天津市武清區(qū)楊村第四中學(xué)高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語法專題十一 主謂一致語法課件 外研版.ppt

subject verbagreement主謂一致 grammar 意義一致原則 主謂一致主要有以下幾種情況 1 collectivenouns 集體名詞 由集體名詞 如group family class government team enemy crowd company audience等作主語時 如果看成一個整體 謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式 如果看成其中各成員 則用復(fù)數(shù)形式 注意 集體名詞為people police cattle等以及由對稱的兩部分構(gòu)成的事物的名詞如trousers boots shoes glasses scissors等作主語時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式e g thepolicearesearchingforthethief thegroup be madeupofninestudents thegroup be dancinghappily is are theteam have somegoodplayers theteam be handsome has are 2 indefinitepronouns 不定代詞 nothing be difficultintheworldifyousetyourmindtoit is 不定代詞everybodyeveryoneeverythinganyoneanybodyanythingsomeonesomebodysomethingnobodynoonenothingeachtheother等作主語時 謂語動詞用單數(shù) 2 everythingready be is 3 someonetoseeyou want wants or either or neither nor notonly butalso whether or在句子中連接主語的時候在there herebe句型中 謂語動詞要和就近的主語保持一致 就近原則 neitheryounori be wrong there be acupofteaandsomeapplesonthetable am is aorbnotabutbeitheraorbneitheranorbnotonlyabutalsob verb herethere verb aandb a bandc notonlyyoubutalsohe wrong is are neitheryounorhe right is are there twoshopsandacinemabesidetherailwaystation is are here amapandahandbookforyou is are is is are is 1 and連接兩個或兩個以上單數(shù)名詞或者代詞作主語的時候 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) 1 heandi bothstudentsofthisschool 我和他都是這個學(xué)校的學(xué)生 2 bothriceandwheatgrowninthispartofchina be 語法一致原則 are are attention 由and連接的兩個并列主語指同一個人或物 謂語動詞用單數(shù) 這時后面的名詞沒有限定詞 1 theworkerandwriter ourschooltoday visit 2 theworkerandthewriter tothemeeting havecome hascome havecome visits asingeranddancer thesingeranddancer be onthestage is thegiftisusedtohavewesternmeals whatisit aknifeandfork aknifeandforkusedtohavemeals is 2 當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas asmuchas alongwith with togetherwith like ratherthan but except besides including inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時 其謂語動詞的單 復(fù)數(shù)由主語的單 復(fù)數(shù)而定 1 theteacherwithtwostudents atthemeeting was were 2 e mail aswellasthetelephones animportantpartindailycommunication a isplayingb haveplayedc areplayingd play was a alibrarywithfivethousandbooks be offeredtothenationasagift nobodybutjane know thesecret is knows 3 定冠詞the adj 或過去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)作主語 表示一類人 謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式 如 thebrave thepoor theblind thesick theunemployed等e g thericharetohelpthepoor theunemployedarewaitingforthegovernmenttosolvetheirproblems 4 表示時間 金錢 距離 重量等復(fù)數(shù)名詞 在表示單位數(shù)量用作主語時 通常被看作整體 謂語動詞用單數(shù) amilliondollars is are reallyalotofmoney is sixtyyearsalongtime be threethousandmilesalongdistance be fiftykilogramesnottooheavytobecarried be is is is 5 當(dāng)主語由不定式 動名詞或疑問詞引導(dǎo)的句子充當(dāng)時 謂語動詞用單數(shù) 1 toholdtheolympicgames arichprizeforacountry be 2 choosingwhattoeat nolongeraseasyasitoncewas is is whatweneedmoretimeandmorematerials 由what who why how whether等引導(dǎo)的主語從句 謂語動詞通常用單數(shù) 但所指的具體內(nèi)容為復(fù)數(shù)意義 則可以用復(fù)數(shù)形式 whatweneedareteachers 3 is 6 some of plentyof alotof most of therestof all of half of part of themajorityof 分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) of 名詞等短語作主語時 謂語動詞與of后的名詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致 e g lotsofdamage be causedbythefire somestudentsareplantingtrees therestofthem be wateringthem ontheearthabout75 ofthesurface be coveredwithwater was are is 7 由each every no manya所修飾的名詞 即使用and連接作主語 謂語動詞一般用單數(shù) e g eachmanandeachwoman thesamerights a hasb havec hadd ishavingmanyapersonreadthenovel have has 8 more 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 thanone和morethanone 單數(shù)名詞的意義相同 均表示 不只一個 但前者用作復(fù)數(shù) 后者用作單數(shù) morethan 兩個以上的數(shù)字 名詞復(fù)數(shù)做主語時 謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù) morethanonestudentwaspunished morestudentsthanonewerepunished morethantwohundredpersonsarepresent morethanonewaskilledinthebattle 1 morethanoneworker dismissed havebeenb arec hasbeend has2 morethanonegraduate senttothehardestplacesince1979 isb arec hasbeend havebeen 9 一個肯定的主語和一個否定的主語 同時并用 謂語的數(shù)往往依肯定的主語而定 you noti aretobepraised i notyou amtobeblame 10 以s結(jié)尾的詞 但表示學(xué)科 國家 機(jī)構(gòu) 書籍 報刊等名稱作主語 謂語用單數(shù) mathsisausefulsubject his selectedpoems firstpublishedin1970 wasb werec hadbeend havebeen 1 thephilippines tothesouth eastofchina a liesb liec layd lays2 mathematics thelanguageofscience isb hasbeenc ared havebeen 11 由山脈 群島 瀑布 運(yùn)動會等s結(jié)尾的專有名詞作主語謂語用復(fù)數(shù) theolympicgamesareheldonceeveryfouryears 12 算術(shù)中的動詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以 多用單數(shù) twoandtwomakes makefour threetimesthreeisnine 主謂一致練習(xí)1 everyteacherandeverystudent foundastudents union a hasb havec expectstod hopeto2 nobodybutthem toknowaboutthematter a wantb wantsc havewantedd werewanted3 nothingbuttrousers inthatsmallshop a wasworthof20dollarsb wereworth20dollarsc wascost20dollarsd waspaidfor20dollars c b d 4 thedictionaryaswellasthebooksthat picturesinthem toher a has belongsb have arebelongedc has belongd have belongs5 twentypercentoftheworkofthewholeyear finishedbytheirgrouplastmonth a hasbeenb hadbeenc wered was6 aknifeandfork onthetable a isb arec hasbeend havebeing7 neitherhisparentsnorhiswife anythingaboutit a knowb knowsc haveknownd isknown d d a b 8 fivedollars toomuchforaticket a seemsb seemc seemtobed are9 mostoftheapples a wasrottenb wererottenc hasrottend haverotten10 aboutonethirdoftheworkersinthatfactory youngpeople a isb hasbeenc ared havebeen11 notonlytheteacherbutalsothestudents thechange a objecttob objectstoc objectd objects12 everymeans triedsincethen a hasbeenb havebeenc ared is a b c a a 13 thispairoftrousers mysister a isbelongtob arebelongc belongtod belongsto14 ourteam defeatedbytheirslastsunday a wasb hadbeenc hasbeend havebeen15 ourteam takingshowerswhenthedoorwasknockedopen a wasb arec wered havebeen16 theleaguesecretaryandmonitor askedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting a isb wasc ared were17 his selectedpoems firstpublishedin1965 a wereb wasc hasbeend hadbeen d a c b b 18 mr smith togetherwithhiswifeandtwosons toarrivethefollowingday a areb aregoingc isd willbe19 heaswellasi you a agreewithb agreetoc agreeswithd agreeto20 thesingeranddancer ourdiscussion a istoattendb aretoattendb areattendedd isattended21 politics oneofthesubjectsthatwestudy a areb isc shalld were22 ihavereadalargepartofthebook therest moredifficult a isb hasc ared have c c a b a 23 a