2015詞匯講義-陳正康.doc

更多資料盡在陳正康老師博客/yzchsi2015年考研英語核心詞匯與難句專訓(xùn)班講義陳正康博士編講導(dǎo)入部分必考詞基礎(chǔ)詞生僻詞：abdomen abortion ostrich capuchin 一詞多義：yield overlook address rate熟詞生意：InformationCIASchoolBillAct衍生詞：Prewar PostwarUnderprivilegedNonconformist 聯(lián)想派=齷齪派couragechill諧音派pest ponderous ambition詞源學(xué)安家 埋伏DiseaseNewsImpossibleIncorrect independentImprison Airport Passport Import Export Middle media modest immediate reason Normal norm abnormal abuse abandon 陳正康老師的成功英語誓言Whether you are lion or gazelle you must sprint for survival！Whether you are poor or wealthy you must strive for success！I can make it！第一部分 真題回放第一節(jié) 衍生詞professionalization prfenlazen n.industrialization ndstrlazen n.centralizationsentrlaizein n.miniaturization minitraizein n.generalization denrlzen n.homogenization hmdnazen n.同根詞 homogeneous ,hmdi:njs a.真題例句 The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.2006年閱讀1 例句精譯 媒體、廣告和運(yùn)動(dòng)是均一化過程中的其他因素。 interrelationship ntrlenp erprovincial ntprvnl a.真題例句 But “national” doesnt have to mean that. “National” could mean interprovincial provinces combining efforts to create one body.2005年新題型 例句精譯 但全國(guó)性并不意味著非得在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)；也可以指省與省之間聯(lián)手創(chuàng)立一個(gè)實(shí)體。interactivity ntrktvity n.真題例句 The examples of Virtual Vineyards, A, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.1999年閱讀2 例句精譯 像Virtual Vineyards和A及其他開拓者的例子說明：一個(gè)銷售適類商品的網(wǎng)站，如果將交互性、熱情服務(wù)、安全性合理結(jié)合，肯定會(huì)吸引網(wǎng)上用戶的。 intermarriage ntmrd n.真題例句 Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.2006年閱讀1 例句精譯 現(xiàn)在，考慮同化作用的3個(gè)標(biāo)志語言、擁有家庭和通婚。 dissatisfaction dsstsfkn n.dispassionate dspnt a.真題例句 Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassionate manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.2003年翻譯 例句精譯社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支，它力圖像自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象那樣，用理性的、有序的、系統(tǒng)的和冷靜的方式研究人類及其行為disproportionate dsprpnit a. 真題例句 By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations.1995年閱讀4 例句精譯 學(xué)校里最糟糕的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)形式就是不恰當(dāng)?shù)膹?qiáng)調(diào)考試。 irresponsibility irispnsbiliti n. pretechnological priteknldikl a.prescientific pri:saintifik a.appropriateness prupritnis n. 真題例句How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount , reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.1995年翻譯 例句精譯這些預(yù)測(cè)在多大程度上被后來的表現(xiàn)所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數(shù)量、可靠性和適宜性以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。 overcrowdedness vkraddns n. 真題例句 The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.1998年閱讀4 例句精譯 離開人口過度稠密區(qū)的做法影響了以前那種離開寒冷地帶去氣候宜人之地的趨勢(shì)。 forgetfulness fgetflnis n. environmentalist nvarnmentlst n. anthropologist nrpldst n. 真題例句 Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century.2004年翻譯 例句精譯 20世紀(jì)上半葉，兩位人類語言學(xué)家，F(xiàn)ranz Boas和Edward Sapir是研究和描述南北美洲土著語言的先驅(qū)。 astrophysicist strufizisist n.詞以類記：astronaut strn:t n.宇航員，太空人 astronomer strnm n.天文學(xué)家microbiologist makrbaldst n.nonconformist nnknf:mst n. 真題例句 45. Straitford is most proud of its _.2003年閱讀1 B nonconformist image 例句精譯 45、“Straitford”感到最驕傲的是它的_。 B 與別人不一致的形象 intellectualism intilektjulizm n.真題例句 Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism () in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be.2004年閱讀4 例句精譯 萊維西最新著作回顧：一百年來學(xué)校改革的失敗探索學(xué)校里反學(xué)識(shí)傾向的根源，書中的結(jié)論是：學(xué)校根本未能制衡美國(guó)人對(duì)學(xué)識(shí)追求的厭惡。但學(xué)校是能夠并應(yīng)該做到這一點(diǎn)的。 misinformation misinfmein n.subconsciously sbknsl a.真題例句 Thus, things once learned subconsciously through the casual communications of the extended family must be consciously learned.1995年閱讀3 例句精譯 因此，曾經(jīng)在大家庭內(nèi)部通過日常交流就可下意識(shí)學(xué)到的東西，現(xiàn)在卻要有意識(shí)地去學(xué)。submillimeter sbmilimit a.詞以類記 surpass surname surface surplus Surrealism underestimate ndrestimeit v.underprivileged ndprivilidd a.真題例句For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1995年翻譯 例句精譯例如，測(cè)試并不彌補(bǔ)明顯的社會(huì)不公，因此，它們說明不了一個(gè)物質(zhì)條件差的年輕人，如果在較好的環(huán)境下成長(zhǎng)的話，會(huì)有多大的才干。 understatement ndstetmnt n. 真題例句 Search for exaggeration and understatements.2002年閱讀1 例句精譯 留意夸張和打折扣的話。 undertreatment ndtri:tmnt n. 真題例句 It identifies the undertreatment of pain and the aggressive use of “ineffectual and forced medical procedures that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying” as the twin problems of end-of-life care.2002年閱讀4 例句精譯 報(bào)告指出了醫(yī)院臨終關(guān)懷護(hù)理中存在的兩個(gè)問題：對(duì)病痛處理不力和大膽使用“無效而強(qiáng)制性的醫(yī)療程序，這些程序可能會(huì)延長(zhǎng)死亡期，甚至?xí)屗劳銎陔y堪”。 詞以類記： underline underlie underlying 真題例句 60. What does the author think of intellect?A It is second to intelligence.B It evolves from common sense.C It is to be pursued.D It underlies power.2004年閱讀4 Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human,” with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.2005年閱讀1 antibacterial ntibktiril a.真題例句 He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery.1994年閱讀5 例句精譯 他（亞歷山大弗萊明爵士）是對(duì)抗菌物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)達(dá)9年的實(shí)驗(yàn)才有了這項(xiàng)發(fā)明。 inappropriate nprpri:t a. 真題例句 Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate.2004年翻譯 例句精譯 后來此觀點(diǎn)成為著名的Sapir-Whorf假設(shè)，但這一說法并不適當(dāng)。 incompetently inkmpitntli ad.insensitivity insenstiviti n.insignificant nsgnfknt a.multinational mlti:nnl a.真題例句 Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly.2001年閱讀4 例句精譯 跨國(guó)公司在1982年只占有國(guó)際貿(mào)易不到20%的份額。而現(xiàn)在，這個(gè)數(shù)字上升到25%強(qiáng)，并且還在迅速上升。 preconception pri:knsepn n.preoccupation pri:kjpen n.真題例句 If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.1995年閱讀4 例句精譯 如果學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)的強(qiáng)調(diào)減少一些，也許就有更多的時(shí)間教孩子更重要的價(jià)值觀念。 provincialist prvinlist n. 真題例句 Quebecs resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology.2005年新題型 例句精譯 魁北克省拒絕加入全國(guó)性代理機(jī)構(gòu)是出于地方保護(hù)主義思想。 supercomputer sju:pkmpju:t n.uncontrollable nkntrlbl a.真題例句 Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: “Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?”2001年閱讀4 例句精譯 這些國(guó)家的許多人面對(duì)這個(gè)浪潮開始憂慮：“企業(yè)合并的浪潮會(huì)不會(huì)變成一股不可控制的反競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的力量？” unpredictability nprdktbility n.真題例句 Unpredictability is part of the essential nature of research.1999年閱讀5 例句精譯 不可預(yù)測(cè)性是科學(xué)研究不可缺少的一個(gè)重要特征。 unenlightened ninlaitnd a.真題例句 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life.1996年閱讀5 例句精譯 所有這些書的目的是試圖告訴那些迷惑而且常常是還不開通的人：就宇宙和生命的起源與發(fā)展問題而言，不可能存在兩種都成立的科學(xué)理論。 unfortunately nftntli ad.unintentional nntnnl a.真題例句 Which of the following is true according to the text?2004年閱讀2 D Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias. 例句精譯根據(jù)本文的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪項(xiàng)正確？ D 字母表使用不當(dāng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無意識(shí)的偏見和歧視 unprecedented npresdentd a. 真題例句 Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation.2006年閱讀1 例句精譯 格雷戈里. 羅德里格茲在國(guó)家移民論壇中寫到，今天的移民既沒有達(dá)到空前絕后的水平也沒有能抵擋住同化作用。 unsustainable nsstenbl a.真題例句 Anyone can see this trend is unsustainable.Yet few seem willing to try to reverse it.2003年閱讀4 例句精譯 任何人都明白這個(gè)趨勢(shì)不可能維持下去，但是很少有人愿意扭轉(zhuǎn)它。第二節(jié) 熟詞生意1. They coined a story about the president in order to win the election.2. This new reform could support the safety net to help families weather bad times.3. A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia is a promising start.4. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse.第三節(jié) 一詞多義act kt 行動(dòng)，做事；（on）起作用，基于；表演；（for）代表，代替；n.行為，動(dòng)作；（一）幕；法令，條例【真題例句】Governments throughout the world act (v.) on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.2000年翻譯 【例句精譯】 世界各國(guó)的政府都基于一種觀點(diǎn)行政，即人民的福利在很大程度上取決于本國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力和國(guó)家的財(cái)富。 【真題例句】The paid manager acting (v.) for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.1996年閱讀3 【例句精譯】 代表公司進(jìn)行管理的領(lǐng)薪經(jīng)理們與工人和工人的需求形成更加直接的關(guān)系，但甚至他們也很少像正在被淘汰的舊式家族企業(yè)的家長(zhǎng)制中的雇主那樣熟悉和了解工人的情況。 【真題例句】The commercial TV channels ITV and Channel 4 were required by the Thatcher Governments Broadcasting Act (n.) to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs.1996年閱讀2 【例句精譯】 按撒切爾政府廣播法的要求，商業(yè)電視頻道第一和第四頻道正在進(jìn)行商業(yè)化，彼此競(jìng)爭(zhēng)廣告業(yè)務(wù)，降低成本，裁減員工。address dres n.地址，通訊處，致詞；v.致函，寫姓名地址；向講話；處理,解決 【真題例句】 Depending on whom you are addressing (v.), the problems will be different.2002年閱讀1 【例句精譯】針對(duì)不同的聽眾，要談的問題也應(yīng)該不同。 【真題例句】Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are (17：comprehensive) programs that address (v.) the many needs of the homeless.2006年完形 【例句精譯】波士頓環(huán)球日?qǐng)?bào)記者克里斯雷迪認(rèn)為只有通過全面規(guī)劃來解決這些無家可歸者的各種需求，這種局面才有可能得到改善。 特別奉獻(xiàn)：陳正康老師2014閱卷人考研英語真題詞匯分頻速記寶典-北京理工大學(xué)出版社第二部分 必備詞綴一網(wǎng)打盡前綴over表示在上面/超過overheaduvhed overall uvr:l 【例】an overall survey；an overall goaloverhearuvhi overlookuvluk【例】The secretary is very careful and never overlooks any little points. overestimated vestmetd overloadvldoversleepvsli:p前綴anti表示反/抗anticancerntikns antihuman ntihju:mn antiwar ntiw: 前綴dis表示not否定disappeardispi【例】Dont judge a person by ones appearance.apparent prnt【例】It was apparent that he knew nothing about how to repair cars.【例】apparent causedisappointdispintappointpint【例】We must appoint a new teacher at once to the mountain school.disregarddisri:d【例】She completely disregarded our objection.regardri:d【例】You cant regard him as a friend but a business associate.with / in regard to對(duì)于，就而論【例】I have nothing to say with regard to your complaints.regardingri:di介詞“關(guān)于”【例】I wrote a letter to my wife regarding my daughters exam.regardless ri:dlis 【例】He says what he thinks regardless of all of peoples feelings.disgrace【例】His scandal disgraced his family.前綴dis=di=away離開/分開dividedivaiddividenddividenddivorce div:s diffuse difju:s【例】A drop milk diffused in the water.confuseknfju:z【例】They confused me by asking so many questions.【例】I was confused by all the noise.refuserifju:zdistant distnt discard disk:ddisplacedispleisreplaceripleissolveslvsoluble sljubl 【例】These tablets are soluble in water.solutionslu:n【例】This is the only practical solution imaginable.dissolvedizlv【例】Water dissolves salt.resolverizlv【例】He resolved on going out.resolute rezlu:t【例】resolute optimistresolutionrezlu:n【例】His encouragement and support strengthened our resolution.【例】All those in favor of the resolution should raise their hands.distributedistribju:t【例】They distributed books to students.tributetribju:tattributetribju:t【例】David attributed his companys success to the unity of all the staff.contributekntribjut 【例】contribute two stories to the magazinecontributionkntribju:n短語make contribution to doing sth.對(duì)做出貢獻(xiàn)distinguishdistiwi【例】Can you distinguish between those two objects? 【例】The young officer distinguished himself many times in the battle.distinct distikt 【例】These two suggestions are quite distinct from each other.【例】There is a distinct improvement in your study.distinctive？distinctiondistikn【例】A distinction should be made between the primary and secondary contradictions.extinguishikstiwiextinct ikstikt 【例】Some of the species of birds are extinct.extinctionkstkn前綴de=down向下/離開deprive dipraiv 搭配deprive sb. of sth. 【例】deprive him of his civil rightsdegenerate didenreitdetraindi:trein derive diraiv 【例】Many english words derived from Latin.de還可以表示強(qiáng)調(diào)devote divut =de（強(qiáng)調(diào)）+ vote（投票，支持；例I vote for the latter我支持后者）短語devote ones life to doing sth. 【例】devote his life to helping the poor前綴uni表示統(tǒng)一/聯(lián)合uniteju:naitunion ju:njn 【例】the union between the two parties；student unionunique ju:ni:k 【例】unique opportunityuniformju:nif:muniverse ju:niv:s university University of Cambridge college medicalcollegeinstitute MassachusettsInstituteof Technology前綴bi表示雙/兩bicycle baisiklrecycleri:saikl【例】The glass of the bottle can be recycled.其形容詞為recyclable“可回收利用的”bimonthly baimnli 【例】a bimonthly magazine雙月刊bilingual balgwl linguist lgwst combine kmbain 【例】The two countries combined to fight against their common enemy.后綴atory，tory=場(chǎng)所/地點(diǎn)dormitory d:mitri =dorm（sleep）+ I + tory（地點(diǎn)，場(chǎng)所）dormant d:mnt “休眠的”，如dormant volcano休眠性的火山territory teritri =terr（earth）+ I + torylaboratory lbrtri =labor + atoryobservatory bz:vt:ri:=observ（observe）+ atory后綴less表示否定useful ，useless fruitful ，fruitless hopeful ，hopeless shameful ，shameless regretful ，regretless 后綴ate可以表示人graduaterdjuit candidate kndidit advocate dvkeit 后綴ary也可以表示人secretary sekrtri =secret + arycontemporary kntemprri =con（together）+ tempor（time）+ ary（人）【例】Beethoven is contemporary with Napoleon.【例】contemporary writer后綴ary也可以表示集合名詞dictionarydiknrivocabulary vkbjulri 后綴titude表示抽象名詞attitude titju:d 【例】Attitude is everything.multitude mltitju:d 短語a multitude of大量的后綴ify使purifysimplifybeautifyclassifyhumidify hju(:)midifai humanhju:mn humid hju:md humidifierhju(:)midifai 第三部分 同根單詞說文解詞mit表示send發(fā)射transmit trnzmit transport trnsp:t transplant transform translate 詞以類記：import export passport porter portable emit imit 【例】The laser can emit beams.evaporate ivpreit 詞以類記：eliminate eradicate enormous emergency emergence emerge submerge emigrate immigrate migrate turb=stir攪動(dòng)turbine t:bin 渦輪機(jī)turbulent t:bjulnt 狂暴的，騷動(dòng)的，動(dòng)蕩的【例】turbulent weather;turbulent crowd;turbulent periodperturb pt :b vt.使煩惱,不安disturb dist:b vt.打擾,使焦慮, 使煩惱per=through從頭到尾，每一個(gè)perfect p:fikt =per+fect(do) 同根單詞：fact factory manufacture manual 詞以類記：affect affection affectionate effect infect disinfect infectious pose=put擺放 compose kmpuz 組成，構(gòu)成，作曲，作圖，作文【例】England, scotland and wales compose the island of great britain. com=together一起compresskmpres詞以類記：condense confirm affirm infirmexpose kspz 暴露，曝光，揭露【例】Our skin is exposed to the sunshine.impose impuz vt.強(qiáng)迫，強(qiáng)加，施加duce=lead 引導(dǎo)produce prdju:s =pro（forward）+duce（lead） 詞以類記：prolong progress aggressive congress egress regress reduce ridju:s =re（back）+duce（lead）introduce ntrdju:s =intro（inner）+duce（lead）seduce sidju:s =se+ duce（lead） 引申：induceProduceproductduct 導(dǎo)管conduct 指揮，引導(dǎo)conductor 指揮家，乘務(wù)員，導(dǎo)體 辨析：semiconductor misconduct misdeedcide=cut 切decide disaid 詞以類記 devote define 同根單詞finite infinite infiniti define definition definitely confinepesticide pestisaid =pest+I+cide（cut）suicide sjuisaid【例】commit suicide 引申：insecticide homicide Inter=相互之間interviewreviewpreview詞以類記predict indicate dictation dictator contradiction dictionarynov=newinnovation nuvein innovateinnovativerenovate renveit auto表示自己/自動(dòng)automatic :tmtik 自動(dòng)化的，automation自動(dòng)化 automated teller machineATMautomobileauto-reversereverse riv:s =re（again）+verse v.翻轉(zhuǎn)，逆轉(zhuǎn)，顛倒 a. 顛倒的，相反的converse knv:s a.相反的, 逆的adverse dv:s a.不利的, 相反的，有害的，逆的 引申 adapt adjust adopt universe ju:niv:s versatile v:stail 引申 mobile fertile infer transfer preferJect=投擲/噴射eject idekt projector prdektinject indekt object bdikt =ob（=against） + jectsubject sbdi