學(xué)人教版必修五Unit1Great scientistsPeriod4Grammar教案設(shè)計（14頁word版）.docx

2018-2019學(xué)年度人教版必修五unit1great scientistsperiod4grammar教案設(shè)計知識點(diǎn)過去分詞做定語和表語教學(xué)目標(biāo)1、知識：學(xué)習(xí)過去分詞做定語和表語，并能夠?qū)嶋H運(yùn)用。2、方法：分析和理解文章中長難句及高級句式，并學(xué)習(xí)仿寫。3、能力：閱讀和分析與科學(xué)家有關(guān)的文章。教學(xué)重點(diǎn)過去分詞做定語和表語教學(xué)難點(diǎn)了解幾位不同領(lǐng)域的科學(xué)家，進(jìn)而幫助理解文章。教學(xué)過程一、導(dǎo)入教學(xué)建議：導(dǎo)入有很多種方法，一般控制在十分鐘左右為宜，可以采用各種形式，比如：1、直接導(dǎo)入法。2、復(fù)習(xí)以往知識：可以從已學(xué)、已知的入手，與今天的教學(xué)進(jìn)行對比。3、課前小測：可以針對學(xué)生學(xué)校里近期講授的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行出題（以簡單題和中檔題為主，以10分鐘左右為宜）進(jìn)行測驗，也可以針對基礎(chǔ)知識進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)提問，檢查學(xué)生學(xué)校所學(xué)內(nèi)容的掌握程度，進(jìn)而展開教學(xué)。4、以近年來發(fā)生的重大事件為題導(dǎo)入。既考查了學(xué)生從社會生活中獲取信息的能力，又激發(fā)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣，讓學(xué)生馬上進(jìn)入學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)等。以上的導(dǎo)入方法只是建議，大家選擇其中一種或兩種進(jìn)行交叉使用即可。復(fù)習(xí)：單詞和詞組默寫。1）conclude vi.終結(jié)；結(jié)束；推斷；決定2）attend v. 注意；留意；處理(與to連用)=do with出席；到場照看；照料=take care of; look after3）expose vt.使暴露，顯露；曝光；揭露4）absorb v.吸收；使(精神)貫注；占用(時間)5）blame vt.責(zé)備；譴責(zé)；歸咎于；n. 責(zé)怪；(過失、過錯等)責(zé)任6）instruct vt.教導(dǎo)；指示7）contribute vi. &vt.捐助，捐獻(xiàn)，貢獻(xiàn)；投稿8）put forward 提出(建議等)；推薦某人或自己任職位；提名9）apart from 除之外；另外10）make sense講得通；有意義二、知識講解知識點(diǎn)1 reading中重點(diǎn)句子分析 (1) neither its cause nor its cure was understood.人們既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治療方法?！揪浞ǚ治觥縩either nor 既不也不【典型例句】neither you nor he knows about it. 關(guān)于這件事，你不知道他也不知道?！揪毩?xí)】jane wont join us for dinner tonight and _.a. neither wont tomb. tom wont eitherc. tom will tood. so will tomkey: b 考查句型結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：jane今天晚上不和我們一起吃飯，tom也一樣。and后接的應(yīng)同為否定句，故排除c、d項，a項應(yīng)改為neither will tom，故選b項。(2) he knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.他知道，在找到病源之前，霍亂疫情是無法控制的?！揪浞ǚ治觥縩ot/never until 直到才【典型例句】i didnt get the news until last night. 直到昨晚我才聽到這消息?！揪毩?xí)】not until he left his home _ to know how important the family was for him.a. did he begin b. had he begunc. he began d. he had begunkey: a 考查倒裝句。not until放在句首要用部分倒裝，翻譯為“直到”，所以begin的動作發(fā)生在left的動作之后或同時發(fā)生。(3) a woman, who had moved away from broad street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.有一位婦女是從寬街搬過來的，她特別喜歡那個水泵的水，每天都叫人把水運(yùn)到家里來。【句法分析】本句中so that 意為“如此以至于”，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；本句中had it delivered是have的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)用法，即“have+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”?！镜湫屠洹縣e did the work so badly that i had to do it all over again myself.他的活干得太差勁了，我只好親自重做。the patient is going to have his temperature taken. 這個病人準(zhǔn)備讓人量體溫?！揪毩?xí)】youd better start early _ you can get there on time.a. so thatb. so as toc. such thatd. in order tokey: a 考查so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。句意：你們最好早點(diǎn)出發(fā)，以便能準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)那兒。such that無此用法；so as to和in order to后跟動詞不定式。(4) 文章例句：only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有當(dāng)你把太陽放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的運(yùn)動才能說的清楚。【句型】only 引導(dǎo)的狀語放在句首，句子需用部分倒裝?！揪毩?xí)】漢譯英就在你失去它的時候，你才會懂得時間的寶貴。_ key: only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.(5) 文章例句：he placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it . 他把太陽固定在太陽系的中心位置上，而行星則圍繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)?！揪湫汀縲ith + 賓語+ v. ing / v. ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases構(gòu)成的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中通常作為狀語，表示背景情況，為方式，原因或條件等。【典例】with the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的帶路下，我們向森林進(jìn)發(fā)?！揪毩?xí)】漢譯英隨著考試的結(jié)束，我們的假期開始了。_ key: with the test finished, we began our holiday.知識點(diǎn)2 重點(diǎn)語法講解：過去分詞作定語和表語(1) 過去分詞做定語過去分詞做定語，在語態(tài)上是被動；在時間上，表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成，與它所修飾的詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系。如：english is a widely used language. (表被動)he threw away the broken cup. (表完成)this is one of the schools built in 1980s. (表被動和完成)prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices (表被動)注意：1）單個過去分詞及由過去分詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞作定語時，常放在被修飾詞的前面，表示被動和完成的意義。the injured passengers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.there are some fallen leaves in the yard. the united states is a developed country. china has sent up many man-made satellites.2）過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。this is the best novel written by xiao ming. = this is the best novel that was written by xiao ming.several guests invited to your birthday party didnt come.= several guests who were invited to your birthday party didnt come.3）及物動詞的過去分詞表示結(jié)束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性，只表示被動關(guān)系。polluted water= water which is polluted被污染的水reserved seats= the seats which were reserved被保留的座位trapped animal = the animal which was trapped被困住的動物不及物動詞的過去分詞不表被動，只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結(jié)束之含義。boiled water= water which has boiled開水fallen leaves= the leaves which have fallen 落葉risen sun= the sun which has risen升起的太陽(2) 過去分詞做表語表示主語的心理感覺或所處的狀態(tài)。許多動詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。the window is broken. 窗戶碎了。dont get so excited. 別這么激動。1）用作表語的過去分詞被動意味很弱，主要表示動作的完成和狀態(tài)，此時相當(dāng)于一個形容詞；被動語態(tài)的過去分詞動詞意味很強(qiáng),句子主語為動作的承受者，后面常跟by短語。試對比：the glass is broken.這只杯子是碎的。（表狀態(tài)）the glass was broken by tom.這只杯子是湯姆打碎的。（表被動）the windows are closed. 窗戶是關(guān)著的。（表狀態(tài)）the windows are closed by jack.窗戶都被杰克關(guān)上了。（表被動）2）表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如：interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語，表示狀態(tài)。其中有些僅表示狀態(tài)，毫無被動意味。how did the audience receive the new play?they got very excited.how did bob do in the exams this time?well, his father seems pleased with his results.she was very disappointed to hear the result.hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.三、例題精析教學(xué)建議說明：此處內(nèi)容主要用于教師課堂的精講，每個題目結(jié)合試題本身、答案和解析部分。例題1【題干】prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.a. are boughtb. boughtc. been boughtd. buying【答案】b【解析】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，需填動詞的非謂語形式，由于prices of daily goods與buy之間是邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞bought，故選b。例題2five people won the “chinas green figure” award, a title _ to ordinary people their contributions to environmental protection.a. being given b. is givenc. givend. was given【答案】c【解析】考查過去分詞的用法。此處用過去分詞given做后置定語，相當(dāng)于which was given.例題3child remained _ long after they had been told the puzzling story.a. puzzling b. puzzledc. being puzzledd. to be puzzled【答案】b【解析】考查過去分詞用法。此處的puzzled表主語感到迷惑不解。a項的puzzling修飾物，意為“令人迷惑不解”；c項強(qiáng)調(diào)正在被進(jìn)行的動作；d項表在主句謂語之后發(fā)生。例題4there have been several new events _ to the program for the 2008 beijing olympic games.a. addb. to addc. addingd. added【答案】d【解析】考查過去分詞用法。add為及物動詞，常用于add sth to sth結(jié)構(gòu)中，本題應(yīng)為add several new events to the program。因此add與new events之間為動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞做后置定語。例題5the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.a. seatb. seatingc. seatedd. to be seating【答案】c【解析】句考查過去分詞做表語。be/remain seated為固定用法“坐下”，故選c。四 、課堂運(yùn)用教學(xué)建議說明：在對課堂知識講解完，把握了重點(diǎn)突破了難點(diǎn)以及練習(xí)精講了之后，再用練習(xí)進(jìn)行課堂鞏固或檢測，根據(jù)學(xué)生情況建議分3個難度層次：易，中，難。基礎(chǔ)用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. you seem _ (frighten).【答案】frightened【解析】seem后為形容詞，主語為人用frightened“感到害怕的”。2.please be patient and remain _ (seat).【答案】seated【解析】seat經(jīng)常用remain/be seated表示“坐下”。3. i found this _ (break) cup on the floor.【答案】broken【解析】break用在cup前表已經(jīng)完成的動作，用broken形式。4. i saw a tall, dark and handsome man _ (name) xiao ming.【答案】named【解析】man與name是被動關(guān)系。5. she worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _ (know) as 3m.【答案】known【解析】minnesota manufacturing and mining company與name是被動關(guān)系。鞏固6. he told me about the things _ at the meeting yesterday. a. discussed b. to be discussed c. to discuss d. being discussed 【答案】a【解析】句義為“他告訴我昨天在會上討論的事情”。事情是被討論，可以排除c；選項b表示將要被討論；選項d表示正在被討論；故選a。7. how do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?the key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. a. to solving; making b. to solving; made c. to solve; making d. to solve; made 【答案】b【解析】第一個空the key to中的to是介詞，后面要接名詞或者動名詞；第二個空要用made，過去分詞作定語，意思是“顧客提出的要求”。故選b。8. im very _ with my own cooking. it looks nice and smells delicious. mm, it does have a smell. a. pleasant; pleased b. pleased; pleased c. pleasant; pleasant d. pleased; pleasant【答案】d【解析】過去分詞作表語或定語時常用來修飾人，be pleased with表示“對滿意”。pleasant意思是“令人愉快的”，修飾物。故選d。9. its a pleasure to watch the face of a(n) _ baby. a. asleep b. sleepc. sleeping d. slept 【答案】c【解析】baby與sleep之間是一種主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語；asleep只能作表語。故選c。10. this is a temple _ during the qing dynasty. a. built b. to be built c. having built d. being built 【答案】a【解析】temple與build之間是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作后置定語，to be built表示要修建，還沒有修建；being built表示正在修建當(dāng)中。本句說廟宇是在清朝時修建的，所以選a。拔高11.這本農(nóng)民寫的書非常受歡迎。_【答案】the book written by the farmer is very popular.【解析】written by the farmer12. 受到老師嚴(yán)厲懲罰的男孩現(xiàn)在是大學(xué)生了。_【答案】the boy punished severely by the teacher is now a college student.【解析】punished severely by the teacher13. 在昨天會議上討論的問題很難解決。_【答案】the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday was very difficult to solve.【解析】discussed at the meeting yesterday14. 大多數(shù)被邀請去參加聚會的藝術(shù)家都來自南非。_【答案】 most of the artists invited to the party were from south africa.【解析】invited to the party15. 受到老師鼓舞的學(xué)生比以前更努力了。_【答案】 the students inspired by the teacher worked harder than ever before.【解析】inspired by the teacher句子理解練習(xí): 英譯漢(1) 他不但不知道發(fā)生了什么，而且也不關(guān)心。_(2) 直到他媽媽回來，他才睡覺。_(3) 他工作太努力了，以至于經(jīng)常忘記吃飯。_ (4) 只有用這種方法，我們才能盡快地達(dá)到目標(biāo)。_ (5) 點(diǎn)著蠟燭，我們將為她唱生日快樂歌。_【答案】(1) he neither knows nor cares what is happening.(2) he didnt go to bed until his mother came home.(3) he works so hard that he often forgets to have meal.(4) only in this way, can we reach our goal as soon as possible.(5) we will sing happy birthday song for her with the candle on.閱讀理解einstein was born in ulm, germany on mar. 14, 1879. einsteins parents moved from ulm to munich when einstein was still a baby. the family business was the manufacture of electrical parts. when the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to milan, italy. at this time einstein decided officially to give up his german citizenship. within a year, still without having completed secondary school（中學(xué)）, einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to continue with a course of study leading to a diploma（文憑）as an electrical engineer at the swiss federal institute of technology. he spent the next year in nearby aarau at a secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers and first-rate facilities（設(shè)備）in physics. einstein returned in 1896 to the swiss federal institute of technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics. after two years he got a post at the swiss patent （專利）office in bern. the patent office work required einsteins careful attention, but while employed（19021909）there, he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics. for the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact（接觸）with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues. einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the university of zurich for a phd degree in 1905. in 1908 he sent a second paper to the university of bern and became a lecturer there. the next year einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the university of zurich. by 1909, einstein was recognized throughout german-speaking europe as a leading scientific thinker.1. which of the following shows the right order of the events that happened to einstein? a. graduated from the swiss federal institute of technology b. moved to milan c. got a post at the swiss patent office in bern d. worked in the university of zurich e. studied at a secondary school in aarau f. gave up his german citizenship a. c, b, a, e, d, f b . a, b, f, e, d, c c. b, f, e, a, d, c d. b, f, e, a, c, d 【答案】d 【解析】按照這些事件發(fā)生的時間順序可以判斷選擇d。2. how many countries did einstein stay in before he became successful? a. 2. b. 3. c. 4. d. 5. 【答案】b 【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。文中提到他出生在德國，1894年全家搬到意大利，后來又在瑞士上學(xué)和工作，所以是3個國家。3. what did einstein do when he was in the patent office? a. he paid little attention to his work.b. he wrote plenty of scientific works. c. he kept close contact with his friends. d. he read a lot of physics books. 【答案】b 【解析】由第二段第二句和第三句可知，正確答案是b，其他選項與文章不符。4. which of the following do you think played the most important role in einsteins success? a. his school year in the secondary school in aarau. b. his years in the swiss federal institute of technology. c. his years in the swiss patent office. d. his phd degree. 【答案】a 【解析】由第一段倒數(shù)第二句可知in a secondary school in aarau期間，他遇到了非常優(yōu)秀的教師和第一流的設(shè)備，其他階段文章并未做出專門介紹，故選a。課堂小結(jié)教學(xué)建議說明：教師對本節(jié)課應(yīng)掌握的知識作一個小結(jié)，將本堂課應(yīng)掌握的內(nèi)容做一個概要陳述。本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)句型是：1、neither nor 既不也不2、not/never until 直到才3、so that如此以至于4、only 引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝5、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)語法知識是：過去分詞作定語和表語通過本節(jié)課的學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)該掌握以上的5個重點(diǎn)句型，并且學(xué)會如何用過去分詞作定語和表語。課后需要通過大量的練習(xí)來鞏固課上所學(xué)的知識，真正做到學(xué)以致用。課后作業(yè)教學(xué)建議說明：講解完本章的知識點(diǎn)，布置課后作業(yè)，讓學(xué)生鞏固知識，建議也分三個層次，每個層次3-5題基礎(chǔ)1. the olympic games, _in 776 b.c. did not include women players until 1912. a. first played b. to be first played c. first playing d. to be first playing【答案】a【解析】play與the olympic games構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。2. did you attend the meeting _ yesterday? a. to be held b. having been held c. held d. being held【答案】c【解析】hold與the meeting構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。3. i borrowed a book _ by mark twain from the library last week. i like it very much.a. written b. writing c. was written d. to write【答案】a【解析】write與book構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。4.the living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table _ already for a meal to be cooked. a. laid b. laying c. to lay d. being laid【答案】a【解析】lay與a dining table構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。5.john received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.a. finished b. finishing c. having finished d. was finished【答案】a【解析】根據(jù)題意，可知finish與his work構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。6. from the dates _ on the gold coin, it is confirmed that it was made five hundred years ago. a. marking b. marked c. to be marked d. having been marked【答案】b【解析】mark與date構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。7. hearing the_ news, we all felt_.a. encouraging; encouraging b. encouraged; encouraged c. encouraged; encouraging d. encouraging; encouraged【答案】d【解析】encouraging修飾事物，意為“令人鼓舞的”；encouraged修飾人，意為“鼓舞的”。8. as is known to us all, traveling is_, but we often feel_ when we are back from travels. a. interesting; tired b. interested; tiring. c. interesting; tiring d. interested; tired【答案】a【解析】第一空 traveling為主語可知用interesting“令人感興趣的”；第二空為主語可知用tried“感到疲倦的”。9. cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour.a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay【答案】c 【解析】該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計時給某人報酬。此題被動結(jié)構(gòu)作表語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.10. the disc, digitally _ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.a. recorded b. recordingc. to be recorded d. having recorded 【答案】a【解析】此處考查過去分詞作后置定語，disc與record之間是被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示。鞏固1. dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. a. being known b. having been knownc. to be known d. known【答案】d【解析】know與words, expressions, phrases構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。2.with nothing _ to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out.a. leaving b. left c. leave d. to leave【答案】b【解析】leave與nothing構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞表示被動。3. linda worked for the minnesota manufacturing and mining company, _as 3m.a. knowing b. know