高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法填空--1冠詞.docx

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除第一集語(yǔ)法填空核心考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)突破冠詞與名詞共生共存【考向聚焦】冠詞是虛詞，本身不能單獨(dú)使用，也沒(méi)有詞義，常放在名詞前面幫助說(shuō)明名詞的含義。冠詞分為不定冠詞a，an和定冠詞the兩種?？v觀(guān)近三年高考題可知，冠詞一直是必考內(nèi)容。其考查的重點(diǎn)主要有：冠詞的基本用法；在固定結(jié)構(gòu)中和具體語(yǔ)境中的用法；冠詞的特殊用法；冠詞在句子中的位置。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P1用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空1(2013福建，21)The “Chinese Dream” is _ dream to improve peoples wellbeing and _ dream of harmony，peace and development.解析考查冠詞。根據(jù)句意，中國(guó)夢(mèng)是一個(gè)的夢(mèng)和一個(gè)的夢(mèng)，可知，兩空都用不定冠詞a。答案a；a2(2013江西，32)Animals are obviously _ lower form of life than _ man.解析考查冠詞。第一空表示“一種生命的形式”；第二空man表“人類(lèi)”，不用冠詞。答案a；不填3(2013山東，22)It was_cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across_night sky.解析考查冠詞用法。第一空“一個(gè)寒冷的冬夜”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a；第二空“夜空”，指獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物用定冠詞the。答案a；the4(2013江西，19)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.解析考查冠詞。第一空指獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物用the；第二空為固定短語(yǔ)，表示在多少世紀(jì)“in theth century”，需加定冠詞。答案the；the5(2013浙江，15)People develop _ preference for a particular style of learning at _ early age and these preferences affect learning.解析考查冠詞。短語(yǔ)a preference for.意為“對(duì)的偏好”；at an early age意為“在年紀(jì)很小時(shí)”，故均填不定冠詞。答案a；an6(2013重慶，32)The parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.解析考查冠詞。第一空news后帶有that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句，故應(yīng)該特指；第二空譯為“他們的兒子需要做一個(gè)手術(shù)”，使用不定冠詞。答案the；an7(2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó))Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction.解析考查冠詞的用法。句意：Sarah滿(mǎn)意地看著那幅完工的油畫(huà)。根據(jù)painting前的修飾成分finished可知是特指那幅畫(huà)；后一個(gè)空格后的satisfaction是抽象名詞并且表示泛指，不用冠詞。答案the；不填8(2012安徽)Carl is studying _ food science at college and hopes to open up _ meat processing factory of his own one day.解析考查冠詞。句意：卡爾正在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)食品科學(xué)，他希望有一天能夠開(kāi)辦一家自己的肉類(lèi)加工廠(chǎng)。第一空，food science意為“食品科學(xué)”，為表示抽象概念的名詞，其前不應(yīng)用冠詞。第二空，中心詞為factory，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a。答案不填；a9(2011山東)Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant.解析考查冠詞。句意：不用急，從這里到飯店只有一小段距離。a short distance表示“一小段距離”；由語(yǔ)境可知restaurant指雙方都知道的那個(gè)飯店，所以用定冠詞the。答案a；the10(2011浙江)Experts think that _ recently discovered painting may be _ Picasso.解析考查冠詞的用法。第一空表示“那幅最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的畫(huà)”，是特指概念，用定冠詞the；第二空表示“一幅畢加索的畫(huà)”，故用不定冠詞a。答案the；a自查自糾表題號(hào)12345678910得分考點(diǎn)正誤思考我的盲點(diǎn)：我將_。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P2不定冠詞的用法【典例1】 We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world.(2009安徽)解析兩個(gè)空都是不可數(shù)名詞表示泛指，所以都用不定冠詞。句意：如果我們不創(chuàng)造一個(gè)環(huán)境污染更少的世界，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不能期望擁有一片更藍(lán)的天空。答案a；a【典例2】 It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like _ man.(2011全國(guó))解析句意：人們普遍認(rèn)為男孩子就該學(xué)會(huì)站起來(lái)像男人一樣去奮斗?？疾楣谠~。boy和man均為可數(shù)名詞，都是泛指，故前面應(yīng)該用不定冠詞。答案a；a【典例3】 First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression.(2010北京)解析第一空修飾限定chance用不定冠詞，a second表示“又一次”，“再一次”。第二空修飾impression，泛指，所以用不定冠詞。答案a；a【典例4】 Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times.(2012山東)解析考查冠詞。第一空，drink前應(yīng)用不定冠詞，表示“一杯飲料”；第二空，comfort前面加不定冠詞，表示“一個(gè)給人安慰的物品”，所以?xún)蓚€(gè)空都要用不定冠詞。答案a；a1I dont think the experiment is _ failure.At least we have gained _ experience for future.解析failure意為“失敗的事”，表示抽象名詞具體化，故第一個(gè)空填不定冠詞a；experience意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”，是不可數(shù)名詞，故前面不填冠詞。答案a；不填2Italy is _ most attractive European country and how I wish I would go there for_ second time.解析考查冠詞的用法。第一個(gè)空后的most不是構(gòu)成最高級(jí)，而是“非常，很，十分”的意思，因此前面用不定冠詞，a most attractive European country意為“一個(gè)非常迷人的歐洲國(guó)家”；第二個(gè)空表示“又一，再一”，所以序數(shù)詞前應(yīng)用不定冠詞。答案a；a3I dont know who invented _ telephone，but its really _ most wonderful invention.解析the telephone特指電話(huà)這類(lèi)事物；a most wonderful invention意為“一項(xiàng)非常奇妙的發(fā)明”。答案the；a4George couldnt remember when he first met Mr.Anderson，but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church.解析一個(gè)星期天表述為a Sunday，be at church意為“在做禮拜”，不用冠詞。答案a；不填不定冠詞的用法泛指單數(shù)和首提，某個(gè)/每個(gè)/又一個(gè)；物質(zhì)名詞具體化，相同還是抽象詞；三餐四季有修飾，感嘆句中有名單。泛指的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前和首次提到的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前；表示又一個(gè)，某一個(gè)(a second；a certain.)具體化的物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞前(a success，a surprise.)有修飾詞的三餐和四季前(a wonderful supper，a warm winter)感嘆句中有單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。(How lovely a girl！)定冠詞的用法【典例5】 As is known to all，_ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world.(2011陜西)解析句意：眾所周知，中華人民共和國(guó)是世界上最大的發(fā)展中國(guó)家?？疾楣谠~。Peoples Republic of China“中華人民共和國(guó)”是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞，前面通常用定冠詞；第二空后是形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故用定冠詞。答案the；the【典例6】 I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.It is not your fault.With _ rushhour traffic and _ heavy rain，it is no wonder you were late.解析由句意可知，traffic和rain均為特指，故應(yīng)加定冠詞。答案the；the【典例7】 What I need is _ book that contains _ ABC of oil painting.解析句意：我所需要的是一本含有油畫(huà)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的書(shū)。第一個(gè)空表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；第二個(gè)空后有of oil painting修飾，表特指，應(yīng)用定冠詞。答案a；the【典例8】 The biggest whale is _ blue whale，which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9story building.解析the blue whale特指“藍(lán)鯨”這類(lèi)動(dòng)物；第二個(gè)空表泛指，a 9story building意為“一座9層高的大樓”。答案the；a5Obama has been elected _ first black President of the United States，and the international society expects to have _ new USA under his leadership.解析第一個(gè)空表示順序，所以序數(shù)詞first前應(yīng)填定冠詞the，第二個(gè)空表示地點(diǎn)的專(zhuān)有名詞USA前有形容詞new修飾，故用不定冠詞來(lái)限定。答案the；a6_ Chinas growth is not _ threat to others.On _ contrary，it will bring more opportunities to the world.解析句意：中國(guó)的發(fā)展不是對(duì)別的國(guó)家的一個(gè)威脅。相反，它會(huì)給世界帶來(lái)更多的機(jī)遇。China(中國(guó))屬于專(zhuān)有名詞，故與零冠詞連用；threat(對(duì)別人構(gòu)成威脅的人或物)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，故第二空用不定冠詞；on the contrary固定搭配，故用定冠詞。on the contrary是固定短語(yǔ)，China為專(zhuān)有名詞，不與冠詞連用。答案不填；a；the7Last Sunday，we took _ guided walk around by _ signs of the famous town.解析take a walk為習(xí)慣用法，故第一空用不定冠詞；第二空特指那個(gè)著名城鎮(zhèn)里的指示牌，故用定冠詞。答案a；the8Eggs are sold by _ dozen while the meat is charged by _ weight.解析第一個(gè)空表示“bythe計(jì)量單位名詞”；第二個(gè)空為固定短語(yǔ)by weight意為“按重量”。句意：雞蛋按打出售，而肉按重量出售。答案the；不填定冠詞的用法(口訣)特指雙熟悉，上文已提及；世上獨(dú)無(wú)二，序數(shù)最高級(jí)；某些專(zhuān)有名，習(xí)語(yǔ)和樂(lè)器。特指某些人或事物；談話(huà)雙方都熟悉的人或事物；上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事物；世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前；序數(shù)詞、形容詞的最高級(jí)前；某些專(zhuān)有名詞前；一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如in the day等)中和西洋樂(lè)器名詞前(如：play the piano)零冠詞的用法【典例9】 Sam has been appointed _ manager of the engineering department to take _ place of George.(2012重慶)解析句意：山姆被任命為工程部經(jīng)理，取代了喬治。表示頭銜或職位的名詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)時(shí)，前面不用冠詞；take the place of是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“代替”，“取代”。答案不填；the【典例10】 Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world.(2009江西)解析第一個(gè)空后的air pollution是不可數(shù)名詞，而且是泛指，所以不需要填任何冠詞；第二個(gè)空后的weather被around the world修飾，所以weather前需要加定冠詞the。答案不填；the【典例11】 Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them _ pleasure.解析考查冠詞。句意：去上海欣賞世博會(huì)帶給人們快樂(lè)，這是一個(gè)非常好的感覺(jué)。feeling作為感覺(jué)講為可數(shù)名詞。pleasure作為快樂(lè)、歡樂(lè)講為不可數(shù)名詞。答案a；不填【典例12】 Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.解析考查冠詞。句意：許多生活方式對(duì)人類(lèi)的健康有害，他們加速了人類(lèi)身體的衰退。do harm to表示“對(duì)有害”，中間無(wú)需冠詞；the weakening of the human body特指人體的衰弱。答案不填；the9Dr.Peter Spence，_ headmaster of the school，told us，“_ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”解析句意：這所學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)Peter Spence博士告訴我們：“這里五分之一的學(xué)生都繼續(xù)到牛津或者劍橋?qū)W習(xí)?！笨疾楣谠~。第一空后的名詞headmaster是職務(wù)的稱(chēng)呼，其前不加冠詞；第二空是分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)，用a/one fifth表示“五分之一”。答案不填；A10The bus to the Forbidden City runs on _ hour by _ hour.解析句意：去紫禁城的公交車(chē)按小時(shí)整點(diǎn)發(fā)車(chē)。on the hour“整點(diǎn)”，by the hour“按小時(shí)計(jì)算”。答案the；the11The development of industry has been _ gradual process throughout _ human existence，from stone tools to modern technology.答案a；不填12The Smiths dont usually like staying at _ hotels，but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.答案不填；the不用冠詞的情況口訣下列情況應(yīng)免冠，代詞限定名詞前：專(zhuān)有名詞表泛指，學(xué)科球類(lèi)三餐前；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，兩節(jié)星期月份前；顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名，稱(chēng)呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)對(duì)“免冠”的幾種情況，即：名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)的this，that，some，my等限定詞；泛指的專(zhuān)有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前；表示學(xué)科的(如English，maths，physics)等名詞前；球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱(chēng)前；復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類(lèi)人或事物)時(shí)；節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前；表示顏色(如：Its red/yellow)、語(yǔ)種(如：speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱(chēng)名詞(如：We live in China.They come from America.)前；在稱(chēng)呼或表示頭銜的名詞前；某些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)中(如：in bed，go to school等)。對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生用書(shū)P4用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空1(2013鄭州一模)_ M(m)oney plays an important role in _ material world.But you cant expect it to give you real happiness.解析句意：錢(qián)在物質(zhì)世界中扮演著重要的角色，但是你不能期望它給你帶來(lái)真正的快樂(lè)。第一空表泛指，不用冠詞；第二個(gè)空表特指，用定冠詞，the material world表示“物質(zhì)世界”。答案不填；the2(2013西城一模)My friends birthday is coming soon.I would like to go to _ store，or some places close by to buy him _ present.解析go to the store意為“去商店”，為固定短語(yǔ)，故第一空用the；“給他買(mǎi)一份禮物”，為泛指意義，因此第二空使用不定冠詞。答案the；a3(2013聊城一模)How did you do in your essay?I got _ okay grade，but Mr.Jones gave Sarah top marks.Shes _ teachers pet，you know.解析第一空okay前面應(yīng)用an表示“一個(gè)相當(dāng)好的分?jǐn)?shù)”；第二空表示“她是老師的寵兒”，表示泛指，故用a。答案an；a4(2013邯鄲一模)It is said that _ wool produced in Australia is of _ high quality.解析句意：據(jù)說(shuō)澳大利亞產(chǎn)的羊毛質(zhì)量很好?！皃roduced in Australia”是后置定語(yǔ)，所以前一個(gè)空格用the表示特指；后一個(gè)空格處是“be of抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，名詞前不用冠詞。答案the；不填5(2013濟(jì)寧一模)Which of the twin brothers is easier to get on with?_ younger one.He is _ most humorous man.解析根據(jù)句意可知，“_ younger one”特指雙胞胎中較小的那一個(gè)，故第一空用定冠詞the；“_ most humorous man”泛指一個(gè)非常幽默的人，故第二空用不定冠詞a，most在此為副詞，意為“很，非?！?。答案The；a6(2013合肥一中二模)I dont know who invented _ iphone，but I think it is _ useful invention.解析句意：我不知道是誰(shuí)發(fā)明了iphone，但是我認(rèn)為它是一個(gè)有用的發(fā)明。前一空是類(lèi)指，用定冠詞；后一個(gè)空格是泛指，表示“一個(gè)，一種”。答案the；a7(2013南陽(yáng)兩校聯(lián)考)Keeping a diary is _ good habit，by which youll make _ great progress in writing.解析句意：寫(xiě)日記是一種好習(xí)慣，通過(guò)它你將在寫(xiě)作上取得很大進(jìn)步。第一空habit是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意可知此處表示泛指“一種好習(xí)慣”，應(yīng)用不定冠詞。第二空progress為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不用冠詞，make progress意為“取得進(jìn)步”。答案a；不填8(2013咸陽(yáng)二模)Have you seen _ pen？I left it here this morning.Is it _ black one？I found it in the corner.解析第一次提到某物用不定冠詞，所以第一空填a；根據(jù)I found it in the corner這一信息，它表明說(shuō)話(huà)者是拿著筆在與對(duì)方說(shuō)話(huà)，故表特指，所以第二空填the。答案a；the9(2013昆明二模)The operation is _ success and the patient is now out of _ danger.解析句意：這次手術(shù)是成功的并且現(xiàn)在病人已脫離了危險(xiǎn)。第一空屬抽象名詞具體化，第二空為固定搭配。答案a；不填10(2013西安一中月考)As _ unemployme