外研版高中英語(yǔ)必修4學(xué)案：難句剖析拓展 Module2　TrafficJam Word版含解析.doc

難句剖析拓展simply raise your hand,and a taxi appears in no time.只要揮一下手，出租車(chē)就會(huì)立刻來(lái)到?！酒饰觥?1）這是一個(gè)“祈使句+and+簡(jiǎn)單句”的句型，可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：if you raise your hand simply,a taxi will appear in no time.2）simply 是副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾raise your hand。and 作為連詞，連接前后兩個(gè)句子構(gòu)成并列句?！就卣埂?1）in no time 立刻，馬上2）appear 是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，其反義詞是disappear。3)辨析 raise和rise：raise “提高”是及物動(dòng)詞，指身體的手勢(shì)或活動(dòng)；rise“上升”是不及物動(dòng)詞，指某物體在水中或空氣中垂直向上運(yùn)動(dòng)。you should check the cab has a business permit,and make sure you ask for a receipt.你一定要看一下該出租車(chē)有無(wú)營(yíng)業(yè)執(zhí)照，并且一定要記住向司機(jī)要收據(jù)?！酒饰觥?1）check 后面接的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。2)make sure 后面接了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，省略了引導(dǎo)詞that。make sure 后面要接從句；make sure of 后面接介詞短語(yǔ)?！就卣埂?1）區(qū)分ask for與ask：ask for索要，要求得到某物；ask 問(wèn)，詢問(wèn)。2）注意check與make sure后接從句，連接詞用that而不用whether。its a good idea to avoid public transport during the rush hour(6:30 am8:00 am and 5:00 pm-6:30 pm).避開(kāi)上下班的高峰期（上午6：30到8：00，下午5：00到6：30）是個(gè)好主意?！酒饰觥?1）本句是以it作形式主語(yǔ)的句子，真正的主語(yǔ)是不定式to avoid public transport during the rush hour。2）it 作形式主語(yǔ)的句型：it+be+n./adj. .+that 從句/to do3)avoid 后面接名詞詞組public transport 作賓語(yǔ)?！就卣埂?avoid 后面除了可以接名詞外，還可以接動(dòng)詞的-ing 形式,不能接to do。there are 20 000 buses and trolleybuses in beijing,but they can get very crowded.北京有2萬(wàn)輛公交車(chē)和電車(chē)，不過(guò)有時(shí)會(huì)很擁擠。【剖析】 there be結(jié)構(gòu)表示“存在，有”；get crowded中crowded是形容詞，get可用become或be代替。but連接兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，表達(dá)轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系?！就卣埂?“get+過(guò)去分詞”可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于“be+過(guò)去分詞”，表示達(dá)到、處于某種狀態(tài)或情況。you should talk to the driver,and make sure you know the price before you begin the journey,for example,if it is per person,single or return.你應(yīng)該同司機(jī)談話，以確定在你開(kāi)始旅行之前，你知道價(jià)格，例如，是不是一個(gè)人的，是單程的，還是往返的?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，you should talk to the driver,and make sure you know the price是主句,before you begin the journey,for example,if it is per person,single or return是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。【拓展】 1）for example用來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明某一論點(diǎn)或情況,一般只舉同類(lèi)人或物中的“一個(gè)”為例,作插入語(yǔ),可位于句首、句中或句末。例如:ball games,for example,have spread around the world.例如,球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在世界各地傳播開(kāi)了。such as用來(lái)列舉事物時(shí),一般列舉同類(lèi)人或事物中的幾個(gè)例子。插在被列舉的事物與前面的名詞之間,as后面不可有逗號(hào)。例如:some of the rubbish,such as food,paper and iron,rots away over a long period of time.有些廢物,如剩飯、廢紙和廢鐵,時(shí)間一久就爛掉了。注意:使用這個(gè)短語(yǔ)時(shí),后面列舉的事物的數(shù)量不能等于它前面所提到的總和,一旦相等就要用that is或namely。如不可以說(shuō):i have three good friends,such as john,jack and tom.應(yīng)該說(shuō):i have three good friends,that is,john,jack and tom.我有三個(gè)好朋友,即約翰、杰克和湯姆。2）if用作“是否”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)名詞性從句；用作“如果”，引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。the situation in central london,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it.在倫敦中心，司機(jī)要花費(fèi)50%的時(shí)間排隊(duì)，這種情形變的如此糟糕，以至于當(dāng)?shù)卣疀Q定要采取措施?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，the situation in central london became so bad,是主句,where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues,是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,that the local government decided to do something about it是一個(gè)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句?！就卣埂?so.that結(jié)構(gòu)中的so為副詞，后面跟形容詞或副詞；such.that中的such為形容詞，后面接名詞(名詞前可以有形容詞或副詞修飾)。例如：he became so angry that he couldnt speak.他變得很生氣，以致說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。it is such fine weather that id like to go out for a trip.天氣這么好，我想出去旅游。as the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their registration numbers,and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day.當(dāng)汽車(chē)進(jìn)入市中心的時(shí)候，錄像機(jī)攝下他們的注冊(cè)號(hào)碼，這些號(hào)碼要與當(dāng)天繳費(fèi)的司機(jī)名字進(jìn)行核對(duì)?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)由and連接的并列復(fù)合句，第一個(gè)并列分句是as the cars come into the centre,video cameras record their registration numbers;第二個(gè)并列分句是these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day，這兩個(gè)并列分句同時(shí)都是復(fù)合句，as the cars come into the centre,是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，who have paid the charge for that day是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。whats more,central london shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.此外，即使沒(méi)有幾輛車(chē)，倫敦中心的商店也不會(huì)丟去顧客?！酒饰觥?這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，central london shops did not lose business是主句,even though there were fewer cars 是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，whats more,是插入語(yǔ)?！就卣埂?1）whats more 此外。 i missed the bus and had to walk home.whats more,it was raining and i got all wet.我趕不上巴士，不得不走回家，而且那時(shí)正在下雨，我全身都濕透了。2）even if/though 即使;雖然he will come on time even though it rains.即使下雨,他還是會(huì)準(zhǔn)時(shí)來(lái)的