【培優(yōu)練習(xí)】Unit 2（英語(yǔ)人教必修四）.docx

Unit 2 Working the land培優(yōu)練習(xí)本課時(shí)編寫：江西省豐城中學(xué) 戴劍國(guó)一、完形填空Dear Mr Jones,I expect you may be slightly surprised to receive a letter from someone living as near as your nextdoor neighbor, but I have to raise a subject so that it will be easier for me to discuss in writing.You may have noticed that I have a _1_ of apple trees running alongside the fence that _2_ our two gardens. You may also have taken _3_ in the frequent sight of your two children _4_ on your lawn directly by the fence. And you may also have _5_ that my apple trees, so to speak, bend over the fence and seem to _6_ your children with interest.It is only natural that your children should sometimes seem to return that _7_. And it is not only natural, _8_, I acknowledge, quite legal, for them occasionally to show that interest by _9_ all the apples that hang over on _10_ side of the fence.But to be plain with you, Mr Jones, I am tired _11_ seeing your children, day after day, tear the branches off the side of every one of my apple trees, and leave my trees looking _12_ a battle had been fought on one side of them. I am, if anything, even more tired of waking up these fine autumn _13_, to find even the apples on my side of the fence _14_ in number. I know this is the work of your children, since last night I was woken at midnight by the _15_ they were making _16_ one of my trees, and (as they may have told you) chased them home.While I am on the subject, I am at least grateful to you for keeping your bonfires on the far side of your garden this year. Last year neither I _17_ your children had any apples, because the smoke from your bonfire destroyed all the flowers_18_ the apples had time to form. I very much hope that next yearfor the first time since I came to this villageI shall have my apples, and your children _19_ have theirs and that the sight of the line of apple trees will be _20_ pride to us both.1A. line Bwire CkindDsort2A. dividesBparts Cdeparts Dseparates3A. partBdelight Cpride Dplace4A. seatingBsat CsittingDseat5A. watched Bnoticed CseenDlooked6A. look down at Blook up to Clook up at D look down upon7A. profitBgood Cinterest Dtaste8A. just Beven Cand Dbut9A. pickingBtaking Ceating Dhaving10A. ourBhis CyourDtheir11A. fromBof Cfor Dwith12A. even ifBeven though Cin caseDas if13A. mornings Bafternoons CeveningsDnights14A. a little larger Bmuch larger Cmuch smaller Dmuch fewer15A. voiceBnoise Cwhisper Dscream16A. jumpingBbeating Cbiting Dclimbing17A. norBor CsoDand18A. afterBuntil CbeforeDunless19A. canBwill Ccould Dwould20A. aBan Cthe Dno二、閱讀理解ADujiangyan is the oldest manmade water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometers of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the regions governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20metrewide canals had been carved through the mountain.Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and affluently. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.1What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?AReducing flooding and watering farmland.BProtecting the mountain and reducing flooding.CWatering farmland and improving water quality.DDrying the river and supplying cities with water.2What was the main cause of the Minjiang Rivers flooding?AHeavy rains. BMelting snow. CLow river banks. DSteep mountains.3How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Yulei?ABy using gunpowder.BBy flooding the rocks with water.CBy applying a heating and cooling technique.DBy breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.4Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?AIt preserves much of the natural river life.BIt took very little time to complete the project.CThe building techniques used were very modern.DIt has raised the living standards of the local people.BWhen a leafy plant is under attack, it doesnt sit quietly. Back in 1983, two scientists, Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin, reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm. What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds, VOCs for short.Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening? Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react.Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. But others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the_tables_are_turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.In study after study, it appears that these chemical conversations help the neighbors. The damage is usually more serious on the first plant, but the neighbors, relatively speaking, stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do.Does this mean that plants talk to each other? Scientists dont know. Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches, and so, in effect, was talking to itself. Perhaps the neighbors just happened to “overhear” the cry. So information was exchanged, but it wasnt a true, intentional back and forth.Charles Darwin, over 150 years ago, imagined a world far busier, noisier and more intimate (親密的) than the world we can see and hear. Our senses are weak. Theres a whole lot going on.5What does a plant do when it is under attack?AIt makes noises.BIt gets help from other plants.CIt stands quietly.DIt sends out certain chemicals.6What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in Paragraph 3?AThe attackers get attacked.BThe insects gather under the table.CThe plants get ready to fight back.DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.7Scientists find from their studies that plants can _.Apredict natural disastersBprotect themselves against insectsCtalk to one another intentionallyDhelp their neighbors when necessary8What can we infer from the last paragraph?AThe world is changing faster than ever.BPeople have stronger senses than before.CThe world is more complex than it seems.DPeople in Darwins time were more imaginative.三、短文改錯(cuò)Last summer, I got a part-time job as a waiter. I worked hard and very helpful. Everyone in a restaurant including some regular customer liked me. One day, a foreign couple in their fifties entered into the restaurant. I was happy to have a chance to practice their spoken English. I went up to greet them warm. After I took their order, I told them their food will be served quickly because we Chinese respect the elderly. After heard my words, a look of displeasure appeared on the wifes face. Seeing my confusing look, her husband explained to me the Westerners disliked the description “old”. I apologized to them but realized the importance of knowing cultural differences.參考答案一、完形填空篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者家的蘋果樹長(zhǎng)到了隔壁鄰居家的院子里，鄰居家的孩子在摘蘋果時(shí)把樹枝都給扯壞了，他們還在半夜爬到樹上偷摘蘋果。因此，作者給鄰居寫了這封信，希望他能約束一下自己的孩子，共同愛護(hù)蘋果樹。1答案：A根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“the line of apple trees”可知，“我”沿著籬笆種了一行蘋果樹。line意為“排列，行”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。2答案：D此處指籬笆把“我們”兩家的花園隔開。divide通常指把整體分成若干部分，其后接介詞into。separate指把原來(lái)各自獨(dú)立但混在一起的東西分隔開來(lái)，其后常接介詞from。故答案選D。3答案：B看見自己的孩子坐在草坪上，家長(zhǎng)應(yīng)會(huì)很高興。take delight in是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“以為樂”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。4答案：C根據(jù)所給選項(xiàng)可知，此處意為“坐在草坪上”，two children與sit之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，故C項(xiàng)正確。5答案：B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指或許你也注意到了“我”的蘋果樹越過了籬笆。notice意為“注意到”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。6答案：A根據(jù)對(duì)本句的理解可知，這里運(yùn)用了擬人的手法，指蘋果樹越過了籬笆，饒有興趣地俯視著你的孩子們。look down at意為“低頭看，俯視”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。7. 答案：C根據(jù)上文中的“with interest”可知，此處指你的孩子有時(shí)似乎會(huì)回應(yīng)蘋果樹對(duì)他們的興趣，這是很自然的。此處是偷摘蘋果的委婉說(shuō)法。interest意為“興趣”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選C。8. 答案：D此處構(gòu)成固定搭配not only . but (also) .，意為“不僅而且”。故答案選D。9. 答案： A根據(jù)后面的賓語(yǔ)“all the apples that hang over on _10_ side of the fence”可知，此處是“摘蘋果”的意思。pick意為“采，摘”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選A。10. 答案：C根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，鄰居家孩子摘的自然是越過籬笆伸到他們家花園里的蘋果枝上的蘋果。本文是一封信，應(yīng)用第二人稱稱呼鄰居。故答案選C。11. 答案：B根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處指“我”厭煩了日復(fù)一日地看見你的孩子將樹枝從蘋果樹上扯下來(lái)。此處是介詞用于固定結(jié)構(gòu)中，即be tired of doing sth.，意為“厭煩，厭倦做某事”。故答案選B。12. 答案：D根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，孩子們將樹枝扯斷，使樹看上去就像經(jīng)歷過戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)一般。as if意為“似乎，好像”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選D。13. 答案：A根據(jù)句中的關(guān)鍵詞“waking up”可知，此處應(yīng)指早晨醒來(lái)。故答案選A。14. 答案：C根據(jù)下文描述的鄰居的孩子半夜爬到樹上摘蘋果可知，連“我”這邊的蘋果也少了很多，排除A、B兩項(xiàng)。number與small搭配，不與few搭配。故答案選C。15. 答案：B根據(jù)上文中的“I was woken”可知，“我”是被孩子們的吵鬧聲吵醒的。noise意為“噪聲，吵鬧聲”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選B。16. 答案：D根據(jù)下文中的“chased them home”可知，應(yīng)是爬上蘋果樹摘蘋果。climb意為“爬；攀登”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選D。17. 答案：A此處構(gòu)成固定用法“neither . nor .”，意為“和都不”。故答案選A。18. 答案：C根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，去年蘋果樹上沒有結(jié)出一個(gè)蘋果，因?yàn)樵谔O果開始生長(zhǎng)之前鄰居家篝火的煙毀壞了所有的蘋果花。before意為“在之前”，符合語(yǔ)境。故答案選C。19. 答案：B根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“next year”和前一分句中的“shall”可知，此處用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，故用will。故答案選B。20. 答案：A此處是抽象名詞具體化，a pride意為“一件令人驕傲的事”。此處指來(lái)年看見一行蘋果樹會(huì)令“我們”都覺得驕傲。故答案選A。二、閱讀理解A篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。全文簡(jiǎn)述了都江堰水利工程的特點(diǎn)及其重要價(jià)值。1. 答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句可知，都江堰水利工程帶來(lái)的益處是灌溉、防洪和提供用水。故選A。2. 答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，岷江洪水泛濫主要是由山上的積雪融化造成的。故選B。3. 答案：C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed.”可知，他是通過運(yùn)用加熱和冷卻的技術(shù)來(lái)解決這一難題的。故選C。4. 答案：A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，這是因?yàn)槎冀咚こ淌购恿鞯纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)和魚類和諧相處。故選A。B篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了葉類植物受到襲擊時(shí)，會(huì)發(fā)出一種有機(jī)化合物(VOCs)來(lái)保護(hù)自己或通過化學(xué)物質(zhì)與周圍的植物進(jìn)行交流。5. 答案：D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ . reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. .”可知，植物受到攻擊時(shí)會(huì)釋放出一種特殊的氣味，而這種特殊的氣味就是某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D。6. 答案：A句意理解題。根據(jù)畫線部分后的“The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.”可知，畫線部分的意思是襲擊者受到了它的天敵的襲擊。故選A。7. 答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away.”和“They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. . now becomes lunch.”可知，植物能保護(hù)自己免受昆蟲的傷害。故選B。8. 答案：C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，達(dá)爾文設(shè)想了一個(gè)遠(yuǎn)比現(xiàn)實(shí)世界更繁忙、更喧囂和更親密的世界，而我們的感官卻非常弱，植物世界比它表面所展現(xiàn)的更復(fù)雜。由此可知，(自然)世界似乎比它看上去的樣子更復(fù)雜。故選C。三、短文改錯(cuò)Last summer, I got a part-time job as