高中英語(yǔ)必修五詞匯 辨析.doc

必修五詞語(yǔ)辨析及詞形變化Unit 1 Great Scientists詞語(yǔ)辨析1). character/characteristic n. 【解釋】character 性格，品質(zhì) （本身具有的）；角色，人物；字體，字符characteristic 特點(diǎn)，特征（區(qū)別于其他事物）【練習(xí)】選擇character 或characteristic 并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?） He proved himself true gentleman and the beauty of his _ was seen at its best when he worked with others.2） People living in the city are different from those in the countryside in _ .3） What are the _that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese?4） Chinese _ attract a great number of foreigners all over the world.5） The main purpose of a play is to let the _ speak for themselves as much as possible.2). examine/ check /test 檢查【解釋】examine仔細(xì)察看或觀察（以了解情況或是否有問(wèn)題或毛?。ヽheck檢查 （含有“校對(duì)”或“找錯(cuò)”的意思）test 檢查，檢測(cè)（以某種手段來(lái)試一試某人或某物是否達(dá)到了一定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）【練習(xí)】選擇 check , examine 或 test，并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）I was being _ for a driving license for the third time.2）The doctor _ him carefully.3）The interviewer always _ her facts before sending them to the editor.3) cure/ treat 治療，【解釋】cure 表示治愈的結(jié)果treat 表示治療的過(guò)程【練習(xí)】選擇cure 或treat 并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) After being _ for such a long time, the wound _ at last.4) blame/scold 責(zé)備【解釋】blame 責(zé)備；譴責(zé)； 歸咎于強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)某種可以解釋的失誤或不良行為的譴責(zé)或懲罰：scold 斥責(zé)”、“責(zé)罵”指大聲呵斥，責(zé)備，嘮嘮叨叨地說(shuō)，常用于長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩【練習(xí)】1）Dont _ it on him, but on me.2）The parents _ the naughty boy and asked him to leave the home at once.5) reject /refuse 拒絕【解釋】reject 后接名詞，（含對(duì)被拋棄的東西不屑一顧）refuse 后接名詞，動(dòng)名詞 ，可表“謝絕”【練習(xí)】選擇refuse 或reject 并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）The Christian Church _ his theory, saying it was against Gods idea.2）I cant stand working with Jane in the same office. She just _to stop talking while she works. 詞形變化science n，科學(xué)scientific adj.科學(xué)的scientist n.科學(xué)家announce v宣布announcement n.宣布announcer n，廣播員，告知者instruct v.指導(dǎo)，命令instruction n.指導(dǎo)，指示instructive adj.有益的，教育性的enthusiastic adj.熱心的，熱情的enthusiasm n.狂熱，熱心enthusiast n.熱心家，狂熱者valuable adj.有價(jià)值的value n. 價(jià)值value v. 估價(jià), 評(píng)價(jià)【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) The _ took a very _ approach to _.(science)2) The _ make a(n) _ that all the details should _ through the broadcast.(announce)3) It is _ and easy for the children to read some masterpieces with the _ at the bottom of each page.(instruct)4) “You dont seem very _ about the idea.” “I dont mind,” she said, without much _.(enthusiasm)5) There is no any criterion to _ whether it is _ information. (value) Unit 2 The United Kingdom 詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). divide/separate v.【解釋】divide “把一個(gè)整體分成若干部分”,破壞了賓語(yǔ)的完整性,常與 “into”連用separate 指”把原來(lái)連在一起或靠近的部分分割開(kāi)來(lái)”,常與 “from” 連用【練習(xí)】選擇divide或separate并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?） The apple was _ into two.7） His lecture _divides into three parts. 8） She was _ from her husband last year. 9） The Taiwan Strait _ Taiwan from Fujian2). puzzle/confuse【解釋】puzzle 指“情況錯(cuò)宗復(fù)雜, 因而使人感到困惑不解”confuse 指“把事物混淆或弄亂“或“由于混淆、混亂而糊涂”, 語(yǔ)氣較弱, 常指暫時(shí)現(xiàn)象【練習(xí)】選擇puzzle 或confuse并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）What he did _puzzled me greatly.2）They asked me so many questions that they _confused me.3）I am always _ salt with sugar.4）The patients illness _ the doctor; and he couldnt find the cause.3) debate/argue/discuss/quarrel辯論,爭(zhēng)論【解釋】debate就已經(jīng)確定或統(tǒng)一的問(wèn)題,各述己見(jiàn),公開(kāi),正式的爭(zhēng)論.含交鋒的意思argue 指提出理由或事實(shí)，試圖在爭(zhēng)辯中說(shuō)服對(duì)方，或促使他人擁護(hù)自己倡導(dǎo)的理由或觀點(diǎn)：discuss指一般討論,談?wù)搎uarrel常指因瑣事而感到氣憤,進(jìn)行爭(zhēng)吵【練習(xí)】選擇debate/argue/discuss/quarrel或puzzle并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）The couple are always _quarreling about the past.2）Have you _ the problem with anyone?3）I _ with her all day about the situation.Keys: 1）quarreling 2）discussed 3）argued4) influence/affect【解釋】Affect著重影響一個(gè)人的感情或健康，也指事物受到影響influence影響,指對(duì)人或事物起某種作用，使其行為,性格或觀點(diǎn)等發(fā)生變化，常含有潛移默化的意味.【練習(xí)】選擇influence或affect并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) The noise from the street _affected my study.2) Outside factors _influenced him to resign.3) My parents _ my childhood a great deal.詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1. convenience n.便利，方便,適合convenient adj.便利的,方便的conveniently adv.便利地2. attraction n.吸引,吸引力attractive adj. 吸引人的,有魅力的attract v. 吸引3. construct v.建造,構(gòu)造,建立construction n.建筑,建設(shè)4. arrange v. 安排,協(xié)商arrangement n. 排列,安排5.collect v.收集, 聚集, 集中collection n.收藏, 征收, 搜集品6. fair adj. 公平地, 公正地,unfair adj. 不公平的7.suggest vt.建議, 暗示suggestion n. 提議, 意見(jiàn), 暗示,【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1) These meals are quick and _ to prepare. We provide these meals for the _ of the customers. (convenience)2) What _ me first was that there is a beautiful house with an _ garden.(attraction)3) They had an _ that the children would spend their holiday abroad.(arrange)4) The classic music _ his childhood, and he thought that listening to the music has a calming _ on him. (influence)5) A new city of Wenchuan is still under _, although it was _ a half year ago.(construct)6) At the whole classmates_, the head teacher _ they should go camping this weekend. (suggest)Unit3 Life in future詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). surrounding/ environment n. 環(huán)境【解釋】surrounding 指周?chē)蚋浇囊磺惺挛?環(huán)境(常用復(fù)數(shù))environment 指生態(tài)環(huán)境，自然環(huán)境(與the連用);還指影響個(gè)體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境.【練習(xí)】選擇surrounding 或environment并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?0） Good work cannot be done in unpleasant or uncomfortable_.11） A happy family provides a loving _for its children.12） The house is in beautiful_.13） It is our duty to protect the _from pollution.5）Moss grows best in a shady, damp_.2). swift/fast/quick/soon【解釋】swift指運(yùn)動(dòng)的流暢性與穩(wěn)靠性fast 更多指運(yùn)動(dòng)中的人或物quick大多指花費(fèi)極少時(shí)間或反應(yīng)或動(dòng)作的敏捷soon 時(shí)間副詞,指先后發(fā)生的兩件事之間的時(shí)間間隔短選擇swift/fast/quick或soon并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）A _ car knocked down a boy in the main street. 飛馳的汽車(chē)；2）Only her _reaction prevented an accident. 她的快捷反應(yīng)避免了一次事故。3）He has a _but unclear handwriting 流暢但不清楚的書(shū)法筆跡4）Lets eat a _snack. 讓我們吃一頓快餐吧!5）_ we will arrive in Hongkong.詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）settlement n. 定居；解決settle v. 安放, 使定居, 安排; 安家, 定居surrounding n. 周?chē)氖挛?；環(huán)境 surround v. 包圍, 圍繞press v. 按；壓；逼迫pressure n. 壓, 壓力,require v. 需要；要求；命令requirement n. 需要；要求；命令impression n. 印象, 感想,impress v. 印, 留下印象【練習(xí)】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1） _ by green hill on the north and south and a blue sea on the east, this city really enjoys nice _.(surrounding)2） Its time you _ your difference with your father. (settlement)3） -Whats your _ of the new teacher?-He is a kind and handsome young man, but what _ me most is his sense of humour.(impression)4） It is _ that all students should wear the school uniform in school, but not all students obey the _. (require)5） The nurse _ the wound and the _ to the arm stopped the bleeding at last. (press)Unit4 Making the news詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). occupation/profession/job/work n. 工作,職業(yè)【解釋】occupation較為正式,常用于所填的表格上profession常指需要專(zhuān)門(mén)技能，尤指需要較高教育水平的行業(yè),職業(yè).job可數(shù)名詞,可指獨(dú)立的一份工作或職位work不可數(shù)名詞,泛指一切工作【練習(xí)】選擇occupation/profession/job或work并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?）Please state your name, age and _ below before you go to work.2）I have a few _ to do in the house this morning.3) Typing by using the computer all day is hard_.4) Professor Zhang is the very top of medical _.2). acquire /obtain/get/gain v. 獲得【解釋】obtain 包含著“努力”、“希望”或“決意”去獲得某物的意思。通過(guò)努力工作而得到所需東西get是最普遍、使用范圍最廣的詞以某種方式手段獲得某物acquire經(jīng)過(guò)努力的過(guò)程逐漸獲得gain有obtain的含義，但更強(qiáng)調(diào)目的物需要努力奮斗才能得到，而且這種東西具有價(jià)值，特別是物質(zhì)價(jià)值?！揪毩?xí)】選擇acquire /obtain/get或gain并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) We must work hard to _a good knowledge of English.2) I _ a letter from my parents yesterday.3) I hope that you will_ greater success soon.4) He _ experience through practice.Keys: 1) acquire 2) got 3) gain 4) obtained3) accuse/charge v.控訴,起訴【解釋】accuse 常用于accuse sb. of sth.charge 常用charge sb. with sthl【練習(xí)】選擇accuse或charge并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) They _ him of taking bribes.2) The police _ him with car theft4) process/progress/procedure【解釋】process CU進(jìn)程，過(guò)程，程序 progressU前進(jìn), 進(jìn)步, 發(fā)展 procedureCU 程序, 手續(xù) 【練習(xí)】選擇process/progress/或procedure并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) Reforming the education system will be a difficult _. 2) The disease makes rapid _3) Sometimes we need to break the normal_. 5) accurate /correct/exact/right【解釋】 accurate 表示“準(zhǔn)確的”,精確的”,指“通過(guò)努力, 使事情達(dá)到正確或精確correct為一般用語(yǔ), 指“正確的”exact表示“確切的”,“精確無(wú)誤的”,指“與事實(shí)完全相符”right最合適的; (就情況等而言)最好的, 可取的;或表示與事實(shí)，常理或真實(shí)情況相一致的，相當(dāng)于correct/exact【練習(xí)】選擇accurate /correct/exact或right并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) She gave an _ account of the accident.2) He gave _ answers to the questions.3) His answer is quite _.4) He is the _ man for the job.詞性變化 （旨在提供語(yǔ)法填空所需材料）1. employ v.雇傭,使用employment n.雇傭employer雇傭者, employee受雇者2. approve v.贊成,批準(zhǔn)approval n,贊成,批準(zhǔn)3. profession n.職業(yè),專(zhuān)業(yè)professional adj.專(zhuān)業(yè)的4. guilt n.犯罪 guilty adj. 犯罪的,內(nèi)疚的5.concentrate v.集中注意力concentration n.專(zhuān)注,專(zhuān)心【練習(xí)】用括號(hào)內(nèi)所提供詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1） This book demanded all your_.(concentrate)2） My parents didnt _ of my leaving school this year and I had to accept their _.(approve)3） We need enough _ engineers to undertake the job.(profession)4） his _ was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution and he felt _ about not telling the truth to the judge (guilt)5） The factories that _thousands of workers criticized the method _by the countrys government.(employ)Unit 5 First aid詞語(yǔ)辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1). Hurt / injure / harm / wound n.【解釋】hurt 可指肉體和心理的疼痛，如強(qiáng)烈的劇痛的創(chuàng)傷，或別人的言行給某人的情感造成的傷害。injure 指物理傷害的總稱(chēng)。如造成容顏，機(jī)能的損害。harm 以抽象的傷害為主，通常造成傷害需要一個(gè)過(guò)程，如在人的心理，健康，權(quán)利或事業(yè)上的損害。（吸煙有害健康）wound 常指開(kāi)放式的傷口（如刀，槍傷等）【練習(xí)】選擇hurt/injure/harm/wound 并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?4） Smoking less wont _ you.15） In the war of Gaza area, many innocent children and women _ in the heads.16） I intended no _ to his feelings. 17） Many passengers were badly _ in the accident.18） He fell down and _ his arm.2). cause/excuse/reason n.【解釋】cause：指造成一種影響、結(jié)果或后果的原因或條件。（與of連用）excuse 強(qiáng)調(diào)為逃避或減輕責(zé)任而設(shè)法辯解而使用的借口，理由（與for連用）reason 是指解釋某種效果的發(fā)生或性質(zhì)的措辭（與for連用）【練習(xí)】選擇cause/excuse 或reason，并用其適當(dāng)?shù)男问教羁?) There was no obvious _ for the accident.2) Sometimes most students will make up a(n) _ for their absence.3) The _ she went to Guangzhou was the climate.4) Carelessness is the _ of his failure.3) electric/electr