英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)考試.doc

第1部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第115題，每題1分，共15分）下面每個(gè)句子中均有一個(gè)詞或短語(yǔ)加有括號(hào)，請(qǐng)為每處括號(hào)部分確定一個(gè)意義最為接近的選項(xiàng)。1. Well give every teacher (room) for development.A. placeB. employmentC. houseD. space2. The policeman asked him to (identify) the thief.A. describeB. nameC. captureD. call3. We were all there when the accident (occurred).A. brokeB. happenedC. spreadD. appeared4. It took me exactly a week to (complete) the work.A. startB. achieveC. finishD. improve5. The herb medicine (eventually) cured her disease.A. nicelyB. apparentlyC. naturallyD. finally6. This new policy has led to (dramatic) increase in production.A. strikingB. minorC. fixedD. modest7. Poor schooling was the (root) of the unemployment problem.A. baseB. resultC. forceD. cause8. John (survives) on 100 pounds a month.A. livesB. putsC. borrowsD. spends9. Ones economic condition often (affects) his or her way of life.A. determinesB. showsC. confinesD. influences10. If you want to keep healthy, you should (vary) the foods you eat.A. rejectB. acceptC. chooseD. change11. She found me very (dull).A. dirtyB. sleepyC. boringD. lazy12. The President made a (brief) visit to Beijing.A. workingB. shortC. formalD. secret13. He was persuaded to (give up) the idea.A. mentionB. acceptC. dropD. consider14. Jack (consumes) a pound of cheese a day.A. drinksB. eatsC. buysD. produces15. Mary just told us a very (fascinating) story.A. strangeB. frighteningC. interestingD. difficult第2部分：閱讀判斷（第1622題，每題1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對(duì)每個(gè)句子做出判斷：如果該句提供的是正確信息，請(qǐng)選擇A；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請(qǐng)選擇B；如果該句的信息文中沒(méi)有提及，請(qǐng)選擇C。 Petitions Petitions(請(qǐng)?jiān)?請(qǐng)?jiān)笗?shū)) have long been a part of British political life. Anyone who wanted to change something would get a list of signatures from people who agreed to the idea and either send them to the government or deliver them personally to the Prime Ministers house in London. They are always accepted at the door by one of the PMs officials. What happens then? Nothing much, usually. But petitions have always been thought of as a useful way for those who govern to find out what the people really think. Thats why the UK government launched its “e-petition” site in November 2006. Instead of physically collecting signatures, all anyone with an idea has to do now is to make a proposal on the government website, and anyone who supports the idea is free to add his or her signature. The petitions soon started to flow in. The idea was for the British people to express their constructive ideas. Many chose instead to express their sense to humor. One petitioner called on Tony Blair to “stop the Deputy Prime Minister eating so much”. Another wanted to expel(驅(qū)逐) Scotland from the United Kingdom because Scottish football fans never support England in the World Cup. Other petitioners called on the Prime Minister to abolish the monarchy. Some wanted to give it more power. Some wanted to oppose the United States. Others wanted to leave the European Union. Some wanted to send some troops to Iraq and others wanted them all brought home. Some wanted to adopt the euro(歐元). Others wanted to keep the pound. Yet if some petitions are not serious, others present a direct challenge to government policy. A petition calling on the government to drop plans to charge drivers for using roads has already drawn around 1.8 million signatures. In response to that, a rival petition has been posted in support of road pricing. And that is also rapidly growing. There are about 60 million people in Britain, so it is understandable that the government wants to find out what people are thinking. But the problem with the e-petition site seems to be that the British people have about 70 million opinions, and want the Prime Minister to hear all of them. Perhaps he could start a petition asking everyone to just shut up for a while.16. A petition needs to be signed.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. The Prime Minister reads petitions every day.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. A petition has to be mailed to the Prime Ministers house in London.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Petitions have been taken to be one of the ways for the British people to express their ideas.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. No other governments have launched their e-petition sites.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. All petitions are serious.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. It is impossible for the Prime Minister to hear all of the opinions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第2330題，每題1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2項(xiàng)測(cè)試任務(wù)：（1）第2326題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為給定的段落選擇1個(gè)最佳標(biāo)題；（2）第2730題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為每個(gè)句子確定1個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。 Ways to Reduce Exposure to Air Pollution1 Areport published recently brings bad news about air pollution. It suggests that it could be as damaging to our health as exposure to the radiation from the 1986 Ukraine nuclear power plant disaster. The report was published by the UKs Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. But what can city people do to reduce exposure to air pollution? Quite a lot, it turns out.2 Avoid walking in busy streets. Choose side streets and parks instead. Pollution levels can fall a considerable amount just by moving a few meters away from the main pollution source-exhaust fumes(廢氣). Also dont walk behind smokers. Walk on the windward（頂風(fēng)的）side of the street where exposure to pollutants（污染物）can be 50 percent less than on the downwind（順風(fēng)的）side. 3 Sitting on the drivers side of a bus can increase your exposure by 10%, compared with sitting on the side nearest the pavement. Sitting upstairs on a double-decker（雙層電車）can reduce exposure. It is difficult to say whether traveling on an underground train is better or worse than taking the bus. Air pollution on underground trains tend to be less toxic（有毒的）than that at street level, coz underground pollution is mostly make up of tiny iron particles（粒子）thrown up by wheels hitting the rails. But diesel（柴油機(jī)）and petrol fumes have a mixture of pollutants. 4 when you are crossing a road, stand well back from the curb（路緣）while you wait for the light to change. Every meter really does count when you are close to traffic. As the traffic begins to move, fumes can be reduced in just a few seconds. So holding your breath for just a moment can make a difference, even though it might sound silly.5 There are large sudden pollution increases during rush hours. Pollution levels fall during nighttime. The time of year also makes a big difference. Pollution levels tend to be at their lowest during spring and autumn when winds are freshest. Extreme could or hot weather has a trapping effect and tends to cause a build-up of pollutants.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. When you get upB. Where you stand while waiting to cross a roadC. Where you walkD. Where you sit on a bus and how you travelE. When you go to bedF. When pollution levels rise and fall27. Air pollution can be as harmful to ones health _28. Traveling on an underground train can reduce exposure _29. Pollution levels are lower _30. Its wise to stay away from heavy traffic _A. on the downwind sideB. during rush hoursC. in spring and autumnD. to toxic airE. between autumn and winterF. as exposure to nuclear radiation第4部分：閱讀理解（第3145題，每題3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定一個(gè)最佳選項(xiàng)。第一篇 Not Eating too Much【博大考神職稱英語(yǔ)培訓(xùn)系統(tǒng)綜合類C級(jí)沖刺模擬題（一）閱讀理解第二篇】 Clean your plate! and Be a member of the clean-plate club! Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal: Just think about those starving orphans in Africa! Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying clean the plate”, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow. According to news reports, US restaurants are partly, to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little. Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professor at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand. Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4,000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford fine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150,000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25,000 want smaller. Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that, after long hours at low-paying jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents.31. Parents in the United States tend to ask their childrenA. to save food for tomorrowB. to wash the dishesC. not to eat too muchD. not to waste food32. Why do American restaurants serve large portions?A. Because Americans have big bellies.B. Because Americans associate quantity with value.C. Because Americans are good eaters.D. Because Americans are too weak.33. What happened in the 1970s?A. The US government called on its people to reduce their weigh.B. Health experts persuaded restaurants to serve smaller portions.C. The American waistline started to expand.D. The United States produced more grain than needed.34. What does the survey indicate?A. Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.B. Many low-income Americans want large portions.C. Fifty seven percent Americans want large portions.D. Forty-five percent Americans want smaller portions.35. Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans?A. They work long hours.B. They live from paycheck to paycheck.C. They want to save money for their children.D. They dont want to be healthy eaters.第二篇 A New Immigration Bill The US Senate is considering a new immigration bill. It will value the economic promise of immigrants over family ties when considering US residency and citizenship. The legislation, which was proposed by President Bush and a group of senators, contains a point system. The proposal aims to increase the number of immigrants with graduate degrees, earnings or job skills. The proposed point system would use a 100-point scale. According to a draft of the law, merit applicants could earn up to 47 points for things like occupation, or years of work for a US firm. They could earn up to 28 points for their education, 15 points for English and US civics(公民學(xué)), and 10 points for family ties. The system has stirred up debate. Critics on the left say it opposes family unity and American values. Critics on the right complain that the current system does not reflect the needs of high-tech employers. The current kinship(血緣關(guān)系)-based system puts pressure on the US, as it attracts low-skill workers who consume more public service than they pay back in taxes. It allows a variety of uneducated people in from Mexico and Central America. The immigration bill would allow eight years to clear the current backlog(積壓) of applications for a permanent resident card, or green card. After that, only the children and spouses(配偶) of legal immigrants would be able to apply for family visas. Adult children, siblings(兄弟姐妹), parents, and other relatives would have to apply in the general queue(排隊(duì)). Under the proposal, immigrants from Asian countries would likely fare well. For instance, over half of recent immigrants from China and India have a bachelors or higher degree. Immigrants from Latin American countries would likely face more difficulties. Immigration point systems have been in use in Canada, Australia and New Zealand for years. The UK adopted a similar approach in 2001. One thing that Canada and other nations have discovered is that their system needs to fit the needs of their economy. Too often they find that they attract highly-educated people who end up finding work that doesnt use their skills. Some end up driving a taxi.36. One of the reasons for proposing the point system isA. to give priority to immigrants from ChinaB. to protect the US from terrorist attacksC. to increase populationD. to attract skilled immigrants37. What do critics on the right say about the proposed point system?A. It opposes family unity.B. It is very difficult to apply.C. It does not meet the needs of high-tech employers.D. It opposes American values.38. Which statement is NOT true of the current system?A. It is kinship-based.B. It puts pressure on the US.C. It attracts highly-educated people.D. It draws low-skilled workers.39. Who can apply for family visas in future?A. The uncles and aunts of legal immigrants.B. The brothers and sisters of legal immigrants.C. The parents and grandparents of legal immigrants.D. The spouses and young children of legal immigrants.40. Which country adopted the point system in 2001?A. The USB. The UKC. CanadaD. Australia第三篇 Political Spins LAST week, US White House spokesman Tony Snow sent journalists digging for their dictionaries. He called recent criticism by the former President Bill Clinton chutzpah（大膽放肆）. With just one sentence, Snow managed to make headlines, a joke and a defense of President George W. Bush. Interestingly, this is how battles are fought and won in US politics with carefully-worded one-liners (一行字幕新聞) made for TV which often lack substance and clarity(清晰度). “The amount of information that candidates attempted to communicate to people is actually getting smaller and smaller” said Mark Smith, a political science professor at Cedarville University. This has been accompanied by a changing media environment, Smith said. In 1968, the average TV or radio soundbite(演講中的句子或短語(yǔ)) was 48 seconds. Thus, politicians wanting publicity try to make their public communication as quotable as possible. Campaigning politicians also use 30-second TV ads and clever campaign slogans(口號(hào)) to boost their messages. Republican presidential candidate John McCain rides to campaign stops in a bus named the “Straight-Talk Express”. McCain hopes the name will convince voters he plans to tell people the truth whether its in fashion or not. Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, on the other hand, has chosen the campaign slogan “Let the conversation begin”. She hopes it will help her appear open-minded and friendly. But one-liners, TV ads and campaign slogans all have a single key ingredient: something commonly called political “spin”. Brookes Jackson, a former journalist and the current director of the non-partisan(無(wú)黨派的) website FactC, calls spin “just a polite word for deception(欺騙).” “I do believe that very often politicians believe their own spin,” said Jackson. “Strong partisans suffer from a universal human tendency: They ignore the evidence that would force them into the uncomfortable position of having to change their minds and admit that they were wrong.”41. Which statement is NOT true of one-liners?A. They contain a lot of information.B. They are unclear.C. They lack substance.D. They are carefully constructed.42. What changed from 1968 to 1996?A. PublicityB. InformationC. The average soundbiteD. Communication43. The campaign slogan “Straight-Talk Express” aims at convincing voter that the presidential candidate isA. friendlyB. honestC. open-mindedD. warm-hearted44. According to Brooks Jackson, all campaign slogans areA. attractiveB. impressiveC. informativeD. deceptive45. Which statement best describes strong partisans?A. They are very funny.B. They are very healthy.C. They are very stubborn (頑固的).D. They are very aggressive.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第4650題，每題2分，共10分）下面的短文有5處空白，短文后有6個(gè)句子，其中5個(gè)取自短文，請(qǐng)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。 Bomb Explosions in Thailand The new year celebration in Thailand was shattered by violence, when nine bombs exploded across Bangkok around midnight. Three Thai citizens were killed and more than 30 injured. Among the injured, six were foreigners. No Chinese casualties were reported, the Chinese Embassy in Bangkok, the capital, said on Monday. _(46)But other embassies have advised their citizens to avoid travelling to Bangkok. There is a possibility of further attacks in coming days, said a travel advisory from Australia. Australians are urged to avoid unnecessary travel in Bangkok. No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. _(47)Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailands three southernmost provinces. Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani have a dominant Muslim population and have long complained of neglect(忽視) and discrimination(歧視) in the largely Buddhist(佛教徒的) nation. They have asked for independence and a separate Islamic(伊斯蘭的) state. Since 2004, the insurgents(叛亂者) have carried out numerous attacks in the south and more than 1,900 people have been killed. _(48) But Thai Prime Minister Sura