物流普及知識(shí)(ppt 23頁).ppt

供應(yīng)鏈管理 歷史的反思與新挑戰(zhàn) IBM全球服務(wù)部徐津 供應(yīng)鏈管理 TM CopyrightIBM2002 供應(yīng)鏈管理 發(fā)展史 TM CopyrightIBM2002 1900年以學(xué)術(shù)研究開始 農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品軍事需求教科書的出現(xiàn) 60年代初期公司內(nèi)部效率提高的最后一道戰(zhàn)線政府對運(yùn)輸行業(yè)的放權(quán)70年代能源危機(jī)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球一體化IT 供應(yīng)鏈管理的新天地競爭加強(qiáng)的必然結(jié)果 強(qiáng)者生存 產(chǎn)品替代效應(yīng)增強(qiáng)利潤的挑戰(zhàn) 節(jié)省 1 D時(shí)代的 瘋狂 TM CopyrightIBM2002 供應(yīng)鏈管理 End to End TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 凝聚企業(yè)的競爭力 Wholesalers Customers Logistics Suppliers ManufacturingPlants Supplier Retailers LogisticsProviders Wholesalers TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 核心所在 買什么 從何買 什么價(jià)錢而不是以最快的方式買錯(cuò)東西生產(chǎn)什么 何時(shí)生產(chǎn) 生產(chǎn)多少而不是以最低的成本生產(chǎn)非需品以統(tǒng)一的形象面對客戶而不是僅僅對單個(gè)流程自動(dòng)化以統(tǒng)一的形象面對供應(yīng)商而不是僅僅把每筆交易搬到網(wǎng)上 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 對企業(yè)的整體效應(yīng) 收入 成本 流動(dòng)資產(chǎn) 固定資產(chǎn) 供應(yīng)鏈效應(yīng) 提高顧客服務(wù) i e 優(yōu)化庫存與貨架數(shù)量比例 更大的市場占有率 更高的利潤率 降低庫存縮短訂單 現(xiàn)金周期 股東權(quán)益 利潤 資產(chǎn) 降低有形資產(chǎn) i e 卡車 倉庫 物資操作機(jī)械等 以協(xié)作來降低銷售成本 運(yùn)輸 倉儲(chǔ)物流成本 采購成本 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 企業(yè)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn) sell 內(nèi)部優(yōu)化 以達(dá)到 提高顧客服務(wù)水平提高供求透明度采購成本庫存周轉(zhuǎn)優(yōu)化商品分類運(yùn)用先進(jìn)的銷售技術(shù) Internet Kiosk 產(chǎn)品目錄 網(wǎng)絡(luò)電視 以高效率的供應(yīng)鏈競爭 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 量化的效益 TM CopyrightIBM2002 GMROI 純利潤回收率 sales GMROI 顧客服務(wù) 產(chǎn)出 計(jì)劃周期 運(yùn)作成本 銷售額 銷售成本 平均庫存成本 庫存 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 對癥下藥 FortheRetailIndustry InventoryManagementModuleswouldreplaceProductionScheduling TM CopyrightIBM2002 供應(yīng)鏈管理的應(yīng)用在跨行業(yè)的比較 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 最佳應(yīng)用I 一般 創(chuàng)意 前沿 優(yōu)秀應(yīng)用 Vendor managedandco ownedinventoryInventoryownedbythesupplierorco ownedbytheretailerandsupplierImplementationofcentrally managed withinstore electronicshelftags Scan basedtradingforfast andslow movingitemsRequirescashierstoaccuratelyscanorentereachitemInventoryandorderingfunctionstieddirectlytothepoint of sale perpetualinventory Itemsareregisteredandre orderedwhenthecashierscansanitemRequiresaccuratescanningforproperSKUorderingOnlineprivatelabelproductproductionsynchronizationforverticallyintegratedretailers Store specificinventorybasedonlocation marketcharacteristics andareademographicsInventoryandorderingfunctionstieddirectlytoconsumerself scanshelftake awayProvidesoutofstockalertsand orautomaticallyre ordersitemsAutomatedprivate labelproductplanningandsourcing requiresintelligentsystems VMI電子貨架條 SBT scanbasedtrading 即時(shí)庫存同步生產(chǎn) 本店品牌 因店而異庫存即時(shí)庫存自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)計(jì)劃 本店品牌 細(xì)節(jié) 庫存管理 TM CopyrightIBM2002 Scan basedtradingbenefitsbothretailers suppliersbystreamliningthedeliveryofDSDproducts DSDsupplierdeliversinventorytoastore Consumerbringsitemstothecashregisterandthecashierscansitems Attheendofthebillingcycle theretailerpaysthesupplierbasedonactualunitssold SupplierAccountsReceivable RetailerAccountsPayable Deliverypersonnelbypassthetraditionalprocessofchecking ininventoryandinsteadgodirectlytostoreshelvesforstocking WhenDSDitemisscanned therelevantproductinformationistransmittedtothesupplierandretailersystems 1 2 3 4 5 Commitmentfromsupplierstosupportbroad basedusageDeploymentofstandards basedpoint of saletechnologycapableofcommunicatingwithsuppliers Reduceddeliverytime 20 25minutessavedperdelivery Reducedstock outsandincreasedsales upby3 5 persupplier ImprovedpricingaccuracyRe allocationofstorepersonnelfromcheck intoin storemerchandisingactivitiesImprovedpromotionalflowthroughReducedinvoicedeductions declinedby70 Users2Retailers H E Butt SchnuckMarket Andronico sManufacturers Frito Lay Nabisco PepperidgeFarms Hallmark Anheuser BuschVendorsVialink SyncLink SuccessFactors KeyResults Metrics1 SampleUsers Vendors TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM 最佳應(yīng)用II 一般 創(chuàng)意 前沿 UtilizationofSKU levelelectronicinventorymanagementsystemsIncludespallettrackingthroughoutthedistributioncenter Fullyintegratedandoperationalwarehousemanagementsystems WMS thatautomatedistributioncentersandallowforcomplexfunctionssuchasflowthroughandcross dockingShareddistributioncentersforretailersofferingmultiplestoreformats e g Wal MartwithSuperstores NeighborhoodMarkets andSam sClubstores Reverselogisticsmanagementintegratedintowarehousesystemstoautomatereturnsprocesses Market levelshareddistributionassetsforconsumerpackagedgoodscompanies CPG andretailerswherewarehousesandtrucksserveareastoresfromcompetingandcomplementingretailersWarehousenetworkstrategieswheremarket level mega warehousearebuiltforchain wideitemscomplementedbyregionaldistributioncentersthatservefastermovingandperishableitemsUtilizesystemsthatcountergonomicwearandtearoneachwarehouseemployeebyindividualtask dynamicallybalancingnewtaskassignmenttoreducetheriskofinjury 物流中心管理 LeadingPractices 電子庫存管理 倉儲(chǔ)管理共享倉庫自動(dòng)反向物流 區(qū)域共享倉庫倉庫網(wǎng)絡(luò)戰(zhàn)略勞保有益型工作管理 Detail TM CopyrightIBM2002 CentralizedWarehouseManagementSystem Abilitytocross dockshipmentsfromcentralfacilitywithperishablegoodsatregionalcentersAvailabilityoftruckstohaulshipmentslongerdistancesDeploymentofwarehousemanagementsystem WMS tomanageproductsdestinedfor1 100storesAvailabilityoflabortostaffcentralwarehousefacility SuccessFactors ImprovedefficiencyforentiredistributionsystemLowerpricesthroughcentralizedbuyingFasterturnoverinfacilitiesRegionalwarehousespecialization KeyResults Metrics1 UsersAholdUSAC SWholesaleGrocers potentialwarehouseowner partner VendorsIBM SampleUsers Vendors Ahold scentralizedfacilitywillbeownedandoperatedbyathird partydistributionspecialist Philadelphia PA NY NJ CT RI MA NY PA OH ThefacilitywillsupplyallofAholdUSA s1 100stores DC MD DE NJ VA NY NJ PA WV AL GA TN NC SC Existingcenterswillbeusedforcross dockingofperishables Productswillbepre sortedforeachretailoutletatthecentralizeddistributioncenter 1 2 3 Completedshipmentswillthenberoutedtoareastores TM CopyrightIBM2002 整體戰(zhàn)略 流程優(yōu)化 具體系統(tǒng)實(shí)施 零售業(yè)競爭力 做同樣的事但比竟?fàn)帉κ肿龅酶?SCM在零售業(yè) 如何開始 TM CopyrightIBM2002 開拓新服務(wù) 戰(zhàn)略效益 難易程度 低 難 容易 高 一般 電子采購直接物料 運(yùn)輸管理 倉儲(chǔ)管理 簡接采購 需求預(yù)測管理庫存管理 M M M M M M 知己知彼基本數(shù)據(jù)分析現(xiàn)有流程分析組織結(jié)構(gòu)分析確定主要問題和改進(jìn)方向市場與競爭對手分析確定改革藍(lán)圖企業(yè)改革藍(lán)圖上下一致溝通明確改革目標(biāo) 具體化實(shí)施計(jì)劃 供應(yīng)鏈整體戰(zhàn)略 戰(zhàn)略咨詢 M SCM在零售業(yè) 整體戰(zhàn)略 TM CopyrightIBM2002 SCM在零售業(yè) 流程優(yōu)化 成功之關(guān)鍵 Process 采購流程尋找供應(yīng)商采購操作流程合同管理配送物流流程庫存管理訂貨流程倉儲(chǔ)管理運(yùn)輸管理流程整