時(shí)。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?7、宜用which而不用that的情況 （1）在_中 （2）在關(guān)系詞前有_時(shí) （3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是_時(shí) （4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)8、關(guān)系詞who與that指人時(shí)，也有不同情況分別用不同的關(guān)系詞（1）當(dāng)主句是there be句型時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（2）先行詞是為anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用who。（3）當(dāng)主句是who作疑問詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that。 Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在從句中只作賓語，可被who取代。 9、whose作關(guān)系詞既指_又指_，在從句中作_。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、關(guān)系代詞as,在從句中作主語、賓語和表語。 （1）先行詞被_和_修飾，或句型as many（much）中，從句都用as 引導(dǎo)。 Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age.注意：區(qū)別such that 引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引導(dǎo)定語從句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）無先行詞的定語從句用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“_”。位置上：as 從句可置_，也可在_。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.11、關(guān)系副詞when與where、why、thatwhen 指_ = in / at / on / during whichwhere指_ = in / at / from / whichwhy指_ = for which當(dāng)先行詞為way、day、reason、time時(shí)，可用_作關(guān)系副詞。（非正式場合）I dont like the way that / in which / he talks.當(dāng)time作先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必須注意的問題 （1）關(guān)系詞作主語時(shí)，從句中謂語的數(shù)。 （2）注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.( _) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（_） （3）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that_。有時(shí)可省略。 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that_，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated. _) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.( _) （4）關(guān)系詞在從句中省略的情況。 關(guān)系詞作賓語，前無介詞時(shí)。 關(guān)系詞作表語。 （5）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的翻譯。 （6）關(guān)系詞前有介詞或復(fù)雜介詞，關(guān)系詞只能是which和whom。 （7）幾個(gè)特殊的定語從句句型：He is the only one of the students who_ got very good marks in the match.（句中_為先行詞）He is one of the students who _ got good marks in the match.（句中_為先行詞） Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday？ Is this the place (that / which) we visited yesterday? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening.It may rain, in which case the match will be put off.考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1先行詞一般是名詞和不定代詞，如:some-, any-, every-和no與-boy, -thing的合成詞或all、none、any、some、that、those等代詞。數(shù)詞也可以作先行詞，人稱代詞也同樣作先行詞?？键c(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)2關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why。that偶爾也作關(guān)系副詞?？键c(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)3確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞??？键c(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)4關(guān)系詞宜用that而不用which（1）先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí) 序數(shù)詞 被 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修飾時(shí)。（2）先行詞為all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything等不定代詞時(shí)。（3）先行詞中既有人又有物時(shí)。 He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus.（4）先行詞在主句中作表語關(guān)系詞在從句中作表語時(shí)。 The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago.（5）當(dāng)主句中含有疑問詞which時(shí)。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)5用which而不用that的情況 （1）在非限制性定語從句中 （2）在關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí) （3）當(dāng)先行詞本身是that時(shí) （4）當(dāng)關(guān)系詞離先行詞較遠(yuǎn)時(shí)考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)6用as和which引導(dǎo)。區(qū)別：意義上：as 含有“這點(diǎn)正如一樣”。位置上：as 從句可置句首，也可在另處。He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)7注意區(qū)別定語從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句。 定語從句中關(guān)系詞作從句成分，復(fù)合句。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it無意義，that / who不是引導(dǎo)詞。 強(qiáng)調(diào)it is / was和that / who后如果句子意思講得通則是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，講不通則不是。 It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定語從句) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（強(qiáng)調(diào)句）考點(diǎn)/易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)8定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別。 定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被稱為關(guān)系詞，that充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語。有時(shí)可省略。 同位語從句引導(dǎo)詞被叫做連詞，that不能充當(dāng)任何成分，不可省。 Word came that their army was defeated.(同位語) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定語)三、例題精析【例題1】The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. A. until B. that C. when D. where【答案】【解析】【例題2】_ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What【答案】【解析】【例題3】After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when【答案】【解析】四、課堂運(yùn)用【基礎(chǔ)】1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. thoseD. what【答案】【解析】2. Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union.A. during which timeB. for which timeC. during whose timeD. by that time【答案】【解析】3. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. howB. whichC. whereD. that【答案】【解析】4. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which【答案】【解析】【鞏固】1. New York, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. A. that B. whichC. when D. in which 【答案】【解析】 2. I can think of many cases _students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldnt write a good essay.A. why B. whichC. as D. where【答案】【解析】3. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real name D. whose real name【答案】【解析】【拔高】1_is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingA. It B. As C. That D. What【答案】【解析】2. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A who B. asC. about which D. with whom【答案】【解析】 3Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place.A. when B. whereC. what D. which【答案】【解析】 課程小結(jié)知識(shí)：1、定語從句中關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別；2、限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句；3、“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句；4、定語從句和同位語從句的區(qū)別；5、定語從句的分割現(xiàn)象等。方法：確定關(guān)系詞的步驟（1）先找關(guān)系詞，看先行詞指的是什么。（2）看關(guān)系詞在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。?）關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別及具體關(guān)系詞的選用。課后作業(yè)【基礎(chǔ)】1. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where 2. I was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, a city name will create a picture of beautiful trees and green grass in our mind.A. which B. of which C. that D. whose3. My friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 4. What do you think of teacher, Bob？I find it fun and challenging. It is a job _ you are doing something serious but interesting. A. where B. which C. when D. that 5. The road conditions there turned out to be very good, _was more than we could expect.A.it B.what C.which D.that【鞏固】6. Ill give you my friends home address, I can be reached most evenings. A.whichB.whenC.whomD.where7. All the neighbors admire this family, the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that8. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readersconsumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which9.