人教版高中英語必修一Unit1語法知識.doc

-WORD格式-可編輯-GrammarDirect and Indirect Speech 直接引語和間接引語（）直接引語(direct speech):直接引用別人的話, 把它放在引號內(nèi)。 間接引語(indirect speech):用自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話。1.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的陳述陳述句She said , “Im going to Beijing.”She said that she was going to Beijing.2.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的疑問一般疑問句He asked, “Are you a doctor?”He asked me if/whether I was a doctor.3.轉(zhuǎn)述他人的問題特殊疑問句 She asked, “What are you doing?”She asked me what I was doing.直接引語變成間接引語, 句子結(jié)構(gòu)的變化陳述句用連詞that引導(dǎo), that在口語中常省略。主句的謂語動詞可直接用引語中的said, 也可用told來代替, 注意, 可以說said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that, 不可直接說 told that。He said, “I have been to Japan.” He said to us that he had been to Japan. She said, “Ill give you an exam tomorrow.” She told us that she would give us an exam tomorrow. 陳述句解題步驟:“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.Sarah said to her friends that (I dont like computers.) She didnt Sarah said to her friends that she didnt like computers.一般疑問句間接引語用連詞whether或if引導(dǎo), 原主句中謂語動詞said要改為asked (me/him/us等), 語序是陳述句的語序Tom said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?” Tom asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with English. He said, “You are interested in English, arent you?” He asked whether I was interested in English. 一般疑問句解題步驟:Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?( They asked him )It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if (it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.) Asked is wasThey asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.特殊疑問句原來的疑問詞作為間接引語的連詞, 主句的謂語動詞用ask (sb.) 來表達, 語序改為陳述句語序。He said to me, “Where are you from?” He asked me where I was from. He asked us, “How many factories are there in your country?” He asked us how many factories there were in our country. 特殊疑問句解題步驟：When do you harvest the wheat?( They asked him )They asked him When you harvest the wheat （you harvest the wheat.) he HarvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.選擇疑問句用whetheror表達(不用if/eitheror)He asked, “Do you speak English or Chinese?” He asked me whether I spoke English or Chinese. I asked, “Will you take a bus or on foot?” I asked him whether he would take a bus or on foot. 謂語動詞時態(tài)變化需要注意幾點：1. 直接引語表述的是客觀真理, 變?yōu)殚g接引語時, 時態(tài)不變。The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.2. 如果直接引語所表述的內(nèi)容在目前和說話時同樣有效, 變間接引語時, 時態(tài)可不變。The children said, “We love this game.”The children told us that they love that game.3. 主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時態(tài), 在引述時, 時態(tài)不變。She says, “Ill never forget the days in the country.”She says that shell never forget the days in the country.Driect speechIndirectspeechSentencestructurestatementsay/tellsb.(that)+從句一般疑問句ask/wonderwhether/if+陳述句語序特殊疑問句ask/wonderwh-word+陳述句語序在直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時需要注意的變化1. 注意時態(tài)的變化2. 注意人稱和指示代詞變化3. 注意時間和地點的變化4. 注意個別趨向動詞的變化He said he played football was playing had played had played would play had playedAttention:There are some cases in which we dont need to change the tense in indirect speech