【同步導學】人教版高中英語必修三導學案：Unit 2 Healthy Eating Grammar.docVIP

m3 unit 1 festivals around the worldsection vi grammar modal verbs學習目標：掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本含義和用法。學習過程語法知識預習探究一 我的觀察下文是學校的一些規(guī)定，你能搞清楚，哪些事可以做，哪些事不能做嗎？ students mustnt leave the campus at school hours, so we have to have lunch at school. however, we dont have to bring your lunch-boxes because we have a dining hall inside the school. we ought to be tidy and orderly there, but luckily for us, we neednt wash up after dinner. 二 我的發(fā)現:請你寫出我們本單元要學習的情態(tài)動詞的漢語意思。 ought to ought not to have to dont have to mustnt neednt 三 我的講解1. must和mustnt 1）must表示“必須”，是一種語氣很強的要求。否定式must not(mustnt)表示 “不準”,“禁止”等。在回答帶有must的問句時，否定式常用need not(neednt)或dont have to 表示“不必”，而不用must not (mustnt)。must i be home before eight oclock? yes, you must./no, you neednt./no, you dont have to.2）must表推測，一般只用于肯定句中，表示“一定”，“必定”。you must be very tired after such a long walk. 表示對過去事情的推測，用must+完成時。you must have left your umbrella in the theatre. 當must表推測之意時，其否定形式常用can not而不用must not。his car is still here. he cant have left 如果表示對正在發(fā)生的動作的推測，就用must+進行時。dad is always an early bird. he must be taking his usual morning exercise in the park now. 3）must表必然性 you must catch cold if you dont put on more clothes.。4) must 表示“一定要（語氣很強的邀請）” 和“非得（嫌棄對方固執(zhí)）”you must stay for dinner. must you play the piano at such a late hour?2. have to 和 dont have to/neednt 1) have to表示“必須”，“不得不”，在這個意義上與must很接近，但must表示的是說話人的主觀看法，而have to 表示的卻是客觀需要。you have to work hard to make a living. you must do what i tell you. 2）have to 有更多的時態(tài)形式：現在時，過去時，將來時等，而must只有現在時形式。we had to be there at 8:00. i shall have to go to school tomorrow.。3）dont have to 表示“不必”，“不一定要”, 意思是說某事可以做也可以不做，在這個意思上neednt 則表示根本沒必要做。you dont have to win all the matches to be a top club. we will do a thorough cleaning to the house but we neednt clean the roof. 3. ought to/ ought not to 1）ought沒有人稱或時態(tài)的變化，后跟帶to的不定式。常譯作“應該”，“應當”等，和should同義，只是口氣稍重一些。其否定式為ought not to (oughtnt to )，疑問式為ought i /you to?such things ought not to be done. 2）表可能性,意思是“按常理會應該 ”mary ought to be home by now.3）表示沒有履行過去的義務時，用“ought to +完成時。you ought to have told me about this earlier. (but you didnt)四 我的練習一、情態(tài)動詞填空1. jack described his father, who a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.2. mark have hurried. after driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.3. you _ park here! its an emergency exit.4. you buy a gift, but you can if you want to.5. we _ respect the old and take care of the young; this is traditional chinese virtue. 6. all the deal lines _ be closely followed, or the whole project will be delayed. 7. the boss _ ignore the health of the workers. we have got to talk to him about t